The Complete Python Course For Beginners

0:00hello everyone and welcome to the

0:01complete python course this course is

0:03designed to teach you everything you

0:05need to know about the Python

0:06programming language this is going to

0:08assume you're a complete beginner you

0:10have no knowledge of python and bring

0:11you through right from the beginning all

0:13the way up to expert and advanced level

0:15features so this course is actually a

0:17combination of a bunch of videos that

0:19I've created over the past few years it

0:21starts with beginner Python Programming

0:23goes to object-oriented programming then

0:25into intermediate and advanced level

0:27features so those are the four main

0:29section of this course it's kind of

0:31split up in those four sections and

0:33within those sections there's a bunch of

0:34topics now if you want to figure out

0:36what section to jump to or you want to

0:37see what's involved in the course look

0:39in the description there'll be a bunch

0:40of different timestamps that show all of

0:42the different topics that are covered

0:44and feel free to skip through and go to

0:46the ones that you find the most

0:47interesting so with that being said this

0:49video is taking a very long time to

0:51compile and create so I would appreciate

0:52if you guys leave a like you subscribe

0:54and you consider becoming a channel

0:56member if you want to support me on a

0:57monthly basis so with that being said

0:59let's go ahead and get into the full

1:01python

1:14course hey guys so welcome back um today

1:17I'm going to be doing a Python tutorial

1:20Series so this is the first episode in

1:23the series it's kind of an introduction

1:25showing you how to download python how

1:27to install it and then going into data

1:29types and variables so the first

1:31important thing to understand about the

1:34Python programming language so don't

1:36worry if you've never programmed before

1:38um I'm going to be going over everything

1:40very slowly and in depth so that you can

1:43understand I recommend that you follow

1:45along with everything I'm doing in the

1:46tutorial uh pause the video at certain

1:48points rewind if you don't understand um

1:51it's important you understand these

1:52parts so that we can move forward into

1:53more complex

1:55ideas so obviously the first um thing

1:58that we're going to have to do if we're

1:59going to learn python is we have to

2:00install it on our computer so uh we're

2:03just going to go to the python website

2:05up here python.org

2:07downloads right here and all you're

2:09going to do is just click download

2:11python

2:133.6.1 now I'm not going to do that

2:15because I already have python installed

2:17and downloaded on my computer but pretty

2:19much once you uh download this it's

2:21going to pop up down here in your

2:23downloads folder just run the exe it's

2:25very simple um and you'll be running

2:27python in no time so now pause the video

2:29go ahead and do that and then we can go

2:31to the next

2:32steps okay so once you've done that

2:35you're going to notice that you have an

2:37application that looks like this it's

2:38called idle um Python and then it'll

2:41have the version so I'm using version

2:443.5 um don't worry if you have a version

2:47that is larger than that so 3.6 or even

2:49one that's before that most of the

2:51things that I do in this will work in

2:52all the versions of

2:54python okay so go ahead and run the idle

2:57you'll notice the first thing that pops

2:59up is the python shell as you can see at

3:02the top here the shell now this right

3:05here is not where we're going to write

3:07all our programs it's the console kind

3:10of so here I can type any lines of code

3:13for example I want to

3:15print a name like this and it'll run

3:18right away so that's not what we're

3:20going to do you can play around with

3:21this if you want but we're going to go

3:23to file and we're going to click new

3:26file and then here we go so now we have

3:29a new document that we're going to be

3:31working on and we're going to be

3:32programming in so I'm going to go ahead

3:34and I'm going to save this right away as

3:36tutorial one into my tutorial folder

3:41which I believe is on my

3:42desktop right here yep right there

3:45awesome okay so there we go we've saved

3:48it and now we're ready to learn a little

3:50bit about data types so pretty much

3:52python is a fairly basic language in

3:55comparison to a lot of other ones a lot

3:57of things that it does is uh more simple

3:59than other languages but it is important

4:01to understand the basic data type so

4:03there's four main data types in Python

4:05there is a few more but we're just going

4:07to talk about these ones right now um

4:09the first one is an integer so that can

4:12be uh a short form int that stands for

4:15integer now um an integer is any number

4:18so such as 1 4 76 any whole number it's

4:24important that is a whole number it

4:25could be a negative number as

4:27well5 um zero those are are all

4:30integers okay now we have strings now

4:34the short form for Strings is St now

4:37pretty much a string is anything

4:39embedded in quotations so like this uh

4:42this is my name Tim that is a string and

4:44then we also have something like this

4:47this would be a string and even like

4:51this this would be a string so although

4:53there is a number in here since it is

4:55between these two quotations here it is

5:00a string so even if I did another number

5:02like like that string um now it's also

5:06important to understand that it doesn't

5:07matter if you use the single quotations

5:09or the double quotations sometimes we

5:12use the single quotations because inside

5:14of our actual quotations we want to use

5:17double quotations or maybe um if we use

5:20the double quotations because we want to

5:22use the single quotations inside of our

5:24actual string like that okay so those

5:27are just a few examples um now we have

5:30Boolean variables uh or data types sorry

5:34so Boolean data types is something like

5:38true and false so true and false pretty

5:42basic um these are reserved words in

5:45Python um meaning that they're

5:47highlighted in yellow and that you

5:48cannot use them for variable names

5:50that's going to be important later on um

5:53just know that they are important words

5:55uh true and false and they do start with

5:57capitals so um for example if I typee

6:00true like this uh it's not highlighting

6:03Orange right so that's because true um

6:06in Python the keyword for that starts

6:07with a capital so true and false um then

6:10we have the um decimals which are the

6:14float uh data type like this so anything

6:17with a decimal floating point so

6:201.23 um anything like that any decimal

6:23number with a floating decimal point uh

6:25would be a

6:27float okay so those are the four basic

6:31um data types um there is a few more

6:34that I'll go on to later on but you just

6:36have to understand these ones right now

6:38so now that we know these data types

6:41I'll give a quick little quiz here so

6:43I'm just going to put a

6:45few things right

6:50here and then I want you to pause the

6:53video and go ahead and try to determine

6:55what type of data type these things are

7:00okay so go ahead pause the video and

7:02then I'll go over the answers in a

7:05second okay so we'll start with the

7:07first one here uh hello it's the same

7:09example that I have up here except in

7:11single quotations so we can see that it

7:13is a string data type okay so that is

7:16the short form Str Str now we have the

7:19number

7:20123 that would be the integer data type

7:24we have another number here that has a

7:25decimal point so

7:273.22 that would be a float

7:30we have the keyword true this data type

7:33is a Boolean data type then we have two

7:37in quotations this is very important we

7:39don't want to get this mixed up this is

7:40a string some people may think that it's

7:43an integer because it's two but no it

7:45actually is a string because it is

7:47inside of the quotations and then same

7:49thing here three inside of the double

7:51quotations again is a string not an

7:53integer okay so now that we have an idea

7:56of the basic data types um I'm going to

7:59show you how to create a variable so

8:02pretty much you may have heard of

8:03variables before in math or something

8:05like that um in math we tend to use X as

8:08a variable we say x may be five x may be

8:11four anything like that um it's the same

8:14thing in Python now declaring a variable

8:16in Python is very easy all you have to

8:18do is type the variable name so in this

8:20case I'm going to use name and then

8:23simply give it a value so this value as

8:25you may remember is a string this is my

8:27name and I'm just storing it in the

8:29variable

8:30name now if I want to access that

8:33variable I want to see what that

8:35variable is I can print it to the

8:38console by simply typing the variable

8:40name which is name so now we'll see what

8:43happens um if I run the program just

8:45going run run module I'm going to use F5

8:47from now on so that's the uh thing and

8:50you can see it prints out Tim just like

8:52that okay now um say we did that we have

8:56name equals Tim we printed it to the

8:58screen now maybe we want to change that

9:00variable well it's very easy again all

9:03we have to do is just type the value

9:05name and now maybe we're going to change

9:06it to Bob and now we want to see what

9:08the new VAR new variable is so we will

9:11print it to the screen we'll print name

9:14cck F5 to run that and we'll see name

9:17and or sorry Tim and then Bob so like we

9:20have here name equals Tim print name

9:23name equals Bob print name right so

9:26we've set it like that okay so that's

9:28pretty basic um

9:30now you can create variables of

9:31different data types so for example if

9:33we had a variable age I would use an

9:36integer data type so like 18 for that

9:39variable and then again if I wanted to

9:41print into the screen I would type print

9:43and then the variable name like

9:45that okay 18 perfect right so we printed

9:49that to the screen um again if the

9:52variable names um there's a few

9:54restrictions on variable names so here

9:58you just see I've used three lowercase

10:00letters um your variable names can

10:03contain underscores um they cannot

10:05contain dashes um they can only contain

10:08underscores text and they cannot start

10:11with a number I believe so if I try to

10:13do one one name equals 2 for

10:18example I run into an invalid syntax

10:21error because we can't name a variable

10:23starting with a number now I can end it

10:25with a number I

10:27believe let us try

10:31yep so that's fine it's let us do that

10:33name equals one I could do name

10:36underscore um person maybe yeah namore

10:40person you see if I run that program

10:42everything's fine there um but I can't

10:45put something like a star in my variable

10:50name you see how we've got an invalid

10:52syntax there right this is because these

10:54symbols represent something else in the

10:57Python language so just know for names

11:00um we can use capitals if we'd like I

11:01could use name like

11:04that run the program that works fine but

11:07I cannot start it with numbers so I

11:09cannot put a number there um and I

11:11cannot contain anything other than

11:13underscores texts and numbers in or at

11:16the end of the variable name now here's

11:20a quiz for you if I make a variable

11:22called name and do another variable

11:24called

11:26name um are they the same thing now

11:29that's a good question um are these two

11:32the same thing um no they are not the

11:34same thing so capitals do matter in

11:36Python the all capitals variable name is

11:40different than the variable name so

11:43again name like this is different than

11:45all of those variables there okay so I

11:48think I've covered um a little bit on

11:51variables and data types today um this

11:53is the complete Basics just wanting to

11:56get everyone caught up um in the next

11:58video we'll go into some more advanced

12:00things maybe uh operations of variables

12:03adding them together subtracting

12:05multiplying um buing conditions things

12:08like that okay so I hope you enjoyed the

12:10video today um stay tuned and we're

12:13going to have another one out tomorrow

12:15um and like the video if you if it was

12:17good and subscribe so yeah thank

12:24you hey guys so welcome to the second

12:27video in the series um if you remember

12:29in the last video we talked about data

12:31types and variables uh we went briefly

12:33into some of the things that python can

12:35do um today I'm going to be talking

12:37about operators and we're going to be

12:40doing some print statements some input

12:43um a little a few small console

12:45applications just applying some of the

12:47knowledge that we've learned so pretty

12:50much the first thing I want to do is I

12:51want to go back and I want to review

12:52what we did in the last lesson very

12:53quickly so we talked about variables and

12:55data types so for example the X variable

12:57we could set it to something equal to

12:58two like that uh a name we may equal to

13:02our name right so I make that equal to

13:03Tim um so there we go we have the name

13:07right there equal to 10 we'll start with

13:08that okay now if you remember in the

13:11last one I didn't talk about this but I

13:12used something called print now the

13:14print statement pretty much takes an

13:16argument so inside of these brackets the

13:20thing that is inside that brackets is

13:21called the argument so it takes a uh a

13:25string argument usually so I will give

13:27it the name so now you'll see again we

13:29did this in the last one just want to

13:30review I'm clicking F5 simply to run the

13:32program when I go to the console it

13:35simply puts Tim onto the console just

13:37like that

13:38right okay um very basic we already did

13:42that so now let's say well we want to do

13:45something else so let's let's print here

13:48and we're just going to put a string and

13:49we're just going to type this in

13:50ourselves so let's say hello comma what

13:54is your

13:57name that's going to print to the

13:59console now we want to get what the

14:01user's name is now there's a way to do

14:04this in Python it's very simple we're

14:06going to make a variable name it makes

14:08sense to put the variable name here and

