Full transcript
0:00foreign
0:09[Music]
0:25good morning welcome to the third
0:27lecture of seventh week of this ongoing
0:29course on understanding and reducing
0:31greenhouse gas emissions and we are
0:34focusing on building design and
0:36construction for reduction of emissions
0:39especially scope 1 and 2 emission today
0:43we are going to look at reduction of
0:45emissions from purchased electricity now
0:48what we've seen in the previous lecture
0:50and almost the entire week of lectures
0:53before that is that we've been looking
0:56at different strategies of building
0:58design and construction to reduce the
1:01emissions so we looked at passive design
1:03strategies we looked at Advanced passive
1:06design strategies we looked at natural
1:07ventilation and daylighting strategies
1:09now all these were actually going to
1:13impact the operational energy these
1:16scope 2 emissions directly then we
1:19looked at building materials so what are
1:21the factors that govern the selection of
1:24building materials for particular
1:25building and then we looked at the
1:27emissions related with different
1:29materials so we are talking about carbon
1:32emissions here now together when we put
1:34all of this in perspective what we are
1:36seeing is that we are reducing the scope
1:401 2 and 3 emissions Downstream largely
1:44these so we are reducing the scope one
1:48two and three emissions and within scope
1:503 we are largely looking at the Upstream
1:52emissions and we were trying to reduce
1:54that through reduction through demand
1:57reduction of operational energy Now by
2:01doing that doing all of this we would
2:03have reduced significant amount of
2:06operational energy requirement that
2:07demand and hence the scope two emissions
2:11associated with that now this little
2:14amount of energy that is required in the
2:17building after a significant demand
2:19reduction today in this lecture we are
2:22going to talk about that so what are the
2:24options so we have electricity produced
2:27from conventional fuels and then we have
2:29electricity which is produced from a lot
2:32of different renewable sources and that
2:35is what we are going to see that how
2:37much is the carbon footprint or the
2:40emission intensity of the energy
2:42produced using renewable sources of
2:45energy and how can we incorporate that
2:48so you would have seen a lot of
2:50discussion is around where we know how
2:53to integrate renewable energy into the
2:56buildings at a very small scale and we
2:58are also looking at the nation and
3:02Society at large incorporating
3:05renewable sources of energy into the
3:08main grid and making this grid more
3:10sustainable and reliable so today what
3:12we are going to see is what all are
3:14these sources what are the carbon
3:16footprint of these different types of
3:18sources so there is a lot of discussion
3:19when we go to when we start discussing
3:22about these different sources of energy
3:23that what is their carbon footprint what
3:26are the emissions associated with it so
3:28is it just operational energy that is or
3:32the emissions related with operations
3:33that are reduced or on a life cycle
3:36basis the emissions are reduced and then
3:39we will look at specifically the
3:40national power grid of India and what
3:42are the potentials for replacing the
3:45conventional with renewable sources and
3:47looking at the global ah scenario as far
3:51as the sources of ah this power energy
3:53are concerned so starting with the
3:57global share of gag emissions from
4:00electricity so if we look at the overall
4:03greenhouse gas emissions worldwide by
4:06different sectors by sub sectors we can
4:09clearly see that the maximum amount
4:13amount of emission is actually coming
4:15from production of electricity and where
4:18is this electricity going we have seen
4:20that a lot of this electricity a
4:22significant share of this electricity is
4:24actually getting consumed in buildings
4:27so what we are seeing here is that
4:29electricity produced using coal plus
4:32electricity produced using gas and
4:34electricity produced using oil together
4:37is constituting around 25 to 30 percent
4:41of the total emissions of the world and
4:44of this almost 25 percent we are looking
4:47at almost 35 to 40 percent of this
4:51energy going into buildings only for
4:53creating comfort and that is what we've
4:56been talking about in addition to that
4:58you can clearly see that five percent of
5:00this energy is also going in residential
5:03buildings and then we see a lot of
5:05different ah Industries we see Road
5:08Transportation featuring in which is
5:11going to come under the deeper view of
5:14Architects and planners we are also
5:17seeing commercial buildings and also the
5:19emissions due to refrigerants in
5:21buildings so we're talking about
5:23fugitive emissions here together we see
5:26that electricity and the consumption of
5:29fuel and a lot of other processes within
5:32buildings are responsible for
