Full transcript
0:00Hi Welcome back and Welcome to my
0:04channel today ang pagusapan po natin ay
0:09nasa ethical frameworks po tayo and then
0:12will discuss
0:15theology particularly emuel theological
0:20ethics So bago ang lahat ito muna dapat
0:23ang
0:28matutunan dap at the end of this class
0:32ma-identify po natin yung basic
0:34principles of the ontology
0:38particularly deontological ethics Then
0:42after that Dapat ma-evaluate natin yung
0:44strengths at saka
0:46Witnesses ng ethical theory na ito and
0:49then we can apply this ethical
0:53theory to local or international
0:57scenarios tat lang po ang dapat nating
1:03okay now as I said pag deontology po ang
1:07pag-uusapan We will focus on Emmanuel
1:11kant so unang-una muna sa lahat
1:14kailangan meron tayong
1:16introduction about kay Emmanuel kant He
1:19was born in 172 in
1:23cesb Russia Russia now part of
1:27Russia and then he Devoted almost his
1:30entire Life To The Pursuit of knowledge
1:32and understanding at the university of
1:37gis he studied math and Astronomy but he
1:41was pioneer in the philosophical subset
1:45of
1:45ethics so Ito po yung basic works niya
1:49the critic of your reason critic of
1:53practical reason and the metaphysics of
1:56morals K is one of the most important
1:59philosophy first Ah hindi ka po pwedeng
2:03hindi mo pag-aralan si kant Kapag ikaw
2:05po ay nag-aral ng
2:07pilosopiya kasi Isa siya sa pinaka
2:12um well-known philosophers especially
2:16during the
2:19enlightenment so now Let's move on
2:22to the deontological ethics of Emmanuel
2:26k But before that kailangan muna nating
2:28maintindihan
2:30yung meaning ng deontology ang
2:32deontology po ay galing sa Greek word na
2:35deon na ang ibig sabihin ay
2:39Duty so kapag deontological ethics ang
2:43pinag-uusapan or
2:45deontology ang moralidad po ay ng action
2:48ay nakabase sa paggawa ng duties and
2:53obligation So kung ang action mo ay
2:56hindi pa gawa ng duties at saka
2:58obligation
3:00then it will not be considered as moral
3:02ang deontology po ay kakaiba sa
3:05utilitarianism kasi ang
3:08utilitarianism ang Focus po ng moralidad
3:11ng action ay nakabase sa consequence ng
3:16[Musika]
3:17action para masasabi natin na maganda
3:20ang action or moral ang action dapat po
3:24maganda rin ang kanyang consequence ang
3:26deontology po ay hindi para sa
3:28deontology
3:31ang moralidad ng ating action ay
3:33nakabase sa duties and
3:36obligations So bago ang lahat dapat
3:40natin matutunan Ano ba yung basic
3:42principles of deontology sabi
3:46dito naniniwala daw ang
3:48[Musika]
3:50deontologist na meron daw tayong mga
3:52action na they are intrinsically right
3:55ano bang ibig sabihin
3:57niyan for example yung paggawa ng mabuti
4:01sa kapwa
4:03pagbibigay pagkawang
4:05gawa ito pong mga bagay na ito they are
4:09intrinsically right
4:11Okay so pangalawa sabi dito doing the
4:15right thing is the right thing to do
4:18regardless of the outcome or
4:20consequences ibig pong
4:23sabihin ang paggawa po ng mabuti
4:26regardless kung anoang kahinatnan
4:28at
4:30ay ito po ang dapat nating gawin so ang
4:35Ang
4:36pagbibigay ang pagtulong sa kapwa they
4:40are good
4:44intrinsically kahit na ang consequence
4:46nito o kahinatnan ay hindi maganda for
4:49example tinulungan mo yung tao
4:53tinulungan mo siya
4:55accidentally Nahulog siya So kahit na
5:00kahit na ang Kens Hindi
5:03maganda ang action naman a maganda So
5:07yun ang pinaniwalaan ng deontologist or
5:11theological
5:12ethics pangat actions can be considered
5:15moral if they are with good intentions
5:18Dito na po nagkakatalo
5:23Okay Una yung pagtulong sa kapwa ay
5:28intrinsically
5:30pangalawa kahit anong kahat nito basta
5:34Tumulong ka sa kapwa mo kahit ng kahat
5:36na hindi maganda result hindi maganda as
5:40long as Tumulong ka sa kapwa mo pangatlo
5:45Okay Paano ba naging moral halimbawa ang
5:48pagtulong is intrinsically right okay
5:51yung action na yan Number
5:56one
5:58k kasi Nakatulong ka sa kapwa Okay
6:02ah Napakain mo yung mga tao Nagbigay ka
6:06ng bigas or ano man yan pero iche-check
6:10din natin if you are a deontologist
6:12iche-check mo Ano bang intensyon niya
6:15ano bang motibo pag sinabi nating
6:18intentions motive Ano bang motibo niya
6:21bakit siya nagbigay kung ang motibo niya
6:24ay pagtulong talaga an out of duties and
6:27obligations then it is moral according
6:29the ontology pero kapag ang intensyon ay
6:32hindi maganda Nagbigay ka lang o
6:35nagbigay ang isang tao para mapuri or
6:38para manalo kasi di ba tumatakbo or ano
6:42man yan or ah para lang makakuha ng
6:45simpatiya at yun yyung kanyang int then
6:49for the ontologist even if the action is
6:51right even if the consequences right but
6:55Your intention is not good or not right
6:59there
7:00hindi pa rin siya