14:10do an equal sign because it's a variable

14:12right we're going to type the word input

14:16just like this now what's going to

14:18happen if I run the program here I'll

14:20show you is it's going to say hello what

14:24is your name and it's going to actually

14:25allow me now to type into the console

14:28which I couldn't do before now nothing

14:30happens after when I click enter because

14:31we don't have anything else after that

14:33but it's allowing me to

14:35type okay so now well we want to print

14:38out what the name is that was said so

14:40let's just simply type print and then

14:44name all right and we have hello what is

14:47your name I say oh well my name's Tim it

14:49says Tim all

14:51right now well we just printed out the

14:54name but maybe we want to go a little

14:55more advanced than that we want to say

14:57well hello Tim how are you doing Tim

15:00something like that right so I'm going

15:01to just put a comma here going to

15:04separate these two things and I'm going

15:06to put in a string and I'm just going to

15:08type what I like to type so I'm going to

15:09say hello with a comma and then you see

15:13that I have this other comma here that

15:15is outside of the quotations meaning

15:17it's not a string it's actually just

15:18separating the two arguments in here and

15:20you'll notice what happens now when I

15:23print is it goes hello what is your name

15:25so I say oh my name's Tim it says hello

15:28Tim

15:29right so that's pretty straightforward I

15:31hope that's easy to understand we're

15:32just using the input to get an input and

15:34then we're printing it back out to the

15:36screen okay so let's do um let's go into

15:39the next part of this now we'll use that

15:40again later but let's talk about

15:42operators so operator that term may

15:45sound familiar to you um in math uh we

15:48use things called operators so these

15:50four operators hopefully should look

15:52familiar to you um this is a plus sign

15:55this is the addition operator we have

15:57the minus sign which is the subtraction

15:59operator the division sign which is the

16:02well division operator and then the

16:04multiplication sign which is again the

16:06multiplication uh operator so there's a

16:09few more operators that we'll talk about

16:10but these are the four basic ones in

16:13Python now you remember how I talked to

16:15you about data types this is where this

16:17comes in when we use these operators

16:19it's important that we use them on

16:21certain data types so for example um in

16:23math I could do something like 3 + 4

16:27right so what is 3 + 4 equal well that

16:29is equal to 7 so the computer can

16:31actually do that math operation by using

16:34that operator to return those values so

16:36let's let's give an example here quickly

16:38so I have uh let's do num one we're

16:41going to use variables here uh remember

16:43I can use a number in the variable as

16:45long as it's not at the beginning and

16:46I'm going to give it a value of 45 and

16:48then we'll do num two and we're going to

16:50give it a value of three now if I want

16:53to print to the console um let's say num

16:57one plus num 2

16:59well you can guess what that's going to

17:01give us it's going to give us 45 + 3 I

17:04hope if this is not an

17:07error yeah so that gave us 48 right so

17:11oops didn't mean to make that full

17:12screen num 1 plus num two is 48 all

17:16right so now what about minus let's try

17:19this 42 basic um we can do

17:22multiplication here with the

17:24multiplication

17:26sign there we go 135 and then we'll try

17:30again with the division sign just to

17:32show you all of them we get

17:3415.0 like that okay so that's pretty

17:37straightforward um those four basic

17:39operators now in Python there's a few

17:42more operators that we want to talk

17:44about now for example in math we have

17:46something called exponents right so how

17:48do we do exponents in Python well it's

17:51actually two stars is how you do an

17:53exponent all right and now maybe there's

17:55something called integer division um

17:58which I'll get into later but I'll just

17:59show you the operator for it right now

18:00it's two slashes that means uh I'll give

18:03you an example a math example here

18:0564 /

18:07by um let's do 10 um would give us

18:11usually in math a value of 6.4 right

18:15that's if you use one division sign

18:17sorry what am I doing times I mean

18:19divided by would give us 64 I have 6.4

18:22but now if we do two division signs here

18:24like this it actually gives us a value

18:26of six that's because it just um it

18:29doesn't worry about the remainder at all

18:31it just tells us um how many times 10

18:34can go into 64 um and that's all it can

18:37go in six times evenly so it gives us a

18:40whole number as our answer that's called

18:41integer division this double double

18:44slash like

18:45this okay and then we have another

18:49operator which is actually the modulus

18:51operator um so this is the percentage

18:54sign and this gives us the remainder so

18:57here if I do five 5 modulus

19:012 then the remainder of that is actually

19:051 because 5 / two is four then with a

19:09remainder of one right so it's not going

19:10to give us the decimal points it's again

19:11just going to give us the remainder if I

19:13did five / by four again the remainder

19:15is one 5id by 3 the remainder would be

19:17two like that okay so that's what the

19:19modulus sign um gives us so we'll put

19:21modulus here and then there's probably a

19:24few others that I'm forgetting about but

19:26we can go into those later

19:29so now um same thing let's keep using

19:31our number variables here and now let's

19:33introduce a third variable called

19:35num3 now um I want to show you how we

19:38can use the variables so num one and

19:40let's see if you remember what this

19:42operator is uh so that's the exponent

19:44operator so that means num one which is

19:45going to be our base uh which is 45

19:48raised to the power of four because

19:50we're going to use num two and we can

19:53print num

19:55three press okay

19:59and you can see we get a pretty large

20:00number um that's because of how

20:01exponents work and

20:03then same thing here if we want to do

20:06maybe integer division see what we're

20:08going to

20:09get we get 11 right a whole number and

20:13then say we want to do

20:18modulus we get one okay so now let's tie

20:21all these things together with the

20:22operators that we've used the variables

20:24the prints and the

20:26inputs so um let's start by just get

20:29doing a little print statement and

20:31saying pick a

20:35number okay pretty basic we're going to

20:37pick a number and then we're going to

20:39take the input so we're going to say num

20:40one again is equal to the input of

20:45that okay so we got the input in Num one

20:48um now let's say

20:52print pick another

20:57number all right so now we're going to

20:59pick another number so we're going to do

21:00num two is equal to input like that and

21:04now what we're going to do is we're

21:05going to introduce our third variable so

21:07we'll call it sum because we're going to

21:08add these is equal to num one plus num 2

21:12and now actually you can't use sum

21:14because it's a reserve word so let's

21:15just do in all capital sum because

21:18remember how we talked about variables

21:19capitals and lowercase are different and

21:21then we're going to print to the

21:24console the sum like that okay

21:29so we run the program says pick a number

21:31uh let's pick a number let's say four

21:33and let's do 32 now what do you think

21:36it's going to

21:37be oh oops okay

21:42so yeah someone equal num one plus num

21:46two okay so this is why um I talked

21:48about data types so I'm actually uh

21:50Happy this happened it's because what

21:51actually happens when we get the input

21:53of something is it gives us the type of

21:55a string um which in this case is not

21:59what we wanted to do so um you saw there

22:02I'll run it again um it's a good mistake

22:04that this happened actually we have four

22:06and we have a three and it gave us 43

22:09that's just because we added the string

22:10four to the string three um so that

22:13simply gave us 43 but now we know in

22:15actual math that 4 + 3 equal 7 so if we

22:17want to do um the integers we have to

22:20actually convert these variables into

22:22integers so in order to do that remember

22:24I showed you the keyword um int like

22:27this before we're just going to put

22:29brackets around our two variables here

22:32like this

22:33integers and now hopefully we should get

22:37the correct answer when we do four and

22:39we do three and you can see we've got

22:41seven so um I didn't mean for that to

22:43happen originally but I'm happy it did

22:45because it shows us why data types are

22:47important so when we take the input of

22:49something we're typing it from the

22:51keyboard and that is actually a string

22:53so um here we can print again um don't

22:57worry about what I'm doing right now but

22:58I just want to show you the type which

22:59is going to give us if it's a string if

23:01it's an integer of num two just to show

23:03you what the type actually is so we pick

23:06a number we pick two and we pick three

23:09it tells us that three is actually a

23:12string so that's why when we added

23:14originally three and two or two and

23:16three or whatever it was um it gave us

23:18just them added together so two and

23:21three rather than what it should be

23:22which is five okay now same thing here

23:26if we had a number and we wanted to

23:28convert it into a string all we would do

23:31is we would type Str Str around the

23:34number so for example three and then

23:36that would give us three just like that

23:39so A String so now we've kind of gone

23:42over a conversion of variables um

23:45conversion of numbers data types how to

23:47get input from the console using the

23:49input like this um and some basic

23:51operators of python so uh review this I

23:55hope you followed along and then in the

23:58next next lesson we'll move into some

23:59more advanced operators and we'll maybe

24:02start with conditions okay I hope you

24:04enjoyed uh please subscribe like the

24:06video and I'll see you in the next

24:14video hey guys uh welcome back to the

24:17third video in my Python Programming

24:19tutorial series um today we're going to

24:21be talking about something called

24:23conditions so I hope you remember from

24:25the other videos we talked about input

24:27printing we did variables data types and

24:31then we talked about operators so

24:32operators like plus minus um division

24:36integer division modulus right uh

24:38multiplication all those operators today

24:41we're going to be talking about a few

24:42more operators and then getting into

24:45conditions so here in my file right here

24:48um I've put down four basic comparison

24:51operators so pretty much a comparison is

24:54something that's going to return a value

24:56of true or false so here we have um

24:59let's say if a real world example is Tim

25:02equal to Joe well no they're not because

25:07Tim obviously spelled differently than

25:08Joe so that's going to be giving us a

25:10value of false um same thing if we want

25:13to go into numbers we say 18 is greater

25:16than two well is that true yes it is so

25:20that condition gives us a value of true

25:23uh it's a very simple concept but it's

25:25something that we have to understand as

25:26we go into decision Visions later on

25:29which will be in the next

25:30video okay so these comparison operators

25:33I'll read them off and just kind of give

25:34a definition of each of them so the

25:36first one can e be a less than or a

25:38greater than sign uh same thing with the

25:40second one right so it's just going to

25:42compare if something's less than greater

25:44than um usually these are used for

25:46integer values um that data type uh we

25:50also can use them for Strings but it's a

25:52little more complex and I'm not going to

25:54get into that right now maybe in a more

25:56advanced tutorial later on now the

25:59equivalent operator so the equal sign

26:02here now a lot of people think well if

26:04I'm comparing something why wouldn't I

26:06just use one equal sign like this well

26:08that's a very good question and a lot of

26:10people get mixed up on this it is

26:11actually two equal signs that's because

26:14in Python um the one equal sign is a

26:17declaration um declaration operator so

26:21for example if I put a variable X and I

26:24want to set it equal to four right um

26:27this is is what we do with the one equal

26:30sign we're setting values right so when

26:32we did name is equal to Tim things like

26:35that we're using one equal sign now if

26:38we're going to check something we're

26:39going to compare them we have to use two

26:41because two equal signs and one equal

26:44sign have a very different meaning so

26:46it's important to keep that in mind that

26:47the comparison operator for equivalency

26:49is two equal signs okay the next one is

26:53not equal to um so we have an

26:56exclamation mark and then we have the

26:58equal sign like this okay so an example

27:01of not equal to because some people may

27:03get confused here is say if four not

27:06equal to 5 oops what did I type

27:10there not equal to 5 okay so what do you

27:14think this would give us just think

27:16about it for a

27:17second well what it's actually going to

27:20return to us is true because the

27:23condition is if four is not equal to 5

27:28and here we can see obviously four is

27:30not equal to 5 so now again if I give

27:33another example we put five here we say

27:34five not equal to 5 well that would

27:37return a value of false because five is

27:40indeed equal to five now we can do the

27:43same thing with strings so for example

27:45we have hello oops spelled incorrectly

27:48there we go

27:50and Tim uh now you can probably guess by

27:55yourself that this is going to return

27:56true because him is indeed not equal to

28:00hello okay uh it's pretty

28:03straightforward um but a lot of people

28:05may get mixed up with the not equal to

28:07if it's returning true or false okay so

28:10those are the four basic comparison

28:11operators that we're going to use so we

28:13have equal to U not equal to and then

28:15greater than and less than so greater

28:17than and less than again we use for