5:34significant share of the overall gig
5:37emissions in the in the world so
5:39electricity becomes extremely important
5:42the source of electricity becomes
5:44extremely important now what are the
5:46different sources of energy now here
5:48when we saw the share of different sub
5:52sectors in Gag emissions we saw that the
5:56renewable sources of energy the
5:58electricity produced using them does not
6:00feature in here it does not create it
6:03does not contribute to gag emissions and
6:06that is what we are going to see but
6:07before that let us look at the main
6:10sources of energy so the main sources of
6:12energy can be classified into two main
6:15baskets one which are non-renewable and
6:17the other ones which are renewable very
6:19clearly I do not have to go in detail
6:23over the discussion where we understand
6:25what is renewable and what is
6:26non-renewable but here clearly what is
6:30non-renewable is a resource which when
6:33consumed is going waste it is changing
6:37its form it is rendered unusable
6:39henceforth and the nature cannot
6:42reproduce this particular resource this
6:45source of energy within a short span of
6:48time it cannot renew it so that is
6:51non-renewable and the renewable is the
6:53one where even after producing energy
6:57using this particular resource the
7:00resource remains more or less intact or
7:03it can be replenished by the nature in a
7:06very short span of time so when we say
7:08non-renewable we are looking at
7:11radioactive materials there but the
7:14common understanding and the predominant
7:16non-renewable source of energy that we
7:19are currently using the world is at
7:21large using is the hydrocarbons or
7:24fossil fuels so we are extracting these
7:27fossil fuels which are carbon Rich from
7:29underground and then we are burning them
7:33we are combusting them to produce heat
7:35which is in turn used to produce
7:38electricity this is the whole cycle and
7:41we are looking largely at the
7:42hydrocarbons and fossil fuels now in
7:45renewable sources we have multiple
7:48options and depending upon the
7:51availability the geographic availability
7:53of each resource this resource can be
7:56utilized so the limitation with
7:58renewable source of energy is that it
8:00cannot be transported
8:02so what are the renewable sources we
8:04have hydropower we have tidal power
8:06geothermal wind solar biomass so these
8:11are the main these are the prominent
8:13sources of renewable energy now if you
8:15look at this none of these resources can
8:18be transported and transferred from one
8:21side to the other side so they are
8:24geography dependent and they are also
8:26season dependent they also have diurnal
8:29variation for example solar energy it is
8:32not even available 24 hours a day it is
8:36available only for the duration when the
8:38sun is there if you talk about say for
8:41example hydroelectricity so hydropower
8:44cannot be generated everywhere there has
8:47to be one sufficient availability of
8:49water and we also have to have a Terrain
8:52where a significant level drop is
8:55available and the water can be used to
8:57produce to run the turbines to produce
8:59electricity so this is again specific
9:01tidal energy is only in the coastal
9:04areas Oceans Where significantly intense
9:07tides are coming that is where tidal
9:09energy can be produced geothermal energy
9:12again where we have an access to the
9:15heat of the ground underground and it
9:18can be used to run the turbines to heat
9:21up to make Steam and then run the
9:23turbines same as with ah wind energy we
9:27have to first
9:28undertake a proper feasibility study to
9:31know that how much of the wind is
9:34possible or is available and is it
9:37sufficient enough to run the turbines
9:39and to produce electricity so overall
9:42the limitations are there with renewable
9:46sources of energy and that are the
9:49geographic limitations and the seasonal
9:52or diurnal limitations limitations of
9:55time when they are available the
9:58advantage with the non-renewable sources
10:01of energy was that they could be
10:03transported from one place to the other
10:05from one geography from one region to
10:08the other region they could be burnt
10:10they could be combusted and the energy
10:12can be produced where it is required so
10:15locally it could be provided now with
10:18renewable sources of energy it can also
10:20be produced locally in fact it can only
10:22be produced locally but only where there
10:25is this availability of resource so
10:27there could be places where none of
10:29these is available where there is no
10:31Hydro there is no potential for
10:33hydropower or tidal or geothermal wind
10:36or sometimes even solar is not possible
10:39so in such scenarios renewable may not
10:43be a possibility however such regions
10:46such geographies are rare on Earth where
10:49none of this is possible often one or
10:52the other is usually possible now we
10:55look at the global distribution of how