7:02moral so dapat it goes together the
7:06action is intrinsically
7:09right the action is good as regardless
7:13of the action is right regardless of its
7:18consequence and pangat dapat good
7:20intention siya So Dapat itong tatlo go
7:25hand in hand para masasabi natin na
7:28moral ang isang action
7:30and By the way dapat out of duties and
7:33obligation
7:35siya okay and connection to k ito na yon
7:40okay si k po sa kanyang deontological
7:43ethics ay
7:45nag-uumpisa sa sa claim na reason is the
7:50foundation of morality Okay ano bang
7:53ibig sabihin yan Okay para ang tao ay
7:57magiging moral dapat ang tao ay
7:59gumagamit ng utak Okay gumagamit siya ng
8:03utak kasi a person is rational there
8:07dapat mag-isip siya So halimbawa sa
8:10pagiging estudyante kung papasok ka lang
8:13araw-araw at hindi mo
8:15pinag-iisipan or or sa pangaraw-araw mo
8:19na buhay na hindi mo siya pinag-isipan
8:21at basta mo lang siya Ginagawa and you
8:23are not aware of it according to dapat
8:26maging aware ka dapat paganahin mo ung
8:29utak mo kasi You are a rational
8:32ba in order to be moral You have to use
8:36your mind kasi ito yung gagamitin natin
8:40in order to do or to act and to
8:44live
8:46morally so yan yung una
8:50pangalawa of course you're using your
8:52mind yung rationality
8:56mo sabi ni dapat ang tutumbok daw natin
9:00ay yung tinatawag na goodwill Okay para
9:02ang action natin ay magiging
9:05moral So ano ba yung goodwill ang Good
9:07will po
9:10is only thing that is good in itself
9:13Okay it is good without any
9:17qualification it is good in itself Okay
9:21ito yyung pinaka dapat nating tumbukin
9:24para masasabi natin na ang action natin
9:27ay moral So ano ba itong goodwill na to
9:30ang ang Good will
9:32po for cant is good
9:35intention
9:37okay Dapat ang action ay good at ang int
9:42natin ay good In other words good
9:45motive para masasabi natin na ang iyong
9:49action is right or moral now Ano ba ulit
9:55ang Good will only thing that is good in
9:58itself Okay good
10:01motive and number three is acting with a
10:04good will involves fulfilling one's Duty
10:07and acting with reverence for the moral
10:10law Malinaw
10:12po ang goodwill po is only thing that is
10:17good in itself because it has good
10:19intention or good motive and it is
10:22fulfilling one's Duty and acting with
10:26reverence for the moral law Ano ba yung
10:28ibig sabihin ng moral law
10:30yung batas na tama or batas na moral
10:35Okay reverence following you are doing
10:39it for the sake of Duty and you are
10:42acting it because you understood by the
10:46moral law Through Your reason and you
10:49follow it for the sake of Duty and
10:52nothing
10:54else Anong ibig
10:57sainan kap sumunod ka lang sa isang
11:00batas kasi natatakot ka or meron
11:02nag-joke sayo na na kailangan mong
11:05ah sumunod Hindi po
11:08ito moral so ang tanong dito kung
11:12malinaw na But how do we know what the
11:16moral law is okay now babalik tayo doon
11:21sa sa reason we have to to think Paano
11:28ba Paano ko malaman na ang moral law is
11:31a moral law or Paano ko malaman na ang
11:33batas ay
11:35moral isipin mo ah Gamitin mo yung utak
11:39mo at the same
11:41time pupunta rin tayo sa isang tanong na
11:45paano ba maging moral yung action ko
11:47dito napasok yung yung deontological
11:50ethics ni Khan so para kay kant a moral
11:54action is in a form of a
11:57command Okay It is a form command
12:00meaning to say order Kaya nga
12:03imperative it is in a form of a
12:07command so dito kung makikita mo para sa
12:11kanya ang kanyang deontological ethics
12:13ay categorical imperative Hindi po
12:16hypothetical
12:18imperative ano bang ibig sabihin yan ang
12:21hypothetical imperative it tells us what
12:25we should do if we have certain desires
12:28ex
12:29if need money work for it or if you want
12:32orange juice ask for it In other words
12:36Meron pong dito ginagawa mo lang ang
12:40isang bagay para makuha mo yung isang
12:44bagay Okay naintindihan natin para sa
12:47kanya ang ethical framework niya is
12:51categorical imperative imperative Ano
12:55bang categorical imperative it is
12:58dictate
13:00actions in all
13:02situations regardless of our desires or
13:05needs k wala tayong needs walay
13:08desire kailangan natin siyang gawi Kaso
13:11ang tamang for example do not ste if you
13:15do not ste because you afraid to be C TH
13:18that is
13:19hypothetical if you do not ste
13:24because you
13:26want to be good to others para makita or
13:31para ma-pr ka nila then it is not a
13:34categorical but it is a
13:37hypothetical So regardless kung may
13:39mag-pray SAO or
13:40wala regardless kung Merong nakakita SAO
13:43or wala you still follow this command of
13:49not
13:50stealing So In other words whether there
13:55is passing grade or not with