28:19numbers so one less than two again

28:22that's going to return true like that

28:25okay so now um we're going to start

28:28printing from some things to the console

28:30and maybe doing a little bit of a quiz

28:32here um just to see how you guys are

28:34going to do so a booing condition I'm

28:37going to store it in a variable so I'm

28:39going to say name uh oops actually we're

28:41not going to do that we're just going to

28:42print to the

28:43console 2 less than

28:46three okay now you guys guess and uh

28:51tell me what you think is going to be

28:52returned to the console it's either

28:54going to be true or false I'll give you

28:55a hint right now

28:59now it gives us a value of true that's

29:01because this condition 2 is less than

29:04three um is true it's equal to three

29:08right um so now if we switch the sign

29:10and we make it greater than like that

29:13well you can guess what's going to come

29:14up so we click enter and we get false

29:18that's because this condition returns a

29:20value of

29:22false okay now we'll do another

29:24condition here all right um hello

29:28equal

29:30to Hilo okay um and guess yourself what

29:35this one's going to return false okay

29:38that's because they are spelled

29:40differently um now we're going to do the

29:41not equal sign just to show that one as

29:43well hello not equal to hello and we'll

29:46see that gives us true because they are

29:49not the same um fairly straightforward

29:52but a lot of people do get these things

29:53mixed up now I'll show you what happens

29:55when I try to just do one equal sign

29:58like

29:59this see we get keyword can't be an

30:03expression that's because we're trying

30:05to declare a variable here but we cannot

30:09do that okay because we're just using

30:11one equal sign here we need to use two

30:12all

30:13right okay so now let's try another

30:16example maybe a more advanced one uh

30:19this is a little bit of a trick okay I

30:20want to see if you guys remember from my

30:22last tutorial what I talked

30:26about so take a guess right now what you

30:29think is going to be returned you think

30:30it's going to be true or do you think

30:31it's going to be

30:32false well it was false okay um that's

30:36because again what we talked about in

30:37Python um capitals matter right so any

30:42capital letter is different than a

30:43lowercase letter so something like this

30:46um yeah it's going to return false all

30:48right it's important to understand that

30:50okay so we' very briefly uh gone into

30:53conditions now um I'm going to write a

30:55few on the side here you guys can go

30:56ahead um I'll put them in print

30:58statements and test yourself and see if

31:00you get them right or not

31:03okay I'm going to add a few tricks from

31:06the other lesson um try to kind of apply

31:08some of our

31:09knowledge and

31:12see if we can get them correct

31:16okay so just give me a minute here I'm

31:18just going to write a few

31:22out and then we'll go through the

31:24answers afterwards okay so you know what

31:26we'll just we'll just do these ones

31:28for right now and we'll do a few other

31:29examples okay so these are a little more

31:31advanced than what I was talking about

31:32before but they are conditions we have a

31:35left side of the condition and we have a

31:37right side of the condition so I hope

31:38you've taken a guess now of what you

31:40think these are going to be cuz I'm

31:41about to print out the answer right now

31:43Okay so we've gotten true false and

31:46false all right so for the first one two

31:49less than three that's an example I

31:51already gave that gives us a value of

31:53true because that condition is true uh

31:56now we have two - 3 + 4 greater than 5

32:01um so you can do the math there and see

32:02that that is going to be false and then

32:06this one some people may have gotten a

32:07little bit of a little bit confused on

32:09cuz I actually use the words false and

32:12true in my condition that's going to

32:14return false or true so I have print

32:17false equals equals true well is false

32:19the same thing as true no it's not so

32:21obviously we going to be returned with

32:23the value

32:24false Okay so we've talked a little bit

32:27about conditions now um in the next

32:29tutorial we're going to be doing

32:30something called decision so I'll give

32:32you a sneak peek on what that

32:34is something like this

32:38okay so stay tuned for that um the next

32:41episode should be up tomorrow um and

32:44yeah I hope you guys enjoyed the video

32:45go ahead like And subscribe and yeah

32:49share with your friends thanks

32:56bye hey guys guys uh welcome back to the

32:59fourth video in my Python Programming

33:02tutorial Series today we're going to be

33:03talking about decisions so we're going

33:05to be using the if else and L if

33:08statements in Python so pretty much I

33:11gave you a little example last time on

33:13what these are but if

33:16condition equals

33:19true then do this sorry not his do this

33:25okay so pretty much the syntax for the

33:28basic if statement which is what we are

33:30going to cover first is like this so if

33:33you remember my last tutorial I talked

33:35about conditions if you haven't seen

33:37that go back and look at that first

33:39because that's going to be an important

33:40part of today's lesson and you have to

33:42understand that so if condition is true

33:46then we are going to do this now let's

33:49just dig into the syntax a little bit

33:51here um so you're going to start with

33:52the keyword if then we're going to put a

33:55condition so the condition could be

33:57something like this if 1 is less than

34:00two if

34:03tree is equal

34:06to plant something like that okay

34:09anything that can return a true or false

34:11value you can use variable names you can

34:13say if x is equal to Y anything like

34:16that is condition and it uses a

34:19conditional operator like I talked about

34:21in the last video and then you are going

34:24to end your condition with a semicolon

34:28or sorry not a semicolon like this with

34:29a regular colon and then you going to

34:31Simply click enter and it should tab you

34:34in one line now it's very important that

34:36you have this

34:38indentation um if you have your code

34:40like this it's not going to work python

34:43reads the lines because of indentation

34:45so it's very important that you have

34:47whatever statements you want to run

34:49after the condition returns true

34:51indented properly and this will also be

34:54very important as we move further on in

34:56different tutorials and we have have

34:58lots of different indentation levels

35:00within the program okay so let's do a

35:02real example now instead of uh this kind

35:05of pseudo code here so we'll start off

35:07by just getting some input from the user

35:09so let's say let's get their age okay so

35:13age is equal to input like this and then

35:16just if you put something inside of the

35:18input like this uh it actually gives a

35:20prompt to the user so we'll say

35:23input your

35:26AG like that

35:28and then we will say if the age is equal

35:35to 16 then we will print to the

35:40screen hey

35:43your oops 16 like that

35:47okay um all right so let's go ahead and

35:50just test it out right away I know I

35:51haven't really explained it but I just

35:53want to show you how this

35:55works okay so we have input put your age

35:58so I'll say two as my age and we can see

36:02that nothing happens okay um now I want

36:06to show you one more I hope you've

36:07caught this trick already from what I

36:09talked about in the last videos but

36:10we'll see now you notice here I'm going

36:12to put in

36:1416 and nothing's going to happen now the

36:17reason for that is because

36:1916 here is different than the 16 that we

36:23get from age if you remember whenever

36:26we're getting a number or anything from

36:27the console we actually get it as a

36:29string so this 16 that we're getting

36:32actually looks like this now in Python

36:34again we have different data types right

36:36so this is an integer data type well

36:38this is a string so when we're comparing

36:40integers and strings um they're

36:42different so we have to

36:43convert our age variable into an integer

36:46before we can compare it like that okay

36:49now we'll try

36:50again say if int age equals 16 so now we

36:54put 16 in and says hey you're 16 like

36:57that okay

36:58um perfect so that's pretty

37:00straightforward um now we can also do

37:03some other conditions so let's do a

37:05greater than 16 now okay so this is

37:08another conditional operator that we

37:09talked about before um and yeah we'll go

37:12ahead we'll try it now so we'll say

37:1415 now nothing happened because

37:16obviously 15 is not greater than

37:1916 now if we put in

37:2217 it works okay great

37:27um all right and also uh I just want to

37:29show you there's another operator that

37:31we didn't talk about last time a

37:32conditional operator and it's the

37:34greater than or equal to and the less

37:36than or equal to so to convert your um

37:40greater than sign into a greater than or

37:42equal to sign all you have to do is add

37:43an equal sign like this and now anything

37:47greater than or equal to 16 will work

37:50whereas before it had to be strictly

37:52greater than 16 and same thing with the

37:54less than sign like that okay uh I just

37:57forgot to talk about in the other video

37:58so I figured I'd put it in here all

38:01right um great so let's go into another

38:04example then so let's say um it's great

38:08it's telling us we're

38:0916 um or let's in this case we're going

38:12to

38:13be older than 16 right so hey you're

38:17older than 16 but what if we want to

38:20message when we are younger than 16 well

38:24the way to do this is using something

38:26called an lse statement so the Syntax

38:28for this uh it simply has to come after

38:30an if statement you can't just leave

38:32your own else statement like this that

38:34will not work it has to be after an if

38:37statement is placed and then all you

38:38have to do is put a call in and click

38:41enter and make sure the indentation is

38:43the same as the indentation for the

38:45first

38:46if okay so now we're just going to

38:50print you are younger than

38:5516 okay and we can go ahead we can try

38:57this to see if the else is going to work

39:00and we say well we're 15 and you are

39:03younger than 16

39:05great okay um so just to explain this a

39:09little more how this really works when

39:11we're reading through the code well

39:12python reads code line by line like this

39:16now when it reaches this if statement it

39:18checks this condition to see if it is

39:20true or false so since this condition um

39:24was false in the last example we say if

39:26false it says Okay so we're not going to

39:28run this line of code we're going to

39:30skip to the else statement and we're

39:32going to do this okay so if we had typed

39:35anything in that does not return true so

39:38makes this condition not return true

39:40then it would go to this else statement

39:43like this okay um yeah and then same

39:47thing say we type in a number 17 um and

39:50that is greater than 16 it's not going

39:52to do the L statement it's just going to

39:54do the if statement okay um I hope that

39:56makes sense

39:57now we're going to go into another layer

40:00okay so let's get into a new example

40:02here um let's talk

40:06about height for a roller coaster okay

40:08so for some roller coasters uh you have

40:10to be taller than a certain height and

40:12you actually can't be too tall right so

40:15again we'll get the input from the

40:17console so we'll just say height is

40:20equal to input and we're just going to

40:23do this in meters like 1 meter 2 meter 3

40:25meter just to make it really easy okay I

40:27know that's not a realistic height but

40:28just for the purpose of this example so

40:31we say height is equal to input um again

40:34we have to remember that when we're

40:36going to check the condition we have to

40:38make sure we put it in the int because

40:40as we get it from the console it's going

40:41to be a string okay so we'll say if

40:43height is less than 1

40:47M we're going to say you cannot ride so

40:50we're going to print to the

40:52screen you cannot ride okay now we only

40:57want to allow the user to ride if their

41:00height is in between 1 M but less than 2

41:05m okay so as you can see I've introduced

41:08a new word here called L if all right so

41:11this means if this condition up here is

41:15false then we're going to go to this one

41:17we're going to check if this condition

41:19is true or false if it's true we're

41:20going to run whatever's in here um

41:23otherwise we're going to keep going so

41:25you can have as many l ifs as you

41:28possibly want um in a decision statement

41:32like this okay um you can only have one

41:35else though because else is just the

41:36default so anything you type in um that

41:39doesn't equal any of these statements so

41:41like if isn't true Al if isn't true the

41:43other L if isn't true then it'll go to

41:45the lse statement okay so L if the

41:51height is so if it's less than one you

41:54can't ride and if it is greater greater

41:57than two you also can't ride so we're

42:01going to

42:03say you cannot ride I'm going to say and

42:08we'll say over 2 m and then we'll put

42:12here just so we can distinct them under

42:16one meter okay and then now we're going

42:19to add in the lse statement like this

42:21and we're going to say

42:23print you can write okay so I know I

42:27just did a lot there so we'll go through

42:29it quickly we pretty much have a

42:32condition up here we already talked

42:33about the if statement so if this

42:35condition is true we're going to print

42:37this and we're going to skip everything

42:39else we're not even going to bother

42:40reading it because we know that it's not

42:42going to be any of those conditions okay

42:44so now we do the L if here right so we

42:47say well if this condition is false

42:49we're going to go ahead and we're going

42:51to check this condition so we say oh

42:53well this one's true so then we're going

42:54to execute this line of code which is

42:56the print and we're not not going to do

42:57this else statement now say we go

43:00through these two and they're both false

43:02okay so this returned false and this

43:04return false then we're going to go to

