APA references26

0:06[music]

0:10Hi everyone. This is the second video

0:12tutorial that you should be looking at

0:14today. It's on APA citation references.

0:19All right. So, why do we have to have a

0:21reference list, especially when we're

0:23already citing in text? Well, it's

0:25required by APA style. It's also used by

0:28others to cross reference sources and

0:30again it shows that you have credibility

0:32and it demonstrates that you also have

0:34academic integrity.

0:36Students will often ask if they can use

0:38a citation manager and I will typically

0:40say yes, but try not to do that for

0:43in-class activities.

0:45The reason is is that sometimes citation

0:47managers don't site things quite right.

0:49They don't get the details always right.

0:52And so you want to make sure that you're

0:53always going back to check that the

0:56details, capitalization, punctuation,

1:00etc. are correct. You might try in terms

1:03of citation managers, you might try

1:05things like Endnote, Zotterero or Ref

1:07Works. Word also provides some citation

1:10manager help if you use Word.

1:14So again, in APA style, you have to site

1:16in two places. You can site in the text

1:19with parenthetical or narrative

1:20citations, but you also have to to have

1:23a page at the end of your paper that's

1:26called the references page or just

1:27references where you list all of your

1:29sources. Today, we're just going to be

1:32focusing or at least in this video

1:33tutorial, we're only going to be

1:34focusing on the references page.

1:37So, the references page cites work that

1:39you used in your paper. If you didn't

1:42use a source, you're not going to put it

1:44on the references page.

1:47The references page looks something like

1:49this. Up here at the top, you'll have a

1:52title, references. Your references are

1:54listed in alphabetical order by the

1:56author's last name.

2:00Here, you'll also notice that there's

2:01something called a hanging indent. So,

2:03anything that runs over this first line

2:05will be indented five spaces. This just

2:08makes it a lot easier for someone who's

2:10trying to find a reference source to

2:12find the author. You'll notice too that

2:14everything on the page is equally double

2:16spaced. And this is what it should look

2:18like.

2:21How you site a source in APA

2:24in your references page really depends

2:26on the type of reference that you have

2:28and the information that you have about

2:29your reference. Generally, you will need

2:32the author's last name and first

2:34initial, the date of publication,

2:36the article title or chapter title, the

2:39book web page or journal titles, page

2:42numbers, volumes, and issue numbers, the

2:44publisher, as well as the URL or the

2:46DOI. The DOI is just a digital object

2:49identifier. It's like a list of numbers

2:51that can be connected onto the URL.

2:54It's a unique set of numbers that is

2:56assigned specifically to that article so

2:59that you can always go back and find it.

3:03It helps to think about reference

3:04citation as a series of slots. There are

3:06four. You have the author slot, the date

3:09slot, the title slot, and the source

3:11slot. Each of these are followed by a

3:13period suggesting it's the end of that

3:16slot.

3:18All right. So if you have a single

3:20author, you would just simply write the

3:21author's last name, a comma, and then

3:24the first two initials. Okay?

3:27If you have two authors, again in the

3:30references section, you would provide

3:32the author of the first source as it's

3:35listed on the article itself, Smith, LM,

3:39comma, you'd use the amperand in your

3:41references, and then the author's second

3:43name, the second author's name, Willis,

3:46G period, B period.

3:49You can list up to 20 authors in this

3:52way. and

3:56you then you would provide the amperand

3:58and the last author's name. Now, if you

4:01have 21 or more authors, you're going to

4:03include the first 19 authors just as you

4:06were doing up here. And then you would

4:08have uh the ellipsus and then you'd

4:11provide the final author's name and

4:14first two initials.

4:16Sometimes, again, keep in mind that

4:18organizations can be authors. So you

4:21would write out the a the entire

4:22organization name.

4:25If there is no author then typically you

4:27would start with the title of the

4:29article and then the date.

4:32Okay. The publication date of the

4:34article is going to go in parenthesis.

4:36So if it's a book you just put the year

4:38of publication followed by a period in

4:41parenthesis. If it's a journal article,

4:43same thing. Year it was published in

4:45parenthesis followed by a period. If

4:47it's a newspaper or magazine article,

4:49these are published typically monthly.

4:52So, you would need to provide first the

4:54year of publication followed by the

4:56month spelled out and then the day.

4:59Again, this would all be in parenthesis.

5:02If there is no date, again, in

5:04parenthesis, you would write n period d

5:06period to suggest no date.