10:59much percentage of energy electricity is
11:02produced using each of these sources we
11:05will see that almost 80 percent of the
11:10total energy is produced from
11:13non-renewable sources of energy we are
11:16looking at crude oil we are looking at
11:18coal peat we are looking at natural gas
11:20so we are looking at 80 percent of the
11:23energy being produced by these three and
11:26these are all non-renewable sources of
11:28energy even nuclear energy is
11:31non-renewable source of energy it cannot
11:34be renewed by but the amount which we
11:37are using is minuscule in proportion to
11:41the energy that it produces however it
11:44will still be counted as a non-renewable
11:46source of energy and we are looking at
11:49more than 85 percent of the energy of
11:52the world still being produced using
11:54non-renewable sources of energy or
11:56conventional sources only a small
12:00percentage of the total Global energy is
12:04coming close to 10 to 15 percent is
12:07coming from renewable sources of energy
12:09today the world is moving very fast
12:12however this data is probably from 2018
12:15and we've moved further the world is
12:19very fast shifting to the renewable
12:21sources of energy because we seeing that
12:24we are depleting the conventional
12:26sources of energy the the hydrocarbons
12:29and fossil fuels at a much larger pace
12:32and they are not going to last for a
12:33long time probably not even in the
12:36century that's one number two is that
12:39the burning of these conventional fuels
12:42fossil fuels is the prime reason for
12:44global warming the greenhouse gas
12:46emissions and that we've been discussing
12:49throughout in this uh in this course so
12:52for both the reasons we are shifting to
12:55the renewable sources of energy and the
12:59different different types of energy
13:01sources renewable sources of energy that
13:04we are discussing here so I am not going
13:07to go in detail over them and I expect
13:10you to be knowing these but still giving
13:14you a quick brief overview of what these
13:17are so when we say that hydropower we
13:20are actually using the gravitational
13:21potential energy of water which is then
13:24converted into electrical energy through
13:26turbine for wind energy we are
13:29converting we are doing the same process
13:31just that we are instead of
13:33gravitational potential energy of water
13:35we are using kinetic energy of wind and
13:37then we are converting it into
13:39electrical energy using the wind
13:41turbines for solar energy we are using
13:44sun's energy sometimes it is the Heat
13:47and the other times it is the light and
13:50then it is turned into electricity by
13:52solar panels or solar heaters or the
13:56concentrators so solar energy could be
13:59two types it could be thermal solar
14:02thermal where we using the heat of the
14:04Sun and then using it to make Steam and
14:07then run turbines or we could be
14:10converting it into electricity using
14:12photo Vortex where we are using the
14:14light from the sun's energy now when we
14:18are talking about biomass we are
14:20actually it is similar to the
14:23conventional source of energy in the
14:25sense that it is going to be burned it
14:27is going to be combusted and the heat
14:29that's produced will be used to produce
14:32energy so what we are using so it can be
14:36again used in two ways one to produce
14:37heat or we can also use it to produce
14:41electricity so we are using the heat
14:44stored in these materials which is going
14:47to be procured from burning the biomass
14:48for directly heating or to produce
14:51electricity when we are talking about
14:53geothermal energy we are using the heat
14:55which is trapped underneath the Earth
14:57crust
14:59to convert into electricity
15:02so that is geothermal energy in ocean
15:05and ocean energy or the tidal energy we
15:09are using the oceanic thermal and tidal
15:11energy to be converted into electricity
15:14using again turbines largely and another
15:18one which is becoming more of a richer
15:20research interest and there is a lot of
15:22focus of the world on this last source
15:26of energy is hydrogen the potential of
15:29hydrogen to convert chemical energy into
15:32electricity through fuel cells hydrogen
15:35fuel cells is being explored So
15:38currently there are a lot of issues
15:41challenges which are being resolved by
15:43researchers so it is very easy to to
15:46procure hydrogen but it is very
15:49difficult to transport to store it and
15:52transport it and then we need to
15:54transport hydrogen we cannot be
15:56producing the energy then and there with
15:58the challenge that it is highly
16:00combustible inflammable so these
16:03challenges are being resolved and with
16:06the way researchers are going forward
16:08very soon we would probably see hydrogen
16:11being available as the most potent
16:13renewable source of source of energy so
16:17far we have the remaining six which are
16:20currently in commercial use the seventh