14:00um others will praise me or not I have
14:04to go to school I have to to to follow
14:08the the rules and
14:10regulations because it is my Duty to do
14:13it so regardless if I do not like it or
14:17regardless of i feel to do it or not I
14:21still have to do it without any
14:24condition so G ang kaiban
14:28categorical at saka hypothetical now
14:30Sana naintindihan natin to para step by
14:33step ngayon tapos na tayo
14:36dito ethical framework is according to
14:39categorical
14:41imperative now dito Babalikan natin yung
14:45tanong So paano ba naging Paano ba ako
14:49magkaroon itong categorical imperative
14:51na to
14:52Okay how can I
14:55know kung tama ba ang action ko hindi so
14:59para kay k meron
15:02siyang at least apat na formulation of
15:05the categorical imperative ito yung ito
15:08yung pang ano ito yung pang measure dito
15:12mure kung ating action is good or bad or
15:17moral or
15:19immoral so meron siyang apat na
15:22formulation but bago ang lahat
15:25Sain lahat dawo a tinatawag
15:30ano yung Maxim yung principle behind our
15:33action for
15:35exle Papasok ako ng school ngayon yung
15:39action ko pero behind action meron
15:43siyang principle Bakit ako pumasok para
15:46kay para kay ano para kay napaka
15:51nito Kasi dito natinal
15:59through the formulation of the
16:01categorical
16:03imperative at ang pinakauna dito is
16:06universal law formula Anong ibig sabihin
16:09niyan sinabi dito act as if the maximum
16:13of your action Where to become Through
16:16Your will a universal law of
16:19nature Anong ibig sabihin
16:23nito kapag na
16:27universalizing natin
16:29then it will be considered as
16:32moral
16:35okay or kung Ginawa ito ng ibang tao at
16:39acceptable sa lipunan at na universal
16:43siya acceptable sa lahat therefore moral
16:46daw ang Maxim natin for example kung ang
16:50Maxim natin is I will
16:52kill one person per day because that is
16:55the right thing to
16:57do okay ang tanong dito maaliz ba siya o
17:02hindi hindi bakit if I
17:07kill person one person per day and all
17:11the people will do the same then what
17:13will happen to our society another
17:16example is to borrow
17:18money so my Maxim I will borrow money
17:21Even though I cannot pay it back because
17:23I just want to
17:26barrow then ano K nari sa
17:30community kung lahat na lang ay ganito
17:33ang ginagawa maaring wala ng wala ng
17:37magtiwala wala ng bangkong magpapautang
17:40therefore it cannot be
17:51universalization is humanity
17:54formula humanity formula is to act a way
17:57that You're always treat humanity
17:59whether in your own person or in the
18:01person of any other never simply as a
18:05mean but always as the same time as an
18:09end the humanity formula is about
18:13respect respect the dignity of other
18:16people or never use a person as an
18:20object of our desire para makakuha lang
18:23tayo or ginagamit natin yung tao hindi
18:26po ganon kasi hindi po siya magiging
18:29moral and it goes back to the universal
18:32law formula ma-
18:38universalizing
18:40formula sinabi dito you act that you
18:43your Will can regard itself at the same
18:46time as making universal law through its
18:49maxims sinasabi dito sa autonomy formula
18:53na dapat free ka na Ikaw dapat as an
18:57autonomous person
19:00um you are free to make decision you are
19:04free to to to think and to act according
19:09to your Maxim that should become a
19:12universal
19:14law and number four is the kingdom of
19:17ends formula Anong ibig sabihin
19:20nito in the kingdom of ends Okay para
19:24siyang isang
19:26society we have we have to treat each
19:29other as an end in
19:32itself but as as well as we are
19:35autonomous People In other words lahat
19:38po ng nakatira sa Kingdom of ends in
19:40that society ay dapat they are law
19:44making Bodies they are
19:48lawmakers Sila po ang according to their
19:51Maxim sila meron silang Maxim at sila
19:54ang nagpapatupad because and they should
19:57be autonomous
20:00and autonomous means free and make sure
20:03that they have to respect other people
20:06as an and treat them as an end not a
20:09means to an
20:11end but we have to make sure that it can
20:15be
20:18universal so ito yung apat na to ang
20:20formulation of the categorical
20:22imperative Dito po makikita kung ang
20:26atin bang action ay moral or moral but
20:29the key
20:31is it will become an a categorical
20:35imperative if and only if we do it for
20:39the sake of Duty and not for the sake of
20:43something else so to end Ah ito yyung
20:48Reflection natin na dapat nating
20:50isalang-alang What do you think are the
20:53strengths and weaknesses of canan ethics
20:57or yung deontology
21:00Pao natin ma Yung kanyang ethics to
21:04local or international
21:07scen than you so much a all