43:06the else and we're automatically just

43:08going to print whatever is in the else

43:10statement like that okay so we'll go

43:12ahead uh we'll run the program and we'll

43:15try it out make sure I haven't made any

43:17errors here okay so the input um I

43:19didn't give a prompt so I'm just going

43:20to type in the height uh a number all

43:22right so we'll say

43:25one you can ride great okay um that is

43:29because again we have the strictly less

43:31than sign now if we wanted it to be you

43:34have to be over one foot we just put an

43:36equal sign here and then same thing here

43:39okay so we'll do that and now I'll show

43:40you again if I put in one you cannot

43:46ride under 1

43:47meter okay so less than or equal to one

43:50right okay um let's try again now we'll

43:53do it maybe a number greater than two so

43:56let's say put four it says you cannot

43:58ride because you are over 2 m and then

44:01again if we do like a decimal number

44:03maybe uh

44:051.1 Okay so we've run into an error

44:08there that's fine just because we can't

44:09convert a floating decimal point into an

44:11integer but yeah I hope you get the

44:13point from that example here um these

44:15are just the basic if L if and L

44:18statements I'll do one more just to show

44:19you here we could do another L if here

44:21saying for example um if in

44:25height is equal to remember we do two

44:27equal signs right not one then we're

44:30going to

44:31say

44:34print while you are

44:38tall okay so as you can see we can do

44:41infinite elf State L if statements like

44:43this and we can only have one lse

44:45statement and one if statement at the

44:47beginning

44:48okay uh so we'll run this one just to

44:50show you one more time how this works

44:52I'll put in five so

44:54five uh you cannot write over two 2 m

44:57okay so that's because what actually

44:59happened here is we went if we checked

45:01this condition now it turns out that um

45:05five is greater than two so we did this

45:07one and we didn't bother reading the

45:08rest now if I wanted to change this uh

45:11so that it would check the five first

45:14all I would have to do is put this LF

45:16statement I'll do it right

45:17now above the other L if

45:21statement like this and

45:25now if I type in 5 it'll work wow you

45:29are

45:29tall okay so uh that's it for the if L

45:34if and L statements um in the next

45:36tutorial we're going to go into

45:37something called chain conditionals and

45:39do some more advanced examples of this

45:41we're going to do some addition

45:42subtraction and some more things with

45:43other operators okay so I hope you

45:46enjoyed um please don't forget to like

45:49And subscribe the video and I'll see you

45:51again tomorrow in another video

45:59hey guys uh welcome back to another

46:01video this is the fifth video in my

46:03Python Programming series and today

46:05we're going to be talking about chained

46:07conditionals and nested if statements um

46:11so pretty much chained conditionals are

46:12just adding multiple conditions in one

46:16uh one line with using words like and

46:19and or okay uh we also have keyword not

46:23that we're going to talk about as well

46:24so if you haven't seen the last videos

46:27in my series go ahead and get watch

46:29those now because they are prerequisite

46:30for this video all right so let's get

46:33right ahead and start um so if you

46:35remember before we have something called

46:36conditions so for example if we have the

46:38variable X I'll set that to two and the

46:40variable Y which is equal to three we

46:42could have a condition like xal equal y

46:45now obviously we know from the last

46:47video that this is going to give us a

46:48value of

46:50false oops and I cannot type today sorry

46:54um and that is because two is not equal

46:57to three pretty straightforward I hope

46:59you have all understood that from the

47:00last video all right so what we want to

47:03do in this now is we're going to want to

47:04check multiple conditions um so we'll

47:07put a condition here so if x is equal to

47:10Y and then we can put a word in like

47:13this the and word um now we'll add

47:16another condition so if x +

47:19y is equal to 5 Okay so this first

47:25condition is going to give us a value of

47:26false so if x is equal to Y because they

47:28are not the same but now x + y does

47:32indeed equal 5 so that is going to give

47:34us a value of true so where I'm

47:36highlighting we have true and then where

47:38I'm highlighting now again we have false

47:41so because we have the keyword and this

47:43if statement is not going to run so I'll

47:46put a print here just to show you we're

47:49going to print out true or let's just

47:52say

47:53ran and you'll see when I run the

47:55program nothing is going to happen

47:56happen that is because when we use the

47:59and keyword it means both conditions on

48:01either side must be true so if we change

48:04this to something like if Y is equal to

48:083 now that is going to be

48:11true and we'll print out

48:14ran okay so that's pretty basic now

48:16let's do the or keyword so we'll put or

48:19right here and we'll change this

48:22condition back to if Y is equal to X and

48:24now take a guess on what you think is

48:26going to happen well pretty much with

48:29the or keyword it means either of the

48:32conditions have to be true so if Y is

48:35equal to X or x + y is equal to 5 then

48:39we are going to run this line now since

48:42X+ y does equal 5 we have a true here

48:45and again Y is not equal to X so we have

48:47a false and you'll see that the program

48:49is going to run that's because only one

48:51of the condition conditions has to be

48:54true for it to run

48:56okay so that is the and in the OR

48:58keyword they are pretty straightforward

49:00and pretty basic now I'd like to point

49:02out that you can actually add as many

49:05conditions as You' like so now I can

49:06have an or I can have an and um I could

49:09have another condition I could do as

49:11many as I'd possibly can imagine as many

49:13as I'd like to do um so now we'll put an

49:16lse statement in here and we'll change

49:19this just a little bit to use another

49:23keyword we'll just put a side face here

49:25to show that we didn't run it that we

49:28ran the else okay um so now there's

49:30something called the not word okay so

49:32we're going to put not right here around

49:34it and then I will show you what it does

49:36so pretty much not reverses anything

49:39that you have inside of the brackets of

49:42the knot so in here we have if Y is

49:44equal to X or x + y is equal to 5 so we

49:48know again that this gives us a value of

49:50true um so now since true is inside of

49:53the KN true becomes false now we have if

49:58false um so obviously that's going to

50:00bring us to the else statement um which

50:02is going to print the sad face so I'll

50:04show you that that does indeed work so

50:08we have the sad face right now if we

50:10change these so that both of these

50:11conditions are false you'll see that we

50:14have false false um which is going to

50:16give us an overall value of false um and

50:19then we're going to have the not which

50:20is going to change that into a true and

50:22will allow us to run it just like that

50:25ran um um so yeah so that's how the not

50:29the and and the ore work uh and now

50:31let's get into nested Loops or sorry not

50:34nested Loops Nest nested if statements

50:37so we'll do a basic if statement here if

50:39x is equal to

50:422 um if Y is equal to

50:463 um and then we'll add our

50:49El's like this and we'll put some print

50:53statements in here

50:58okay uh just give me a second while I

51:00type out the print statements and then

51:02we will go into what this is going to

51:06do x = 2 and Y = 3 um so you may have

51:12guessed already but pretty much we can

51:15actually add as many if statements

51:17embedded or nested as we'd like so I

51:19could add another if statement here and

51:21just constantly keep checking um now the

51:24reason I showed you chain conditionals

51:26is because if I didn't want to go

51:28through the hassle of adding all of

51:29these uh nested statements I could just

51:33do an and right here and check for

51:35another condition but sometimes we do

51:37want to do uh nested statements so we'll

51:39say here x = 2 y does not

51:44equal uh what is it

51:46three okay so uh I know I just did that

51:49pretty quickly but let's walk through it

51:50now so we have if x is equal to 2 then

51:54we're going to run whatever is in here

51:56because it is indented uh so now we come

51:59in here and we say well is y equal to 3

52:02let's say it is now we're going to print

52:03out this statement and we're going to be

52:05done with this loop with this uh bit of

52:08codes we're going to skip down to the

52:09end of the program where we have nothing

52:11else um then so let's say we do another

52:13example X is equal to 2 but y equal 4 so

52:17that means we're actually going to run

52:18the else which means now we've got print

52:21X is equal to 2 but y does not equal 3

52:25and then the last case is X is not equal

52:27to 2 so we don't even bother checking if

52:30Y is equal to 3 we just go down and we

52:32print X does not equal 2 so we'll change

52:35around the variables and we'll show you

52:36how this works just very

52:38quickly so we can see X is equal to 2

52:41and Y is equal to 3 that is because

52:43obviously up here two and three now if I

52:44want to change Y and we change it to

52:47four we get X is equal to two but Y is

52:51not equal to three so that means we ran

52:54this one in here now let's change it so

52:57that X is equal to 4 as

53:00well and we can see we get X does not

53:03equal

53:042 all right so that's uh the basics on

53:08nested statements and chained

53:10conditionals I hope you found this video

53:12helpful um stay tuned for more videos

53:15we're going to be getting into some more

53:16advanced topics and in the next video

53:18we're going to be covering

53:20Loops um yeah so if you like the video

53:23uh please subscribe and like and I'll

53:25see you in the next one

53:33hey guys welcome back to another video

53:36this is the sixth video in my Python

53:38Programming series and today we're going

53:40to be talking about for Loops again if

53:42you missed the other videos in the

53:44series please go back and watch them

53:45first as it's going to be hard to

53:47understand if you haven't seen them

53:48already Okay so let's get right into it

53:51today we're going to be talking about

53:52four Loops um and a loop is a new thing

53:54now if you're a beginner in Python and

53:56I'll talk about how they work we're

53:57going to start off by just writing one

53:59out um getting right into it with the

54:01syntax so 4X in

54:05range and then we're going to put a

54:07number which is going to be our starting

54:08position so in this case I'm going to

54:10put zero um and then a stop point so 10

54:14okay and then we're simply going to

54:16print out X now I know we did this

54:18pretty quickly but let's talk about what

54:22this is and the syntax so a for Loop is

54:25going to run

54:26a certain amount of times so in this

54:29case we're going to start at zero and

54:32we're going to go to 10 this means the

54:34for Loop is actually going to run 10

54:37times so what's going to happen is we

54:40are going to have our variable X which

54:42is right here and every time the for

54:45Loop runs X is going to be increased by

54:48one now we can increase it by more if

54:51we'd like to by adding another comma

54:53here but by default it is set to one

54:56like this I've just put it in so that

54:57you can visualize it so really we have

55:00something start a

55:03stop Oops stop and an end start stop

55:07step sorry my bad and I'll just put

55:09commas here to show you how it works so

55:12you can see we have our zero that's our

55:13starting number our stop which is 10 and

55:16our step which is going to be one so I

55:20know you don't quite understand yet but

55:22you will after I show you a few examples

55:24so we have X is our variable which is

55:26going to be holding the number um of

55:29what iteration we are through now

55:31iteration uh just means how many times

55:34we've already looped through this Loop

55:37okay so let's uh do an example here all

55:40right so we have X and we've just

55:42started running this for Loop now right

55:44now X is zero we're going to print X

55:47we're going to print zero to the screen

55:49and then we're going to add one to X now

55:52this time we come through the loop we

55:54say well is X less than 10 yes it is so

55:57now we're going to print x x is one now

55:59we're adding um two okay so now X is 2

56:03is 2 less than 10 yes 2 is less than 10

56:06so let's print two okay and we keep

56:09going until eventually we print nine

56:12then X has one added to it so it becomes

56:1510 well 10 is not less than 10 so we're

56:18not going to print out 10 all right I

56:20know I just talked a lot there but let's

56:22see it in

56:24action all right so just like I said we

56:28print out the numbers 0 through 9 now

56:31this may seem weird um because I have

56:33the value 10 here so you'd say well why

56:35doesn't it print out 10 it's because of

56:37the way the loop works so like I said

56:40really what's Happening Here is this um

56:43plus equals 1 so pretty much this means

56:45we're just adding one to the variable X

56:48um you can also write it like this x =

56:51x + 1 like that all right so we print

56:55out X and then we add one to X and we

56:58have to be less than 10 for this Loop to

57:00run so on the ninth iteration we have

57:02well 9 is equal to 9 + 1 so X is equal

57:06to 9 + 1 uh we get the value 10 now

57:08again 10 is not less than 10 so we are

57:11not going to print out 10 um yeah so

57:15that's pretty much how a for Loop Works

57:19um it's pretty basic this is the syntax

57:21we have four and then a variable name so

57:24this doesn't have to be X we could use

57:25anything we'd like to use could use

57:27hello I could use um any other word it

57:31could be as long as I want as short as I

57:32want doesn't matter um then we have the

57:35word in which is highlighted in Orange

57:38and then range now the range takes a

57:41different amount of arguments pretty

57:43much an argument is whatever is inside

57:44this brackets so like at the beginning

57:46how I showed you we just did zero and 10

