Full transcript
0:00so in the function of the respiratory
0:02system we know that the respiratory
0:04system is responsible for moving air in
0:07and out of the lungs we also learn that
0:10every time we inhale and exhale that
0:12counts for one respiration and we know
0:15that 12 to 20 is an average adult
0:18respiration remember with respirations
0:21this is a review we have two options if
0:24the breathing pattern is normal and it's
0:26steady and it's strong then we're able
0:28to monitor one's respiration or
0:30breathing pattern for 30 seconds
0:32whatever number we obtain as far as
0:35every time they inhale and exhale we can
0:37multiply that number by two and that
0:40will give us our brush per minute
0:42if the breathing is sporadic if the
0:45patient is maybe distraught crying in
0:48pain that's going to alter the breathing
0:50pattern and so for those particular
0:52patients you're going to want to measure
0:54their uh or monitor their respiratory uh
0:57activity for a full one minute no math
1:00necessary whatever number you count
1:02after that full one minute is what you
1:04would document as a patient's
1:06respirations now two terms here we have
1:09external respiration and internal
1:11respiration and with external
1:13respiration what is happening is there's
1:16an exchange of oxygen that's occurring
1:18inside the lungs with internal
1:21respiration there's an exchange of
1:24oxygen within the hemoglobin of the red
1:26blood cell and we talked about uh blood
1:29and the components of blood earlier in
1:32our previous lesson but what we know is
1:34that within a red blood cell there is an
1:37amount of oxygen that is measurable we
1:40can do that in several ways but that is
1:42all part of the internal respiration
1:45that's occurring within the lungs we
1:48also have devices and tests that you
1:50will be fluent with if you are working
1:52in a respiratory therapy field or
1:56working with someone who specializes in
1:58the respiratory system but we have the
2:01ability to measure the amount of or
2:04measure the volume of air that moves in
2:07and out of the lungs typically for most
2:10patients there's a bit of air that
2:12remains in the lungs even after they've
2:15completely blown out what they think is
2:17all of the air there's still a bit
2:18that's left all right so in our testing
2:21for the volume that's held within the
2:23lungs we have certain ways that we can
2:25do that what we're measuring is called
2:27the tidal volume and with tidal volume
2:30we're measuring the amount of air that
2:33moves in or out of the lungs during
2:35normal breathing this wouldn't be
2:38labored breathing just normal breathing
2:40we're measuring the amount of air that
2:42moves in and out of the lungs on a
2:43normal breath
2:45now inspiratory and expiratory change
2:48things up a little bit so with
2:51inspiratory what happens there is we're
2:53measuring the amount of air as one is
2:56breathing in and exhaling out once
2:59they've had a normal inhalation then
3:01we're going to have them continue with
3:04the forced inhalation and that will
3:06measure what's called inspiratory
3:08Reserve volume
3:10expiratory Reserve volume is very
3:13similar however instead of an inhalation
3:16it will be an exhalation and after a
3:19normal breath out then we're going to
3:21have them breathe as hard and as fast as
3:24they can breathing air out and we
3:26measure that that gives us what's called
3:29expiratory Reserve volume both done
3:32using a similar test and also gives us
3:35these values as well
3:37uh residual volume and this is air that
3:41is left in the lungs even after this
3:44patient has had the opportunity to
3:46breathe as hard and as fast as they
3:48possibly can there will be a certain
3:50volume of air that is still remaining
3:53within the lungs that is called residual
3:56volume vital capacity the amount of air
3:59that can be forcefully exhaled after the
4:02deepest inhalation so big breath in
4:05hard long fast breath out gives us vital
4:09capacity
4:10and then we have total lung capacity
4:13which is a total amount of air that the
4:15lungs can hold altogether so taking in a
4:18nice deep breath holding and allowing
4:20for the machine to measure total lung
4:23capacity so with that ending with our
4:25testing we have what's called PFT or
4:28pulmonary function testing pulmonary
4:30function testing is also known as
4:32spirometry and that's exactly what we
4:34just talked about in the previous slides
4:36so with the inspiratory air expiratory
4:40air tidal uh volume all of that would be
4:43registered through spirometry testing
4:46and just as you see here in this slide
4:48it's actually a pretty non-invasive test
4:51it doesn't hurt there are specific
4:53instructions that we would give the
4:55patient to prepare for this of course no
4:58large meals they're taking in a lot of
5:00air and exhaling sometimes that can
5:02cause a little bit of nausea we need
5:04room for the stomach and to be able to
5:07expand and contract so no uh tight close
5:10fitting uh clothing the looser the
5:12better and so the patient is given this
5:15mouthpiece and then they're given the
5:17instructions as well depending on what
5:18it is we're measuring
5:20the machine will pick up all of those
5:23measurements and it gives us a printout
5:25through the computer
5:27typically used to diagnose for asthma
5:30and chronic obstructive pulmonary
5:32disease but not just restricted to those
5:35two diagnosis we can use spirometry for
5:39a number of different reasons