16:23one hydrogen is not in commercial use
16:25but a lot of research is going uh going
16:28on now if we compare the carbon
16:30emissions of these various sources of
16:32energy so here we are looking at the
16:34conventional sources of energy or the
16:37hydrocarbons fossil fuels so we can
16:39clearly see that the least emissions are
16:43caused by natural gas and that is 500
16:47tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per
16:50gigawatt hour of electricity produced so
16:53we're looking at this range starting
16:55from 500 and going to approximately one
16:58thousand tons of carbon dioxide
17:01equivalent per per gigawatt hour
17:04electricity produced this is what we are
17:07looking at when we talk about the carbon
17:10emissions now if we look at the
17:12renewable sources of energy and we
17:14compare the carbon footprint of these
17:16renewable sources of energy with that of
17:19the conventional sources of energy we
17:22see the least emission causing source of
17:26energy as as wind now these numbers are
17:30subject to change slightly different for
17:33different contexts different geographies
17:35economies so these numbers are not
17:38sacrosanct but they give you a clear
17:41idea of the number that we are comparing
17:44so natural gas would give us 500 tons of
17:49carbon dioxide equivalent emissions per
17:52gigawatt hour of energy produced now
17:54here when we are looking at wind onshore
17:58and offshore and this number will also
18:00change some places you will see that the
18:02offshore wind is significantly lower it
18:06has a lesser emission intensity in some
18:09other cases you will find onshore has a
18:11as a lower number but whatever this
18:15number is it is approximately in the
18:18same range which is 12 grams of carbon
18:22dioxide equivalent per kilowatt hour
18:23which is coming to approximately 12
18:26kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent
18:28per gigawatt hour now what are we
18:30comparing we are comparing 1000 to 500
18:35tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per
18:38gigawatt hour compared with that of 10
18:42to 12 10 to 20 km kilogram 1000 tons
18:46versus 20 kilogram
18:49of carbon dioxide equivalent per
18:52gigawatt hour of electricity produced
18:54this is the difference and this includes
18:58the stakes
19:00the entire life cycle of the production
19:04the material that has gone in so the
19:06Upstream scope 3 emissions the
19:10operational
19:11requirements the minimal there is very
19:14insignificant amount of
19:16of emissions that are caused during the
19:19operation phase of these you know these
19:22modes of producing electricity overall
19:24throughout the life cycle and also the
19:27the downstream so overall what we are
19:30really seeing here is a significant
19:33difference thousand times
19:36reducing the emissions using renewable
19:39sources if you look at solar so
19:42different types concentrated so
19:44concentrators solar thermal roof utility
19:47all of them they are also almost 50
19:51times less or 100 times less emission
19:54causing than the conventional sources of
19:57energy so we see with all of them except
20:00biomass biomass is also significantly
20:03lower than the conventional source of
20:05energy the hydrocarbons of fossil fuels
20:08but comparatively larger much larger
20:11than all other sources of renewable
20:14energy and if the numbers are to be
20:18believed if we are looking at a hydrogen
20:20so where we are seeing the minimum or
20:23approximately coming to 20 to 50
20:26kilogram of carbon dioxide equivalent
20:28hydrogen would probably give us only one
20:31to two kilogram of carbon dioxide
20:35equivalent CO2 equivalent of emissions
20:38per gigawatt hour it is going to be that
20:41clean however the challenges still need
20:44to be resolved so we still do not know
20:46whether it can be transported or the
20:48medium is going to be emission causing
20:51or not but as far as the existing
20:55sources of energy are concerned they and
20:58we are only talking about carbon
21:00footprint so there is a lot of
21:01discussion besides carbon footprint also
21:04so another thing that we have to discuss
21:06here we have to know here is that all
21:09this discussion that we've been having
21:10and throughout the last six weeks and
21:14this is the seventh week we are
21:16discussing about the greenhouse gas
21:18emissions we are talking about the
21:19carbon footprint we have based or we are
21:24basing most of our discussion on the
21:27amount of emission greenhouse gas
21:28emission that the these activities are
21:32going to release in the air we have not
21:34even thought or discussed about what is
21:36the water footprint so the moment we say
21:39solar is has a very low carbon footprint
21:42it indeed has but it has a significantly
21:47high water footprint because a lot of so
21:51ah the photovoltaic has semiconductors
21:55embedded in that and semiconductors are
21:58known to have extremely high water