57:48this means we have a start and we have a

57:51stop so we start at zero and we go to 10

57:56now I can also I can actually put one

57:58argument in here like this 10 and that

58:01just means that we just have a stop so

58:03by default python will say well we're

58:05just going to start at zero and we're

58:07going to step by one now I haven't

58:09showed you the step yet so we'll do that

58:12um so again we're going to start at zero

58:13we're going to stop at 10 and we're

58:15going to step This Time by two now what

58:17step is is how much we add to X every

58:20time so before I showed you we had x = x

58:23+ 1 um in this case since the step is is

58:26two it's going to be by two like that

58:28okay um so let's go ahead let's run

58:32this we have 0 2 4 6 8 and you notice

58:37how we again do not print out 10 because

58:3910 is not less than 10 okay again uh

58:43we'll do another example with the step

58:44let's put five in this time now you can

58:47guess what's going to

58:49happen 05 it actually only prints out

58:52two things because we start at zero so

58:55we print 0 and then we add five we get

58:58five now 5 + 5 again is not less than 10

59:00so we are not going to print out 10 okay

59:03so that is the tutorial on the for loop

59:06we're going to do another type of for

59:08Loop where we're going to use something

59:09called a list a little bit later on but

59:11right now we're just using this one this

59:13is the basic one I encourage you to play

59:15around with it yourself um and yeah so

59:19if you like the video please go ahead

59:21and like it and subscribe and I will see

59:23you again for another video thanks

59:32goodbye hey guys welcome back to the

59:34seventh video in my Python Programming

59:37Series today we're going to be talking

59:39about wow Loops so in the last video we

59:41talked about for loops and before that

59:42we talked a lot about conditions um so

59:45it's going to be important to understand

59:46those things before we can move on today

59:48to this video so if you haven't seen

59:49those videos go back in my channel and

59:52check those out first okay so let's get

59:55right into it today we're going to be

59:56talking about while Loops so let's first

59:58of all just put an example down and get

1:00:00the syntax okay so we have while

1:00:04condition then we are going to do what

1:00:08is ever is inside the loop so it seems

1:00:10simple

1:00:11enough um but they can get fairly

1:00:14complex um so well condition is equal to

1:00:19uh

1:00:19true so for example this condition here

1:00:22this could be a variable um well that is

1:00:25equal to true then we're going to do

1:00:27whatever is inside of this Loop so again

1:00:30we keep talking about conditions um

1:00:32they're very important in Python we

1:00:35really need to understand them before we

1:00:36can move into more complex topics okay

1:00:40so uh well condition equal to true we're

1:00:42going to do whatever is in this Loop so

1:00:44how does this really

1:00:45work well uh pretty much what happens is

1:00:50we have the W Loop here we have the

1:00:51condition so this is true this means

1:00:53we're going to do this now what happens

1:00:55is we actually come back up to the top

1:00:56after we've done this and we say well is

1:00:58this condition still true um well yes it

1:01:00is so that means now we're going to do

1:01:02this again and we just continuously do

1:01:05this until eventually the condition is

1:01:07equal to false or we have a keyword

1:01:10appear called

1:01:12Break like this now I'll do an example

1:01:15so we can understand this but this is

1:01:16just the basic syntax we have while we

1:01:18have a condition and then we have a

1:01:20colon followed by an indented block

1:01:22which will be whatever is going to run

1:01:24okay so let's start off by using a

1:01:26variable we're going to just call it

1:01:27loop we're going to set it equal to true

1:01:30now we're going to make our while loop

1:01:32we're going to say while loop um Now by

1:01:36just putting a loop here it defaults to

1:01:38say while loop is equal to false um

1:01:41putting Loop there is the exact same

1:01:42thing as typing this um it's just

1:01:44shorter to put Loop instead of doing the

1:01:46equals equals true okay we're going to

1:01:50get some input from the console so we're

1:01:52going to say name is equal to input and

1:01:56then I'm just going to put in here uh

1:01:57insert

1:01:59something

1:02:01okay and then we're going to put an if

1:02:03statement which we talked about in

1:02:04another video so if you haven't seen

1:02:05that go back and check that out we're

1:02:07going to say if name is equal to

1:02:11stop um then we are going to break out

1:02:15of the loop by typing break or we could

1:02:18also do this we could set the condition

1:02:21equal to false so we set the variable up

1:02:23here equal to false now I know I just

1:02:24typed a lot there so let's um talk about

1:02:27what really is going to happen so we

1:02:29have our condition we say while loop is

1:02:31equal to True um right now we set it

1:02:32equal to True up at the top so it's

1:02:34going to automatically run at least once

1:02:37now we get input from the console um and

1:02:40store it in the variable name now we

1:02:42have a basic if statement here that

1:02:44pretty much says if name is equal to

1:02:46stop well then we're going to stop the

1:02:48loop um and we're going to break out of

1:02:50it otherwise we're going to keep asking

1:02:53the user for to insert something until

1:02:56eventually they type stop so let's see

1:02:58how this all

1:03:00works okay so insert something I say one

1:03:04123 it didn't like that once me insert

1:03:06something again I say we okay what about

1:03:09hello keeps going okay now I'm going to

1:03:11type

1:03:13stop and you see that the program stops

1:03:16running okay so again I'll show you that

1:03:19we can do this by just setting the

1:03:21variable equal to

1:03:23false same thing again if I type hi

1:03:26keeps going I type stop it's going to

1:03:29stop and then maybe if we get rid of the

1:03:32variable here we can also just type in

1:03:34the word

1:03:35break like that and same thing again if

1:03:38I type in some random things and then I

1:03:40type stop it stops okay so pretty much

1:03:44the way that the break keyword works is

1:03:47by simply saying okay are we inside any

1:03:50Loops right now um it checks whatever

1:03:52Loop you're inside so right now we're

1:03:54inside the while loop and it says okay

1:03:56well I've this line has now run so what

1:03:58we're going to do is we're going to get

1:03:59out of the loop so it pretty much will

1:04:01now start reading from the next blank

1:04:04line in the file um meaning that it's

1:04:07going to get out of this Loop um and

1:04:10just continue going down the

1:04:12program okay and that's pretty much it

1:04:15for Wow Loops we can talk a little bit

1:04:17more about why we would use a w Loop

1:04:19instead of using a for Loop um the

1:04:21reason we might use a w Loop is for

1:04:23something like this so for example if

1:04:24you want to ask someone to insert a

1:04:27password so we have password like this

1:04:31um and we'll just change this variable

1:04:32with password so pass for short um and

1:04:36now maybe we wanted to check we wanted

1:04:38to say um well oops well let's just do

1:04:42password because pass is a keyword in

1:04:43Python I forgot about that um password

1:04:47and we want to make sure that the

1:04:48password has for example at least one

1:04:51letter in it well we're going to keep

1:04:53asking the user to re-input their

1:04:55password until it meets these certain

1:04:58criteria so for example it might have to

1:05:00have one Capital it might have to have

1:05:03one letter in it uh it may have to have

1:05:05a few numbers something like that right

1:05:07so we would keep asking the user for a

1:05:09password um until they gave it to us

1:05:11correctly now the reason we wouldn't use

1:05:13a for Loop for this is because a for

1:05:15Loop um usually we know how long we want

1:05:18to run the for Loop for um that's why we

1:05:21put a number in the range so for example

1:05:22we put 10 or we put 12 while as a w Loop

1:05:25we don't know how long we're going to

1:05:27run it for so for example someone could

1:05:29get the password first try like they

1:05:31could put it incorrectly um with the

1:05:33right criteria or it could take them 30

1:05:34tries right we don't know how long it's

1:05:36going to take them okay so that's it for

1:05:40today's video um if you like the video

1:05:42please like it and subscribe and I will

1:05:45see you again tomor tomorrow with a uh

1:05:48new

1:05:54video hey guys guys welcome back to the

1:05:56eth video in my Python Programming

1:05:59Series today we're going to be talking

1:06:00about lists now lists can be fairly

1:06:03complex uh but they are a very important

1:06:05part of python and they are very

1:06:08important to understand so a list is

1:06:10another data type so before we talked

1:06:13about strings integers booleans and

1:06:15floating decimal points so floats um and

1:06:18today we're going to talk about list so

1:06:19lists again are their own data type so

1:06:21let's just start off by doing an example

1:06:23right now so pretty much uh a list which

1:06:26is denoted by the square brackets here

1:06:29uh is a collection of different data

1:06:31types it could be the same data types or

1:06:33it can be different data types so for an

1:06:35example I'm going to put a apple in here

1:06:38in my list I'm going to put a comma and

1:06:39I'm going to add another item so maybe

1:06:41we'll put a pair and then maybe we'll

1:06:43put a number as well okay so we have the

1:06:46list fruits and in the list we have

1:06:49three items um now everything here

1:06:52separated by a comma is known as an item

1:06:54so for an example our apple is an item

1:06:58our pair is an item and the integer

1:07:00three is an item now you can see that

1:07:02they're all different data types or

1:07:04sorry there is different data types we

1:07:06have two strings and we have one integer

1:07:08value um now this is fine you can store

1:07:11um different data types in one

1:07:14list um okay so now let's just print the

1:07:17list to the console so we can see what

1:07:20it looks

1:07:21like print it out and you'll see we

1:07:24simply get what exactly what we we've

1:07:25typed uh into the idle so we get apple

1:07:29pair and 3 now if we want to access an

1:07:33individual item in the list we need to

1:07:35do something um a little different so

1:07:38right now we just printed out the whole

1:07:40list but say we want to just print out

1:07:42pair um now what we're going to do is

1:07:45we're going to use the square brackets

1:07:47so we're going to do the list name so

1:07:48fruits and then we're going to put

1:07:50square brackets right beside it no

1:07:52spaces and then inside of the square

1:07:54brackets we're going to type in what's

1:07:55known as the indic of that item um so

1:07:58the way indices work in Python is when

1:08:01you create a list everything is

1:08:02automatically assigned in indic um so in

1:08:05this list we have indices 0 through two

1:08:08now it may seem weird that we start at

1:08:10zero instead of one but that's just the

1:08:11way that computers count um and the way

1:08:13that they work so we have to understand

1:08:15that apple is going to be assigned the

1:08:17integer value of zero so the indic zero

1:08:20meaning I would put zero in here if I

1:08:22wanted to access Apple because that's

1:08:24the first element

1:08:26in our list and then we have pair so

1:08:29that's the second element or item um now

1:08:32that's actually going to be represented

1:08:33by one here so fruits one will give us

1:08:36the value of pair and then fruits two

1:08:38will give us the value of three um now

1:08:42this is uh sometimes difficult for some

1:08:44people to understand but just really try

1:08:45to remember that the first item always

1:08:48is zero so if you would like to access

1:08:50the second item in your list you're

1:08:53going to type in one um into to the

1:08:56indic thing here okay so I'm just going

1:08:57to run this and show you how this

1:08:59works and you see we get pair okay

1:09:02that's because um we have the first

1:09:04indic which represents the second item

1:09:08which is

1:09:09pair okay um now there's some other

1:09:12things we can do with list as well so if

1:09:14we want to add something to our list

1:09:17there's a few ways that we can do it um

1:09:20the first way uh which is the only one

1:09:22I'm going to show you right now is

1:09:24probably the easiest and simply what

1:09:25we're going to type is fruits followed

1:09:28by the dot uh so a DOT a period and then

1:09:31we're going to type a pend okay now this

1:09:34means to add to the end of the list so

1:09:38inside of a pen I'm going to put the

1:09:40element or the item that I'd like to add

1:09:42so say we want to add uh another fruit

1:09:45let's think of another fruit that we

1:09:46could add maybe a

1:09:48strawberry okay we want to add

1:09:50strawberry into the list I'm just going

1:09:51to get rid of three so it makes more

1:09:53sense okay so right now in our list up

1:09:55here we have fruits which is a variable

1:09:57name um containing the list that has

1:10:00Apple and pear now we want to add

1:10:02strawberry to the list so let's start

1:10:04off by printing the list before we add

1:10:06it so we'll print off fruits and then

1:10:09we're going to print fruits one more

1:10:11time after we add this item to the

1:10:16list and you see we have the first list

1:10:19which is what we defined originally and

1:10:21then when we added or appended

1:10:23strawberry to the end of it it added it

1:10:25in just like this so that is a way that

1:10:28we are able to add things into a list um

1:10:31by using dot append now there is another

1:10:35way um it's known as the slice operator

1:10:37using something called insert um but

1:10:40we're not going to do that right now

1:10:41we're going to talk about the slice

1:10:42operator in a later tutorial so stay

1:10:44tuned for that okay so fruits. append

1:10:48we've added strawberry um now if we

1:10:50wanted to add another item we could do

1:10:51the same thing and we could do append

1:10:53again and we could put in another fruit

1:10:56maybe we want to put in a blueberry okay

1:10:59just like that and again we'll see that

