Full transcript
0:00so in this slide here we're going to
0:02discuss white blood cells and their
0:04characteristics now white blood cells
0:06are typically referred to as leukocytes
0:08but they are broken down into specific
0:10categories depending on what it is that
0:13their job is to uh to alleviate meaning
0:17you have neutrophils isonophils and
0:19basophils and so with neutrophils and
0:22you can see in the picture here this is
0:24what a typical neutrophil would look
0:26like if we were to remove this from a
0:28sample of blood place it underneath the
0:30microscope we could expect to see 55
0:34percent of blood contain neutrophils and
0:37anytime there's an elevated amount of
0:40white blood cells in a blood sample that
0:42is indicative of the body fighting of
0:45some sort of infection
0:46if it's an elevated amount of
0:48neutrophils then we can assume that it's
0:50a bacterial infection the next term down
0:53you have is eosinophils and isonophils
0:56typically if they aren't elevated for
0:59any other particular reason we can
1:01expect to see three percent of our
1:03leukocytes represent eosinophils and
1:07eosinophils are elevated when an
1:10individual is dealing with allergic
1:11reactions or maybe suffering from an
1:13asthma attack
1:15uh so three percent there
1:17and then going down you have basophils
1:20now basophils is the one that you could
1:22expect to see the least amount of and
1:25this releases histamine and heparin
1:27which promote inflammation in the body
1:30and remember inflammation is the body's
1:33first way of Defense when it comes in
1:35contact with a pathogen
1:37and so all of these white blood cells
1:39even though they have their own specific
1:41names and they're all specific
1:42categories still fall under what's
1:44called a leukocyte which essentially is
1:47a white blood cell
1:49and again just to reiterate with white
1:51blood cells we don't expect to see
1:53elevated amounts of white blood cells
1:55unless the body has a particular
1:57parasite that it is fighting a
2:00particular Invasion Invader that it is
2:03fighting then these neutrophils would
2:05show an elevated amounts now also in
2:08your white blood cells or your
2:09leukocytes we have lymphocytes and
2:12monocytes now with lymphocytes
2:14lymphocytes specific responsibility is
2:18to create what's called antibodies
2:20antibodies increase are increased in
2:24viral infections and they're called t
2:27cells and B cells now T cells are
2:30essentially fighter cells so anytime we
2:33do a blood specimen and we see an
2:35elevated amount of T cells that can be
2:38very risky because what that is saying
2:40again is that the body is fighting
2:42something there's a pathogen there
2:43anything that's elevated uh T cells
2:46don't show up unless there's a reason to
2:48so an elevated amount could lead to
2:51something maybe a diagnosis of cancer
2:53leukemia something along those lines B
2:56cells are are in the same pathway as a T
2:59Cell but a B cell is actually called a
3:01memory cell and so while T cells are
3:05fighting off viral infections B cells
3:09are trained in how to fight these
3:11infections so most of the immunizations
3:13that we receive they're made in the form
3:16of a B cell where our body then is uh
3:20introduced to a viral infection our body
3:24does develop those B cells it remembers
3:27that viral infection and when your body
3:30comes in contact with it in real life
3:32not just in a vaccination it knows
3:34exactly what to do next one down you
3:37have is called monocytes now monocytes
3:40are the largest they destroy germs
3:43viruses bacteria fungi and also
3:46eliminate infected cells so all of these
3:49cells really work in conjunction uh in
3:52two ways either combating the parasite
3:54or the infection head on or in a
3:57man-made form where B cells
4:00immunizations scientists create
4:03memory cells that are then injected into
4:06our body bodies our body will experience
4:09some symptoms of that illness and what
4:12happens is in again in real life when
4:15your body is exposed to the flu or covet
4:18or anything else that we have a vaccine
4:21against those B cells uh can kind of
4:24remember that they've been in that
4:25position before and then they learn how
4:28to fight off that infection so both are
4:31there to protect us