22:00footprint so if we are only looking at
22:04gag emissions the carbon footprint with
22:07these renewable sources of energy are
22:09significantly lower they are much lower
22:12and today since we are discussing this
22:15course and why are we discussing this
22:17course is because global warming is a
22:19reality it is creating havoc on the
22:22planet Earth and we need to control it
22:25immediately though this is not a
22:29sustainable thinking so what we are
22:31seeing currently is let us resolve this
22:33issue of energy and the emissions first
22:36and we but we also have to
22:38simultaneously look at the other
22:40resources that are being consumed in the
22:42in the process so if you compare all
22:45these sources of energy on their carbon
22:48footprint plus we add probably water
22:51footprint or other fruit prints also we
22:54would be able to make a better choice a
22:57judicious choice of which source of
23:00energy is going to be least
23:02environmental having least environmental
23:06impact as far as carbon footprint is
23:08concerned all these sources of renewable
23:11energy are a better option than the
23:15conventional sources of energy depending
23:18upon their availability so again we can
23:22look at these numbers they usually have
23:25most of them whether it is wind solar
23:28hydropower geothermal and biomass all of
23:31them have one time Upstream emission
23:35related with them because most of these
23:37they require infrastructure to be set in
23:40place when we are talking about wind
23:41energy huge wind towers or wind farms
23:45they need to be set up if it is offshore
23:47in that case the base making the
23:51transportation everything it is a
23:54one-time emission causing activity the
23:57Upstream emissions if you're looking at
23:59hydropower the large dams that are being
24:01ah you know designed and constructed
24:04they will all have very high one-time
24:07Upstream emission that is going to be
24:10there and once it has been commissioned
24:13it has been put in place and in use
24:16after that the ongoing combustion the
24:20ongoing emission is practically zero it
24:24is only going to produce energy at zero
24:27emissions throughout its life cycle
24:30and in the end the one time Downstream
24:34emission for a lot of these projects
24:37which have been constructed across the
24:39world majority of them have not been
24:41taken down so far once they were
24:43installed for example the the dams for
24:46hydropower once they were put in place
24:48they were they were constructed and they
24:51were up and running they have been
24:53running since then so their life cycle
24:55is also very long and majority of them
24:58have not been you know demolished and
25:02there is very little data that is
25:04available for the downstream scope 3
25:08emissions which is associated with the
25:11with the Demolition and disposal of the
25:13waste so most of these having fairly
25:16long life cycle and ah having very less
25:20you know emissions overall even after
25:23including upstream and downstream they
25:25are going to be much less emission
25:28causing even if you place all resources
25:31of energy so we saw the non-renewable
25:34and renewable and if we put all of them
25:36in one graph this is what we are
25:40understanding so wind and nuclear
25:42nuclear is not renewable it is
25:45non-renewable and as I clearly said that
25:48renewable still the nuclear still causes
25:51significantly lesser amount of emission
25:54due to the processes that are there
25:56so wind and nuclear they are at the
26:01bottom most when we are looking at the
26:03emissions and the emissions caused due
26:06to electricity produced using coal is
26:09much higher than all of them almost 1000
26:12times higher is what we are looking at
26:14here all other renewable sources of
26:17energy are also significantly lower than
26:20all the conventional sources of energy
26:23is what we see now coming to National
26:26Power grids of India so what we have
26:29currently is that we have five major
26:33grids in which the entire country is
26:35divided and we still draw a significant
26:39proportion of this this electricity
26:42which is running in the grids from the
26:45non-renewable sources of energy India is
26:48doing significantly better we are
26:50reaching almost 50 percent of the energy
26:53which is generated from renewable
26:56sources today now what happens if the
26:59grids were to depend entirely on
27:01renewable energy as I said that the
27:04renewable sources of energy they have
27:06limitations in terms of geography and
27:09seasonal and diurnal variation so
27:12sometimes probably during the nights if
27:16there are no winds if there is and there
27:18is no sun if there is no availability of
27:21hydropower or tidal we may not be having
27:24a continuous supply of energy so the
27:28best option in this in such a scenario
27:31is to have a mixed portfolio of
27:35renewable energy and backed up with a
27:38conventional energy for sustaining the