1:11:01it does the same thing we have apple

1:11:04pear and then apple pear strawberry

1:11:06blueberry okay um all right so that's it

1:11:10for adding to the list um now what about

1:11:14changing something in our list uh so

1:11:17let's just add right here at the

1:11:19beginning we'll put in Strawberry so we

1:11:22have three items and now let's say we

1:11:24want to change the middle item in our

1:11:26list to a different fruit say we don't

1:11:28like pairs we want to remove it we want

1:11:30to change that so what we're going to do

1:11:31is we're simply going to type the um the

1:11:34name again so fruits followed by the

1:11:36square brackets and then the indic of

1:11:38the item you want to change um so again

1:11:40remember if we want to change pair we're

1:11:42going to use the Indy one um not two

1:11:45because this is the way that it works

1:11:46we're going to use one and then we're

1:11:48going to change it to whatever we'd like

1:11:49to change it to so say I want to change

1:11:51it to Blueberry I can do that like so

1:11:55and then again we can print out fruits

1:11:59and we'll see if it

1:12:01works okay so we get apple blueberry and

1:12:04strawberry that's because we''ve changed

1:12:07uh the item at indic one into blueberry

1:12:11and we've replaced that we replaced Paar

1:12:14with blueberry pretty

1:12:16much okay um so that's how that works

1:12:19for list for changing items again um we

1:12:23you lists are very useful for storing

1:12:25large amounts of information so this is

1:12:28a very small list but in many programs

1:12:30we use something called

1:12:32multi-dimensional list uh which I'm

1:12:34going to talk about again in another

1:12:36tutorial um and yeah so one more thing

1:12:39before we end it here uh there's another

1:12:41data type called a tuple so a tupal um

1:12:45it's kind of hard word to pronounce but

1:12:46it's used for coordinates and it's also

1:12:50used um for things like colors and

1:12:53rectangles um it can also be used just

1:12:55to hold information as well but it's a

1:12:58different type of data type um than a

1:12:59list so we're going to talk about it

1:13:01quickly uh okay so a tuple pretty much

1:13:03looks like this so if we set a position

1:13:07and we set it equal to something like

1:13:10this not in square brackets in the

1:13:12regular round brackets and then we

1:13:14simply put um the items in like this now

1:13:17we see we get um it looks very similar

1:13:20to a list the way that it works again we

1:13:22can use different data types so I could

1:13:23put something like hello in here as well

1:13:25well um but it does function a little

1:13:27differently and again things like colors

1:13:29we would also store in a tuple so we

1:13:31would use like 255 255 255 that's simply

1:13:34white in uh red green blue colors and

1:13:37again if we print out the

1:13:39type of the

1:13:42color you can see that we get a class

1:13:46tupal okay so I'm not going to go too in

1:13:48depth with the tuples here I just wanted

1:13:50you to understand what they are because

1:13:52we may be using them in some later

1:13:53tutorials okay so I hope you learned how

1:13:55to use lists and a little bit about tups

1:13:58today they're going to be important in

1:13:59the next tutorial um so yeah I hope you

1:14:03enjoyed if you did please like And

1:14:05subscribe and I will see you in the next

1:14:12video hey guys welcome back uh today

1:14:15we're doing the ninth video in my Python

1:14:17Programming series and today we're going

1:14:19to be talking more uh more about for

1:14:22Loops so a more advanced type of for

1:14:24Loop in terms terms of iterating through

1:14:26a list so you may remember a few videos

1:14:28ago we talked about for loops and I

1:14:30mentioned that there are two main type

1:14:32of for Loops that we can use um and the

1:14:34one that we talked about there was

1:14:36looked like this so we had for X in

1:14:39range and then we had a range like this

1:14:43and we simply printed out the numbers

1:14:47like this so we see we got 1 to 10 just

1:14:49like that okay uh so that was the for

1:14:52Loop we talked about there um but the

1:14:53one we're going to be doing today is is

1:14:55a little bit different so I'll leave

1:14:56this here for an example uh so the first

1:14:58thing we need to do is we need to make a

1:15:00list because we're actually going to be

1:15:01iterating through every item or every

1:15:04element in the list so again I'm just

1:15:06going to use the same example I used in

1:15:08the other video fruits and I'm going to

1:15:09make it equal to we're going to have

1:15:13apples

1:15:15pears and strawberries strawberries just

1:15:19like that okay so we have our fruits

1:15:21here and now um we're going to get right

1:15:24into the syntax for this new for Loop so

1:15:26we're going to do four and then any

1:15:29variable name we'd like so in this case

1:15:30I'm going to use fruit and then we're

1:15:32going to use the keyword in once again

1:15:35and then instead of typing range this

1:15:37time we're going to type the name of the

1:15:39list we want to iterate through so in

1:15:40this case it's going to be called fruits

1:15:43just like that and now um we can print

1:15:48out the fruit sorry the fruit just like

1:15:52that so pretty much what is going to

1:15:55happen is we have a list with three

1:15:57items in it we have apples pears and

1:16:01strawberries now we want to print every

1:16:04fruit in that list so we do that by

1:16:07saying for fruit in fruits meaning for

1:16:10every item in fruits so one two and

1:16:14three items we simply want to print out

1:16:17that fruit so this Loop is going to run

1:16:18three times and we're just going to

1:16:20print out every fruit inside of the list

1:16:24just like this

1:16:26and there you go we have apples pears

1:16:28and strawberries just like

1:16:30that um so yeah that's pretty much how

1:16:33you can iterate through a list and same

1:16:36thing if I want to add more elements to

1:16:37the list so 8 um 90 just like that again

1:16:42it'll just simply print out all of the

1:16:44items in the

1:16:46list now uh why might we do this you say

1:16:49well there's a few reasons we may want

1:16:52to iterate by item rather than by indic

1:16:56so the other one uh the in range is

1:16:58known as iterating by indic or by index

1:17:01well this one is known as iterating by

1:17:03item so there's a few reasons we might

1:17:06want to do this but the first one is if

1:17:07we only want to print something out uh

1:17:09if it's a certain value so we just want

1:17:11to check through all of the items in the

1:17:13list and see if there are certain value

1:17:15and if they are then we're going to

1:17:16print it out or we're going to do

1:17:17something specific to that item uh so in

1:17:19this case I'm going to say if fruit is

1:17:22equal to for example

1:17:25pairs then I want to print

1:17:29out pairs so we'll just print out the

1:17:31fruit but if it's not equal to pairs so

1:17:34anything else then I will print

1:17:38out not pairs like that so this is an

1:17:42example of how we can look through every

1:17:45item in the list um and simply check if

1:17:48it is a certain value and then if it is

1:17:51we're going to print it to the screen so

1:17:52we'll try this and we see we have not

1:17:54pairs pairs and Then followed by a few

1:17:56more not pairs um so that's a good way

1:17:59to do it by item um otherwise we can

1:18:02still do this using Indy uh it's just a

1:18:04little more complicated or not as

1:18:06efficient so we could do

1:18:084X in range and then in this case we'll

1:18:13do zero and six because we have to do it

1:18:17six times because there's six items in

1:18:19the list and then we'll put a colon and

1:18:22then we'll say the same thing so except

1:18:25this time we're going to say if fruits

1:18:28followed by the square brackets and then

1:18:30X because this is going to be our indic

1:18:32equals equals pairs then we want to

1:18:37print fruit or fruit X

1:18:42oops otherwise we'll

1:18:45print not a pair just like we did in the

1:18:50other loop not a pair okay so we'll run

1:18:53that and we see we get it twice just

1:18:55because I had two for Loops there so it

1:18:57does work uh the exact same way except

1:19:00you can see that this one takes longer

1:19:02to write because we actually have to put

1:19:05the list name followed by the square

1:19:06brackets whereas in this Loop all we

1:19:09have to do is simply type in Fruit um

1:19:12because it's automatically going through

1:19:14the list um another reason too we may

1:19:16want to do that is because in this case

1:19:18we had to actually see how many items

1:19:20were in the list by counting um and then

1:19:24we had to put that number in whereas

1:19:25here it'll just stop at the end of the

1:19:27list automatically um now we could do

1:19:30this so Len this is a new word so I'm

1:19:33just showing this now uh this means

1:19:36length and then inside we can put

1:19:38something like a string or a list so in

1:19:41this case I'm going to put the length of

1:19:43fruits and that would give us a value of

1:19:46six and you'll see if I just get rid of

1:19:51this that it'll work the same way again

1:19:54um um by using the length of

1:19:57fruits okay so that is how to iterate

1:20:00through a list by item uh I hope you

1:20:04enjoyed if you did please leave a like

1:20:06And subscribe and stay tuned for more

1:20:09videos in this

1:20:16series hey guys welcome back today we're

1:20:19going to be doing the 10th video in my

1:20:21Python Programming series and today

1:20:23we're going to be talking about string

1:20:25Methods um so a method is simply

1:20:27something you can call on a string by

1:20:29using the delimiter of a period followed

1:20:32by whatever the method is and then

1:20:34brackets like this now sometimes we have

1:20:37to put some things inside of the

1:20:39brackets um but most of the time we can

1:20:42just leave them with empty brackets okay

1:20:45so let's get right into an example we're

1:20:46going to start by talking about the dot.

1:20:49strip method um now what this one does

1:20:52is it pretty much removes all of the

1:20:54leading and trailing white spaces from a

1:20:57word or from a string sorry so we'll

1:21:01start by just making a variable and

1:21:03we'll make it equal to the input from

1:21:05the console and we'll just say

1:21:08input something like

1:21:11that and then we're just going to print

1:21:13out our input so oops print out text do

1:21:19strip okay so again what strip does is

1:21:22just going to remove all the white

1:21:23spaces before and after the word and

1:21:25it's best to show you with an example um

1:21:27so you can see if we type a few spaces

1:21:30so 1 2 3 4 and then I type hello and

1:21:33then a few more spaces and I click enter

1:21:35it simply gives us hello that's because

1:21:37it had removed all of the spaces from

1:21:40the string while as if I don't have the

1:21:43dot strip here so if I get rid of that

1:21:46and we run it and I do some spaces again

1:21:48and I type hellow and some more spaces

1:21:50it's going to give us those spaces as a

1:21:52part of the string and most the time so

1:21:55when we have a string we want to remove

1:21:57these spaces so that's why we use do

1:22:00strip did I spell that right strip yeah

1:22:03just like that okay um all right so that

1:22:06one's pretty straightforward just

1:22:07removes these spaces now you may want to

1:22:09do this if you're checking um if a

1:22:11string is equal to a certain thing and

1:22:12you're getting a user input and they may

1:22:15have accidentally typed the space before

1:22:16or after the word right okay so now

1:22:19we'll move on to the Len um so this one

1:22:22is actually not a method because you

1:22:24don't call it using a DOT um using a

1:22:26period followed by the word it's

1:22:28actually known as a function which I'll

1:22:30get into later so this just means that

1:22:31it takes something inside of the

1:22:33brackets um so this stands for length

1:22:36Len and pretty much what it does is

1:22:38Returns the length of a string or of a

1:22:41list so right now we're going to use a

1:22:43string and we're going to put text in

1:22:45here and I'll show you again what it

1:22:47does um 1 2 3 4 5 remember although this

1:22:51is a number since I'm typing it in the

1:22:53console it actually gives me a string

1:22:55value so this will work and it says that

1:22:57the length of this is five again uh that

1:23:00one's pretty useful I used it in the

1:23:02last video um to determine how many

1:23:04times we had to iterate through a list

1:23:06because we got the length of the

1:23:08list all right now for lower so pretty

1:23:11much what lower does um is it turns

1:23:15everything into lower cases in our word

1:23:18um so again it's best to just show using

1:23:20an example if I type something like this

1:23:24uh uh with a few lower cases a few

1:23:26capitals and I click enter you see we

1:23:28get everything in lowercase

1:23:32letters all right and now for Dot Upper

1:23:34you can probably guess what this one's

1:23:36going to do it's the exact same thing

1:23:37except in this case everything is going

1:23:40to uppercase

1:23:42so like this and you see we get all

1:23:45uppercase

1:23:47letters all right um and now for the

1:23:51last string method that I'm going to

1:23:52talk about although there is T tons of

1:23:54different string Methods um there's

1:23:56probably over 40 or 50 I'm going to

1:23:58leave the link down below to all of the

1:24:00string Methods on the python website so

1:24:02you can go check them out if you'd like

1:24:04to see some more um so this one is

1:24:06called do spit now this one I'd say is

1:24:08probably one of the most useful methods

1:24:10that I um that I use all the time and

1:24:13what it does is it actually creates a

1:24:15list out of the string that you give it

1:24:19um so inside of these brackets you're

1:24:21going to put what's called a delimiter

1:24:23and what a delimiter is is pretty much

1:24:26what you want to split by so for example

1:24:29I'm going to put a period in here just

1:24:30so we can get an example so we have text

1:24:34dosit and inside of the brackets for dos

1:24:37split we have a period so it's best to

1:24:39just show an example oh invalid syntax I

1:24:42think I have one too many brackets there

1:24:44yes I do okay so we'll run it so I input

1:24:47something I'm going to type

1:24:49hello.