5:09The third slot is the title slot. And

5:12how you format this really depends upon

5:14whether you have a standalone title or a

5:16big work or a small work. So let's say

5:21you have a print book. This would be

5:24considered a standalone title. [snorts]

5:27You would have Smith, LM, as your

5:29author, the the date 2007. And then what

5:33you would have is you would have the

5:34title of the book. In APA, you're not

5:38going to capitalize every word in the

5:40title. You'll capitalize the first

5:42letter of the title. And we know that

5:44this is a book because it's atalicized.

5:49If you have a subtitle, then you will

5:51capitalize the first letter of the

5:53subtitle, but that's it.

5:57Unless you have a proper noun like Harry

6:00Potter. Harry Potter is the name of a

6:02specific character. So, this would be

6:04capitalized, but the rest of it would

6:06not be.

6:11If you have something like an audio

6:12book, then in brackets you would

6:15identify the kind of book that it was

6:17like it's an audio book. Keep in mind

6:19that journal titles, the titles of

6:22journals are considered standalone

6:24titles. And here you have an exception.

6:27These are the title the main words in

6:29the title are capitalized in a journal

6:31title and they're also italicized.

6:37If the reference is part of a larger

6:39work, like an article within a journal

6:41or a chapter within a book, then you're

6:44going to format it a little bit

6:45differently.

6:48Rather than italicizing something or

6:49putting quotes around something, you'll

6:51simply capitalize the letter of the

6:54first word, and everything else will not

6:57be capitalized. And it's not also going

6:59to be italicized. The fact that it's not

7:01italicized shows that it's not a book.

7:04The same thing here. We're only going to

7:06be capitalizing

7:08proper nouns

7:11or subtitles.

7:15If you don't have a title, then you try

7:17to describe what reference it is as as

7:20clearly as you can, like map showing

7:22population density in brackets.

7:27In terms of source, this will also vary

7:29just a little bit. Um, so let's say we

7:32were dealing with this book here.

7:34If it's a print book, all you need now

7:37is the title of the publisher. You no

7:40longer need the city of publication or

7:41anything like that. You'll just put

7:43Bedford St. Martins as your publisher.

7:46If you have an ebook, you're going to

7:48put your publisher name like Norton and

7:51then you'll provide the URL or the DOI.

7:55If you have a chapter in a book, you

7:57will again provide the chapter title,

8:00importance of diet.

8:02But you need to then identify the editor

8:06name. So you would say in WJ Robbins,

8:10that's the editor. Here's the first

8:12initials of the editor's name, WJ

8:15Robbins, editor.

8:17And then the title of the book in

8:18italics, living with disease. And then

8:20you'd put the page numbers on which you

8:23found the article like PP period 6

8:26through 7. Then what you need to do is

8:29you provide the publisher and then if

8:31there was a a URL or a DOI

8:34and then if there was a URL or a DO or

8:36DOI you would put that in the reference.

8:43Websites are a little bit different.

8:45Websites are also italicized. So let's

8:48say this is a website article. You would

8:50italicize this uh 10 early signs of

8:53Parkinson's disease

8:55and then you would not italicize the

8:58site name, right? You just capitalize it

9:00and then you provide the URL. Journal

9:03titles are a little bit different.

9:04You're not going to atalicize them.

9:06You'll just write the journal article

9:07title out. The title of the journal,

9:10like I said, will be in capital letters

9:12as well as italicized. this number here.

9:15So you have a comma and this number here

9:17is the volume number. It's italicized

9:21in parentheses and not italicized. You

9:23have the issue number and then a comma

9:25and then the pages that you'll find it.

9:27If there is a URL or a DOI, then that

9:31would come afterwards.

9:36Again, the references will be listed in

9:38alphabetical order. So Loft LM would

9:41come before Loft SG. Uh, in this case we

9:44have two magma tts. It's probably the

9:46same author who's written the same thing

9:48or who has written two different

9:50articles. If you have the same author,

9:52you're going to list them in order of

9:54the year.

9:56Again, here we have Ron's PI, but that's

9:59going to come before Ron's PI and Keller

10:02KM.

10:03This is another example. If you have

10:05Tims, who's written two articles within

10:07the same year, we're identifying this

10:09one as 2019 A and then 2019B.

10:14You can find more information about

10:16formatting your APA references by going

10:19to this link.

10:21And when you go to that link, you'll

10:23come to this page here, this PDF, which

10:26basically gives you examples of every

10:28kind of reference you could ever

10:29possibly have. And you can use this to

10:32help you format your paper.

10:35Once again, if you have any questions,

10:37please reach out, let me know. I'm

10:39always happy to help you. Have a

10:40wonderful week. and we'll talk soon.

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