27:42growth so we are not just looking at
27:44reducing the greenhouse emissions we are
27:46also looking at sustaining the economy
27:49sustaining the growth simultaneously so
27:52what we are doing in conventional if we
27:54if we omit this part of the the energy
27:57Supply this entire grid so we produce it
28:01goes to the Transformer or the storage
28:03facility and through that it goes to the
28:07transmission tower and substations
28:09through Tower lines into the into the
28:12utility where it is going to be used
28:14homes businesses Industries everywhere
28:17so these are the end users where this is
28:20going now this is conventionally how
28:24electricity is being supplied in our
28:26country now what we have to do is that
28:28we have to have localized and mixed of
28:33different sources of energy to supply
28:36energy directly at the local level into
28:40the grid and then to the to the end user
28:44that is what we are that is what is
28:46going to sustain in the long run so what
28:50we see if we look at the entire map of
28:53India and it is divided in five grids
28:57so we have the northern grid Western
29:00grid Southern Eastern and Northeastern
29:03grid each of these grids has a potential
29:07for renewable source of energy if we
29:10look at Northeastern it has a
29:13significant potential for
29:16High hydropower for ah hydropower
29:19potential if you look at the Eastern we
29:23have very high coal reserves and it is a
29:26power Surplus region ah in general if
29:29you look at Southern so it has
29:31hydropower but it is dependent on
29:34Monsoon so it is it varies seasonally
29:37solar is more or less available in all
29:40the four regions except the northeastern
29:44region and the extreme north of Northern
29:48Region so solar is available more or
29:51less throughout the country and if
29:54you're looking at ah Northern Region it
29:56is it has the potential for hydropower
29:59which is snow fed run of the river
30:02and this hydropower is also sensitive to
30:05weather so the output of electricity
30:08using these is also dependent upon
30:10weather so what we have and in addition
30:13to that this is for hydropower we have
30:16the potential for wind energy we have
30:19the potential for tidal energy which is
30:21now being explored and also harvested
30:24and we have a tremendous potential for
30:28using solar power plants using solar
30:31power using photovoltaic as well as
30:34solar thermal because throughout the
30:36year we have more than 260 sunny days
30:41where the sky is not overcast in
30:45majority of the geography of India as a
30:49country
30:50so what we see from here is that we have
30:53this potential we are also using this
30:55potential and today we see that we have
30:59almost 36 percent of energy share as
31:04renewable energy and this is As on March
31:062020 and if we look at the current
31:09numbers of 2022 publishing we are
31:13closing in on 50 50. so 50 percent of
31:17the total energy used in India being
31:21produced using conventional sources of
31:23energy and the remaining 50 percent
31:25being produced using renewable energy
31:27and this I am talking about installed
31:29capacity which is already working
31:31a lot of projects of solar power of
31:35hydropower they are they have been
31:39sanctioned and they are under
31:41construction or they are going to be
31:43installed very soon so as India
31:46committed by to Itself by 2030 we
31:49promise to have a 50 percent mix of
31:53energy coming from the Renewables and we
31:57are likely to achieve that Target much
32:00ahead of the promised deadline what we
32:04have to also see with renewable energy
32:06is as we were seeing when we were seeing
32:08the total emissions is that the one time
32:11the Upstream emissions are very high
32:14with most of these renewable energy
32:16projects so different countries have
32:19different policies but very large
32:21projects of energy producing they are
32:26put in the conventional or non-renewable
32:30source of energy for example very large
32:33hydropower plants so they in India they
32:37are considered as renewable source of
32:39energy in many countries they are not
32:42considered as renewable source of energy
32:44because though the water is renewable
32:47and the energy that will be produced
32:49will have zero emissions but it is such
32:52large projects are associated with very
32:54high environmental impact they displace
32:58people so there is a lot of
33:00Rehabilitation that has to be done so
33:02the social impact is very high the
33:05environmental impact is very high though
33:07the emissions are significantly lower
33:09but other environmental impacts are
33:12higher and social impacts are higher so
33:14such projects in some countries
33:16sometimes sometime back even in India
33:19they were considered as they were not
33:22considered as renewable but now we
33:24consider them as renewable and today our
33:26energy Supply from renewable sources
33:29stands at very close to 50 percent of