1:24:51tim. by. High just a few random words

1:24:55and you can see they're all separated by

1:24:57a period or by a DOT now when I click

1:25:00enter you see we actually get a list

1:25:04with all of the words and you notice

1:25:06that we don't actually have a period in

1:25:09this list that's because the way that do

1:25:12split works is it gets rid of the

1:25:14delimiter so since the delimiter was a

1:25:16period it's not going to include the

1:25:17period in this list now this may be kind

1:25:20of confusing um we'll do a few more

1:25:22examples so hope you hopefully you can

1:25:24understand

1:25:25so usually what you do um is you would

1:25:28you you would leave these uh brackets

1:25:30blank so you wouldn't put anything in

1:25:31them and by default Python's going to

1:25:33say okay well I guess you want to

1:25:35eliminate by a space um so the way that

1:25:38we can do this again um what'll happen

1:25:41is if I type a sentence like my name is

1:25:44Tim um and I click enter you see it

1:25:47separates by spaces and we have no

1:25:50spaces in our list because it removes

1:25:53those spaces now you could also

1:25:55diiminate by anything you like so I

1:25:57could do an a for example um now if

1:26:01click F5 and we just type a bunch of

1:26:03letters and I put an A and then another

1:26:05a you see we get um the letters and

1:26:08again there's a space at the end because

1:26:10I typed a space right um so yeah okay so

1:26:14that's how dot split works now splits

1:26:17very useful um if you want to do certain

1:26:20things with a list we're going to talk a

1:26:21bit more about it later on um but those

1:26:24are some basic string Methods that we

1:26:26talked about today again there are tons

1:26:28more on the python website which I will

1:26:30link down below um if you like the video

1:26:33please like And subscribe and I will see

1:26:35you again

1:26:42later hey guys welcome back to the 11th

1:26:45video in my Python Programming Series in

1:26:47today's video we're going to be talking

1:26:49about the sliced operator um which is a

1:26:52cool thing that we can use on lists and

1:26:54and strings in Python so if you remember

1:26:56in the previous video if we wanted to

1:26:58access an element in our list we did

1:27:01fruits so the name of our list here

1:27:02which I've already got defined as apples

1:27:04pear and strawberry um and then we would

1:27:06do the items so for example fruits one

1:27:09and we can print that to the screen um

1:27:11just to remind us what this

1:27:14did and we got pair just like that

1:27:17because that is the second item but to

1:27:19reference that we have to use one

1:27:21because in computers we start at zero

1:27:22right um okay yeah and I just wanted to

1:27:26mention I didn't don't think I did this

1:27:27in the list video that you can actually

1:27:29do this on strings as well so say I

1:27:31wanted to access the E there I would

1:27:33just do text one and we get the E

1:27:36because that is the second uh item in

1:27:38this string or character maybe I wanted

1:27:41to do the 11th

1:27:43one then that would give us another E

1:27:45because 11 is right here at the end of

1:27:47like so yeah now what does the slice

1:27:50operator look like so pretty much the

1:27:52slice operator is these two square

1:27:54brackets but inside of them you're going

1:27:56to put two colons just like this now

1:28:00these colons in between them we type

1:28:02some words uh or we're going to put some

1:28:04numbers but in this case I'm just going

1:28:05to show you with words so we have start

1:28:08stop and step um that's what goes where

1:28:12these colons are now if I remove this

1:28:14colon that means I just have a start and

1:28:16a stop and then if I remove this colon I

1:28:18just have a start and that's how we

1:28:20reference what element we want to uh we

1:28:23want to print out right right if we had

1:28:24just put a number there so we'll add the

1:28:26back in and this now we're going to

1:28:27use numbers so the start stop and step

1:28:29works exactly the same way as the range

1:28:32function so you may remember when I did

1:28:33a for Loop we did 4X in range and then

1:28:37inside of the range we did some numbers

1:28:39like this so we would start at one stop

1:28:41at two and step by three like that right

1:28:44so it works the exact same way except in

1:28:46this case we're going to be using um it

1:28:48on lists and on strings right without

1:28:51these numbers so the range like this

1:28:54okay so let's just do an example um so

1:28:57let's start at zero and let's end at

1:29:00this o so the O is 1 2 3 4 five um but

1:29:05if I want to actually include the O I

1:29:07have to put five because remember five

1:29:09would be the space here um and if we

1:29:12stop on let's say four here you'll see

1:29:14what's going to happen um it's not going

1:29:16to print out the O uh because when we

1:29:19stop we do not include that number

1:29:21remember from the range function so if

1:29:22we want to have the O we'll stop at five

1:29:25just like that hello um okay yeah uh now

1:29:29if we wanted to start just from the

1:29:31beginning say we didn't know um all we

1:29:34have to do is just put nothing there and

1:29:35it's going to default start from the

1:29:37beginning so it'll give us the same

1:29:38thing and then if we wanted to start

1:29:41from somewhere so say we want to start

1:29:42at two and we just want to go all the

1:29:44way to the end now we say we don't know

1:29:47how long our string is we don't want to

1:29:48count all of these things and say oh

1:29:50well let's stop at 17 or whatever number

1:29:53it may be by just leaving this blank

1:29:56it'll actually default to stop at the

1:29:58end of the string and you'll see that so

1:30:00we get l l o I like python right it

1:30:02stopped at the end of the string

1:30:05automatically okay so now let's talk

1:30:07about the uh the step feature so if we

1:30:10want to start at the beginning and we

1:30:12want to stop at the end we'll just put

1:30:14nothing in between these two colons

1:30:16because it's going to default from the

1:30:18beginning and default to the end but now

1:30:20we want to skip every other letter that

1:30:22means we're going to put a two here for

1:30:24the step so that way we're going to get

1:30:26h l o then we're going to skip the space

1:30:30here we're going to get I skip the space

1:30:31get L and so on so I'll show

1:30:34you and you see we get that um a bunch

1:30:37of gibberish like this maybe you want to

1:30:39go every third letter that means we

1:30:41would step by three like

1:30:43this and there we go we get a few less

1:30:46letters and same thing we could do four

1:30:47five um and continually going now say we

1:30:50want to start at the third letter or the

1:30:54fourth because we're typing three here

1:30:55so L um we want to stop at the end and

1:30:57we want to step by

1:30:59three then you can see what's going to

1:31:01happen there so we get l i i TN right so

1:31:05a bunch of gibberish okay now this works

1:31:07again same thing for fruits uh it just I

1:31:09don't have as many items in the fruits

1:31:11list so that's why I was showing you

1:31:12with text but if I put the colon in here

1:31:15and we put another colon uh let's say we

1:31:17start at let's start at one so that

1:31:19means we're going to start at pair and

1:31:21let's just go to the end and we'll print

1:31:23that out and again we get Paar and

1:31:25strawberry so we didn't include the

1:31:27apples because we started at pear right

1:31:31so yeah that's pretty much how the slice

1:31:33operator works now there is one other

1:31:34cool thing we can do with the slice

1:31:36operator um and it's called the insert

1:31:39function or the insert kind of uh thing

1:31:41with the slice operator so if you

1:31:42remember uh we H when we wanted to add

1:31:44something to a list we use dot append

1:31:48right so I showed you that in my list

1:31:50video we did fruits. append and then

1:31:53maybe we want to add blueberries like

1:31:55this I know that's spelled incorrectly

1:31:57but there we go we'll fix that quickly

1:32:00blueberries okay and then we can print

1:32:03out fruits once again just to see what

1:32:05it looks like so if you remember this

1:32:07just adds it to the end of the list but

1:32:09say we don't want to add blueberries to

1:32:11the end of the list we want to add it in

1:32:13between Pairs we want to add it in

1:32:14between Apples and pear um we want to

1:32:17add it at the beginning we want to add

1:32:18it somewhere else right how would we do

1:32:20that well we can use the slice operator

1:32:23to do that so instead of using the dot

1:32:25of pend we'll use a slice operator so

1:32:27we'll go like this and this time we're

1:32:29going to just put one callon and then

1:32:31type the indic see where we want to

1:32:33insert it so if we want to insert it at

1:32:35the beginning we're just going to type

1:32:36zero and then zero like this we do need

1:32:38to do them on both sides and then an

1:32:41equal sign and we'll set it equal to

1:32:42whatever you want in this case we'll

1:32:43just put B for

1:32:44Simplicity and you'll see we get B at

1:32:47the beginning of our list now say we

1:32:49want it in between Apples and pear well

1:32:52in that case we would put one and we put

1:32:54one again like

1:32:56this and we get apples comma B comma

1:32:59pear comma strawberries just like that

1:33:01now if we want to add it to the end um

1:33:04we would have to find out what number

1:33:05that is so we do 3 three I believe that

1:33:07should work we'll

1:33:10see yeah so that adds it to the end for

1:33:13us um and then if we want to insert it

1:33:16in between pear and strawberry we would

1:33:17do 2 two like that and there we go we

1:33:21get it in between there so that's how

1:33:22the insert works for the slice operator

1:33:25um I hope you learned how to use a slice

1:33:27operator today we will be using it a

1:33:29little later in some other videos and

1:33:31doing some more complex things with it

1:33:33um if you liked the video please like

1:33:35And subscribe and I will see you again

1:33:38in the next

1:33:44one hey guys welcome back to another

1:33:47video this is the 12th video in my

1:33:49Python Programming series and today

1:33:52we're going to be talking about

1:33:53functions so this is a function up here

1:33:57um we're going to talk more about the

1:33:58syntax and what a function does but it's

1:34:01first important to understand what is a

1:34:04function well if you're in math you know

1:34:06that a function pretty much you pass it

1:34:08an x value and then it does something to

1:34:10that x value and you get a yalue back

1:34:13well it's a similar idea here in Python

1:34:15except there's different types of

1:34:17functions that can do different things

1:34:19so the first function I've just written

1:34:21right here um pretty much I've named it

1:34:23add two and what happens is we give it

1:34:25an x value and then it simply returns x

1:34:29+ 2 now this doesn't have to make sense

1:34:31to you right now I just want to show an

1:34:33example of what a function looks like so

1:34:35if we wanted to make our own function

1:34:37what we would type is we'd type DF this

1:34:40stands for definition um and then the

1:34:43function name so maybe in this case I

1:34:44want to do another math related function

1:34:46so I'll do

1:34:48subtract two and oops two as a word and

1:34:53then I'm going to put two brackets and

1:34:54inside of the brackets we're going to

1:34:56put something that's called a parameter

1:34:58so in this case I can name it anything I

1:35:00want I'm going to put number in here and

1:35:02then I'm going to do a colon click enter

1:35:06it should tab me in one space and I'm

1:35:08simply going to return X or sorry number

1:35:13minus

1:35:142 now I'm I'll talk about what all this

1:35:17really does um a little bit later but I

1:35:19just want to give some examples so now

1:35:21if we want to call our function or want

1:35:23to actually use these functions we have

1:35:26to do something we can't just leave it

1:35:27like this I'll show you if I run this

1:35:29right now nothing's going to happen what

1:35:31we actually have to do is we have to do

1:35:33a um call statement so what I can do is

1:35:36I can do add

1:35:38to and then in here we have a parameter

1:35:42X but what's actually going to happen is

1:35:45I have to give add to a number because

1:35:48we're going to add two to that number

1:35:49and it's going to be returned so let's

1:35:52say seven

1:35:54now you'll see what's going to happen

1:35:56here uh I'll run it quickly and nothing

1:35:59prints out to the screen that's simply

