Full transcript
0:00all right in reference to the
0:01cardiovascular system it is composed of
0:03two main parts you have the heart and
0:05you have the blood vessels and they are
0:08structures that work together to pump
0:09blood throughout the body the blood that
0:12it pumps carries oxygen and nutrients to
0:14the cells and AIDS and eliminating the
0:17waste with your heart and the anatomy of
0:20it it is located slightly to the left of
0:22your sternum and your sternum is here
0:24located right in the middle of the
0:26breastplate a heart is slightly to the
0:29left going to be the size of a closed
0:32loose fist
0:34and remember it is a muscle it's one of
0:37the strongest muscles in your body uh
0:40unlike the other muscles in your body I
0:42mentioned before you want to work those
0:44you want to exert those uh your heart
0:46muscle is going to be a little different
0:47we do want to exercise our heart muscle
0:50we can do that by light cardioactivity
0:53three times a week 30 minutes a day is
0:56going to be fine but what we don't want
0:58to do is overwork our hearts the point
1:01where it's over exerted and becomes
1:03enlarged it is a pump uh it works very
1:06very hard for you and it works
1:08involuntarily and it's primary
1:10responsibility is to move blood
1:12throughout your entire body it's
1:15composed of three layers you have the
1:18endocardium your myocardium and your
1:21pericardium and so here for Endo Endo
1:24means innermost and so in reference to
1:27the heart that's going to be the
1:29innermost layer of the Heart It lines
1:32The Atrium and the ventricles
1:35moving outward you have what's called
1:37myocardium myo means muscle so this is
1:41going to be the muscular layer of the
1:43heart where we would see damage to the
1:46heart that would occur within The
1:47myocardium overgrowth in the heart and
1:50The myocardium
1:52pericardium pericardium is going to be
1:55the outermost layer fairy means
1:57surrounding or around and so this would
2:00be the outermost layer of the heart that
2:03protects the heart and also secretes
2:05what's called pericardial fluid that
2:08assists with as the heart is Contracting
2:10and relaxing it allows it to do that in
2:13a smooth like fashion your heart Ash
2:15also has four chambers two at the top
2:19two at the bottom controlled by valves
2:21that work as doorways to allow the flow
2:24of the blood
2:25the top you have what's called Atria's
2:27or atriums and at the bottom you have
2:30two they're called ventricles so atriums
2:34here ventricles at the bottom and all of
2:37these little things here these are
2:39valves which work as doorways that
2:41control the flow of the blood now in
2:44those valves we need to know the names
2:46of the valves so we have What's called
2:48the tricuspid valve your tricuspid valve
2:52is located here between your right
2:54atrium and your right ventricle remember
2:58these active doorways so they open and
3:00they close and allow for the flow of the
3:03blood if in fact you have a valve that
3:05opens and doesn't quite close all of the
3:08way what we can expect is for the blood
3:10to lose its direction a little bit so on
3:14an examination if we were to look at an
3:17echocardiogram of a patient that did
3:19have a leaky valve what we could expect
3:22to see is what's called regurgitation
3:25that would mean that the blood is
3:27flowing through and a little bit it
3:29backs up and then it works its way
3:31through that would be a regurgitation
3:34and in listening to a patient's heart
3:36what we might hear is called a heart
3:39murmur and again that's just the
3:42backflow of the blood kind of losing its
3:44direction because of the valves and the
3:46way that they open and close not quite
3:48closing all the way
3:50so tricuspid in between the right atrium
3:53and the right ventricle
3:55and then you have your mitral valve on
3:58the opposite side between the left
4:00atrium and the left ventricle you also
4:03have what's called a pulmonary valve
4:05very main valve within the heart
4:08that sits here and then at the very base
4:11next to the pulmonary you have the
4:13aortic valve these are also referred to
4:16as semilunar valves
4:20so all of these valves open and close
4:22and allow for the blood to have
4:24Direction knowing the flow in which it's
4:26going to make its way through the heart
4:29out to the lens and the body to provide
4:32oxygen throughout you also have arteries
4:36veins and capillaries of the heart and
4:39it's important to understand that the
4:41term artery anytime you hear artery
4:43artery means that it's carrying blood
4:46away from the heart this is going to be
4:49oxygenated blood
4:51good way to remember this is a artery
4:55away starts with an A so away artery
4:58carrying blood away oxygenated blood for
5:02our veins veins carry blood to the heart
5:05this is going to be blood that's already
5:08used up so deoxygenated it's gone
5:11through the body body's taken what it
5:13needs from it now it's sending it back
5:15to the heart this is deoxygenated blood
5:18you have two terms here superior vena
5:21cava and inferior vena cava and with
5:24superior vena cava this is going to
5:26bring blood from the head and the arms
5:30to the heart thinks Superior head
5:32Superior so brings blood from the head
5:35and the arms to the heart inferior vena
5:38cava brings blood from the abdomen and
5:41the legs the inferior portion of the
5:43body the bottom portion of the body back
5:46into the heart we do have a gas exchange
5:48and the gas exchange occurs and the
5:51pulmonary three arteries to the lungs
5:54as well as the poor pulmonary veins from
5:58the lungs so pulmonary arteries to the
6:01lungs pulmonary veins from the lungs is
6:05where the gas exchange occurs and then
6:07in reference to capillaries we need to
6:10know that this is the smallest blood
6:12vessel that we have and it connects
6:15arteries to veins
6:17and also AIDS and the exchange of oxygen
6:21and nutrients between the blood and the
6:24cells so all of this working in an
6:26involuntary manner to make sure that our
6:29body has the level of oxygenated blood
6:32that it requires