33:33the total share which is a very good
33:34number and if you look at the share of
33:39that we will see that hydropower and
33:42solar are the most significant sources
33:45of renewable energy in our country
33:48within solar if we see we have both
33:51large scale solar and we have rooftop
33:54solar now both these large-scale solar
33:57or rooftop solar they have been made
34:00possible they are enabled through policy
34:03so policy as an instrument has a
34:06significant role to play whenever we are
34:08talking about renewable energy and the
34:10shift to that if we look at the global
34:13scenario of energy consumption we will
34:16see that the overall consumption of
34:18energy specifically in Asia Pacific is
34:24increasing so this portion is
34:27significantly increasing in fact this so
34:31this is what we are seeing that in Asia
34:33Pacific the energy consumption is
34:35significantly increasing and that is why
34:38because the industrialization came later
34:42into the Asia Pacific and it is now
34:45happening so more and more Industries
34:47are being set up and those Industries
34:49require a lot of Developmental
34:51activities are happening in Asia Pacific
34:54right now and which is why we require a
34:57lot of energy and which is also
34:59resulting in a lot of emissions and it
35:02is ah it is still growing the graph is
35:04upwards of this energy that is consumed
35:09in the world we still see and we've seen
35:11this percentage breakup most of the
35:14energy is still coming from the
35:17non-renewable or conventional sources of
35:19energy a very small 10 to 15 percent is
35:23coming from the renewable sources of
35:25energy if we look at some of the
35:28countries the top ah 10 countries which
35:31are producing electricity from fossil
35:34fuels we see that the electricity is
35:36still being produced largely using coal
35:39gas and oil and if we look at the
35:42countries which are doing very good as
35:46far as the use of renewable sources of
35:48energy production are con concerned then
35:51we see that India so this is again ah
35:552021 data as on 2023 India is at number
36:00four and we are doing very good as far
36:04as the renewable energy consumption is
36:07concerned so as a country we are doing
36:11very good we are shifting we are moving
36:15forward word to the renewable sources
36:18and besides the country moving towards
36:21renewable sources of energy what we also
36:23have to see is that there is a lot of
36:27potential to include this in the
36:30building design itself solar is the most
36:33convenient easy to use form of renewable
36:36energy so we have solar photovoltaics we
36:41have solar thermal concentrators and we
36:44have solar heaters so for supplying
36:47energy requirement the electricity
36:49inside the building for supplying the
36:52hot water or Heating in the space for
36:55all these three purposes we can have
36:57energy producing assemblies right on the
37:02rooftop so solar is one the second most
37:05convenient but of course in certain
37:07geographies of the country is the wind
37:11energy so we do not need to have very
37:14high mass and a huge turbines there are
37:18micro wind ah generators micro wind
37:22turbines which are available and that
37:24can be installed on top of your Terraces
37:27provided we have sufficient wind
37:29velocity is to run those turbines so
37:32what we are looking at is of course the
37:35country is making a shift but we as
37:38building designers and managers have to
37:41shift have to start generating our own
37:43electricity so much so that we become
37:46each building becomes Net Zero Energy
37:49requiring building so first we reduce
37:51the demand and then we are supplying the
37:53demand by installing the energy
37:56producing equipment on our own Terraces
38:00and also having a mix so multiple
38:03resources of renewable energy is what we
38:06are talking about so with this I will
38:09stop here and we have fairly looked at
38:12the different aspects of reducing
38:16emissions through building design and
38:18construction looking at the design
38:20strategies looking at the construction
38:22strategies that is demand reduction plus
38:25supplying it through renewable sources
38:27of energy in the remaining lectures of
38:30this week we are also going to look at
38:32the retrofitting and refurbishment of
38:35buildings so so far what we have been
38:38talking is with the perception of new
38:42buildings with the ah with the mindset
38:46of new buildings being constructed but a
38:48lot of building stock still exists and
38:51how we can make it less emitting or less
38:54emission producing is what we are going
38:56to see in the rest of the week and few
38:59case studies before we move on to the
39:01calculations how much emission reduction
39:04are we really getting through each of
39:06these strategies is what we will see in
39:09the next week so thank you very much for
39:11joining me here today bye bye see you
39:13tomorrow
39:14[Music]