1:36:01because we haven't printed anything what

1:36:04actually happens is in this add to call

1:36:06statement we have it sets x equal to 7

1:36:09so it comes up here and it says okay

1:36:10we're going to add two to S so we have X

1:36:13here we add two and then we're going to

1:36:16return that back down here so pretty

1:36:19much we call this function and it

1:36:21returns it right here now I have to set

1:36:23this equal to a variable or simply print

1:36:26it out to the screen so I'll set it

1:36:27equal to a variable right now so I'll

1:36:28say new number is equal to add to 7 and

1:36:33now if I print

1:36:35out new number like this we get nine

1:36:41okay so that that's how that works all

1:36:43right now what about subtract two so we

1:36:45can do the same thing here with seven so

1:36:47we do subtract two we'll leave seven in

1:36:51here for number

1:36:54and you'll see we get five so that works

1:36:57correctly now I can do it again I could

1:36:59do

1:37:0012 and we get 10 and maybe I could even

1:37:03change what I want to do in these

1:37:05functions so this one's called add two

1:37:07but maybe I wanted to add two to X and

1:37:11then I wanted to square it so then I

1:37:14would do that and then if we go back to

1:37:17the add two so I'm going to put 12 + 2^

1:37:202 which should be 14 squar which will be

1:37:22a pretty big number which will give us

1:37:24196 just like that so you can kind of

1:37:27see um and understand how these

1:37:29functions are working they have a

1:37:31parameter this is what that's called up

1:37:33here so a variable name I could do X I

1:37:35could do y I could do Zed doesn't matter

1:37:38I can do any letter I want any name I

1:37:40want um it makes sense to call it

1:37:42something that makes sense in terms of

1:37:44the function so here x works fine but if

1:37:46I was doing a string so maybe we want to

1:37:48write another function let's let's do

1:37:50another function here and we'll do

1:37:52Define and we'll call we'll say

1:37:55print

1:37:56string and now inside of here I'm just

1:37:59going to put string like that as our

1:38:02parameter name and then we're simply

1:38:04just going to print the string to the

1:38:07screen so now what actually happens is

1:38:10instead of setting something equal to a

1:38:12variable all I have to do is I have to

1:38:14do print string this is my call

1:38:16statement and then in here I'm going to

1:38:18give it a string so I'm just going to

1:38:19type

1:38:21hello and you'll see if we run the

1:38:23function

1:38:24we get hello and we didn't print it down

1:38:26here we just printed it from the

1:38:28function so I know I've gone kind of

1:38:31fast but the easiest way to understand

1:38:33the functions are to show examples of

1:38:35them and how they're working pretty much

1:38:37there's a

1:38:38parameter I'm going to give the

1:38:40parameter I'm in the argument of the

1:38:42call statement so this in the definition

1:38:45of the function is called a parameter

1:38:48and in the call statement in between the

1:38:51brackets it's called an argument

1:38:53um so those are just some key words now

1:38:56I can actually use these functions as

1:38:57many times as I want so I can print

1:38:59string again and I could

1:39:01print my name is Tim just like that and

1:39:04you'll see it should do it twice yeah

1:39:05there we go so that's why these

1:39:08functions are extremely useful because

1:39:10say for example I'm writing a big

1:39:12program and I know that I would need to

1:39:14do a certain thing multiple times well I

1:39:17don't want to have to constantly write

1:39:19it out um in the main line of my program

1:39:21here when I can just have a function

1:39:23that's going to do it for me and all I

1:39:25have to do is call that function using a

1:39:27simple call statement like this so we

1:39:29haven't really done many big programs

1:39:31yet where functions make sense but

1:39:33you'll see when you start programming

1:39:34that you're going to be using a lot of

1:39:36functions um to do things because you're

1:39:38going to be repeating code um now these

1:39:40are very basic functions we have

1:39:42subtract two add two but you can have

1:39:45like physics functions for example if I

1:39:47know I'm need to find the uh

1:39:49acceleration of an object then maybe I

1:39:51would make another function here and i'

1:39:53do

1:39:54Define excel I'll just do like that uh

1:39:57short form and then I'll put in mass and

1:40:01the force like that so you see I can

1:40:03actually have more than one um parameter

1:40:07I can have two parameters here and I'm

1:40:08going to say a is equal

1:40:11to mass Time Force I know that's not

1:40:15correct but we could do something like

1:40:16that mass time

1:40:18force and then I could return the

1:40:21variable a and now if I I called my

1:40:24Excel function and I printed that to the

1:40:26screen well that would give me what the

1:40:28acceleration would be right um so that

1:40:30those are just some examples of why

1:40:32functions are extremely useful well

1:40:34we're going to talk more about functions

1:40:36I'll do a more advanced tutorial um a

1:40:38little later on but this is just an

1:40:40introduction so that you can hopefully

1:40:42understand how they work pretty much you

1:40:43have if you're writing a function you

1:40:45have the deaf keyword um you have the

1:40:49function name so this case it's

1:40:51highlighted in blue so I did add two

1:40:53then you have brackets and say for

1:40:56example when we do a function we can

1:40:58actually do one without a parameter so I

1:40:59could do Define do something and in

1:41:04here I could simply print high right I

1:41:09don't need to have any parameters that

1:41:11just means when I call this function

1:41:13so do something I don't put anything

1:41:16inside of the brackets right we just do

1:41:18this and we see hi hello my name is Tim

1:41:21right um so yeah doesn't have to have

1:41:24parameters it can have multiple

1:41:25parameters um if for example in this

1:41:27acceleration function you have multiple

1:41:29parameters that means that when you call

1:41:31the function so I'll do an example here

1:41:34then you're going to have to put two

1:41:35numbers in or two strings so I do 2

1:41:38comma 5 like that and we'll print this

1:41:42to the to the screen because we don't

1:41:43print it in that function so we can see

1:41:45what we're

1:41:47getting so yeah we get hi hello my name

1:41:50is Tim and then 10 right so acceleration

1:41:532 okay um so yeah that's just the basics

1:41:56of functions we're going to talk more

1:41:58about them uh in more in depth later but

1:42:00just try to understand how they work and

1:42:02yeah so if you like the video please

1:42:04like And subscribe and I will see you

1:42:06again

1:42:12later hey guys welcome back this is the

1:42:1513th video in my Python Programming

1:42:18series and today we're going to be

1:42:20talking about reading from a file so

1:42:22specifically a text file and we're going

1:42:25to be using something called

1:42:27file.io in Python so the first thing we

1:42:30need to do before we can read from a

1:42:31file is we need to create a file so I'm

1:42:34just simply going to go and find the

1:42:36directory where my python tutorials are

1:42:39so oops not here they are right here in

1:42:42the tutorials folder um and now you see

1:42:45I've got all my python uh scripts right

1:42:47here and all I'm going to do is I'm

1:42:48going to right click and I'm going to

1:42:49click

1:42:50new and then I'm going to find text

1:42:53document like that now I can name it

1:42:55whatever I like I'm just going to name

1:42:56it file for right now file. text now you

1:43:01may want to populate the uh text

1:43:03document so put some words in here so

1:43:05I'm just going to put a bunch of

1:43:06different words hello Tim

1:43:09python Learning Easy just some random

1:43:13random words in my text file I'm going

1:43:14to save that um and now we can go to

1:43:17reading in the text file so it is

1:43:21important that when you make the text

1:43:23text file you do have to save it in the

1:43:25same directory as your python script so

1:43:29if I were to put the text file here on

1:43:30my desktop and I have my python script

1:43:33in the tutorials folder here it's not

1:43:34going to be able to find the file

1:43:36properly um you would have to do

1:43:38something which is a path joining which

1:43:40I'm not going to talk about in this

1:43:41video but maybe in a later one so make

1:43:43sure that you save your file in the same

1:43:45directory uh and same folder as where

1:43:48your script is okay so now that we've

1:43:51done that we're going to read from the

1:43:53file so the first thing we need to do is

1:43:55we need to create a variable so we're

1:43:56going to name this file you can name it

1:43:58whatever you'd like and you're going to

1:43:59set it equal to the keyword open and

1:44:02then inside of open all you're going to

1:44:04do is you're going to type the name of

1:44:06your file so file. text a comma and then

1:44:10the mode you want to open your file in

1:44:12so in this case we want to read it so

1:44:14we're simply going to put a lowercase R

1:44:17inside of the quotations just like that

1:44:20and now that's pretty simple that's all

1:44:22you have to do in python to open up the

1:44:24file and to prepare to read it now make

1:44:28sure you do put R in here if you put

1:44:30nothing or you put a W for example which

1:44:32would be write mode it's actually going

1:44:34to clear the whole file which you don't

1:44:36want to happen you want to leave the

1:44:38contents of the file in there right so

1:44:39we need to open it in read mode with

1:44:41this R that's very important um now what

1:44:44we're going to do is we're simply going

1:44:46to read all of the things from the file

1:44:47so we've opened the file now we need to

1:44:49read it so in order to read the file uh

1:44:53we have to type a few things so we can

1:44:55do it in multiple different ways the

1:44:56first way I'm going to show you is this

1:44:57so I'm going to make another variable

1:44:59I'm going to call it f and this one

1:45:00we're going to make it equal to file.

1:45:03read

1:45:05lines like this okay and then we can

1:45:08simply print out F just to show you

1:45:11what's going to happen you see we get

1:45:14all of the words that are in the file

1:45:17now there's an interesting thing here

1:45:18you may notice that there's a back sln

1:45:22attached to all of the words except for

1:45:24the last one that's because I'm going to

1:45:26open up the text file again and show you

1:45:28um you notice here I didn't actually

1:45:30type back sln but every time we click

1:45:32enter like this it actually creates

1:45:35something called an escape character

1:45:37which is that back sln so if we want to

1:45:40read in the file we're going to have to

1:45:42remove that um character afterwards

1:45:44right so it's just something to keep in

1:45:46mind that if you have things on

1:45:47different lines each of the end of the

1:45:49lines is going to have a back sln on

1:45:52that line that you don't actually see

1:45:53here in the text document but python

1:45:55will read that

1:45:57in okay so we don't need to save that um

1:46:00yeah so let's move into the second way

1:46:03to read it properly now so we have f

1:46:05equals file. read lines now we want to

1:46:08remove all of these back slashes uh get

1:46:10rid of these ends from our lines so

1:46:12there's a way we have to do that and

1:46:13it's by using a for Loop so we're going

1:46:15to do a for Loop just going to say for

1:46:19line in F because now F has read all of

1:46:23our lines so we're going to do what's

1:46:25called iterating by item if you remember

1:46:27from my other videos so each line so

1:46:29every item in this F list here that just

1:46:32created by file. readlines we're going

1:46:34to remove that character and we're going

1:46:36to create a new list so let's make a new

1:46:39list we'll call it new list just make it

1:46:41a blank list like this new list and then

1:46:46here we're going to say um what is it

1:46:50new list. a p and if you remember what a

1:46:54pen does that simply means add to the

1:46:55end um of this new list and then we're

1:46:58going to add the line and we're going to

1:47:01use the slice operator to remove that

1:47:03back sln so we're going to Simply do the

1:47:06colon and

1:47:07then1 now what this does is we it will H

1:47:11take all of line except for the last

1:47:14character so negative one um I didn't

1:47:17talk about this in the other video but

1:47:19negative 1 pretty much just goes to the