Full transcript
0:00moving into diseases and disorders that
0:02can affect the cardiovascular system
0:04starting with the first one most common
0:06uh it is chest pain
0:09the clinical term for chest pain is
0:12called angina and it's caused by
0:15myocardial infarction which is the
0:18clinical term for heart attack
0:20heart attack occurs because of the
0:22narrowing of the coronary arteries we
0:25have blockage within the heart patients
0:28going to experience pain we have an
0:30overworked heart possibly leading to a
0:34heart attack because we've got this
0:36overworked heart that doesn't have the
0:38capability to pass the blood through as
0:40it should next turn down
0:43atherosclerosis sclerosis means
0:45hardening athro this is going to be
0:48hardening of the arteries afros arteries
0:51so this is plaque that over time has
0:54built up within the arteries causing
0:57constriction or restriction not allowing
0:59the blood to flow through freely I'll
1:01also can lead to blockage which could
1:04cause chest pain and lead to heart
1:06attack as well and then on the right we
1:09have the term ischemia
1:11ischemia is the Restriction of the flow
1:14of oxygen-rich blood to the heart also
1:18leading to heart attack
1:20now we need to look at the symptoms of a
1:24heart attack and what we can expect is a
1:27patient's going to say something along
1:29the lines of pain in the chest a
1:32squeezing sensation they may have pain
1:35in the chest that radiates to the
1:37shoulder also in the arm the neck and
1:41the jaw usually all of those are
1:43associated together
1:46uh with that we're going to see
1:48shortness of breath maybe nausea maybe
1:51sweating maybe dizziness all associated
1:54with that chest pain
1:56remember anytime we're interviewing a
1:58patient whether it be on the phone or in
2:01person anytime we receive any complaints
2:04that have to do with chest pain we are
2:06going to believe exactly what it is that
2:08our patient has stated we're going to
2:10take those complaints seriously
2:13hypertension clinical term for high
2:16blood pressure caused by narrowing of
2:18the arteries and that's what we see here
2:20in this picture
2:22and this would be the build up the
2:25atherosclerosis the hardening plaque
2:28attaches to plaque so the more plaque
2:30that's in the arteries as it passes
2:31through in the blood plaque just kind of
2:34finds his home there starts to build up
2:36and this is what you get you end up
2:38having this narrowing now think about
2:41your heart that's trying to work
2:43involuntarily every day on your behalf
2:46it's trying to push the blood through
2:48but it has some restrictions here so
2:50what it'll do is it'll over compensate
2:53it'll work harder try to get that blood
2:55group that could cause problems down the
2:58line risk factors for hypertension could
3:01be obesity smoking kidney disease and
3:05excessive alcohol intake as well as
3:08coronary artery disease coronary artery
3:11disease very similar to what you see in
3:13the photo there as well
3:15um same thing within the narrowing of
3:17the arteries you're going to have the
3:19buildup of fat cholesterol that flat
3:22that's going to lead to ischemia which
3:25is the Restriction of the flow of blood
3:27same risk factors a high fat diet
3:30smoking obesity and what's called a
3:33sedentary lifestyle a lifestyle that
3:36doesn't have a lot of movement could
3:38also lead to coronary artery disease
3:41aneurysms aneurysms are uh balloons that
3:45occur within the wall of the artery
3:48aneurysms can go undetected for many
3:51years until they start to develop their
3:53symptoms
3:54uh cause for this would be
3:56atherosclerosis
3:58risk factors are the same
4:01and then we have congestive heart
4:04failure
4:05and with congestive heart failure it is
4:07just that the heart doesn't have the
4:09ability to pump the blood it is starting
4:11to fail so the effectiveness of the
4:14heart is starting to diminish
4:17risk factors the same high fat diet
4:19smoking obesity and the sedentary
4:23lifestyle there as well finishing up
4:25here we have what's called mitral valve
4:28prolapse and remember we looked at the
4:30valves early on in today's lesson uh the
4:33mitral valve prolapse is when you have a
4:36valve that does not close all the way as
4:39it should as those valves are opening
4:41and closing remember it's allowing for
4:43the blood to have Direction and the
4:45ability to flow through when those
4:47valves prolapse and they don't close all
4:50the way think about a door that doesn't
4:52close all the way on a windy day what
4:54happens you've got wind that's going to
4:56make its way back in same thing with
4:58blood you have blood that goes it gets a
5:00little confused doesn't know its
5:02direction so it has a backflow that
5:05backflow is called regurgitation and
5:08that's something that we would hear so
5:10instead of listening to someone and
5:13hearing the love dub sound that would be
5:16typical of
5:17ulcer blood pressure you may hear a
5:19swishing sound and that swishing sound
5:22is indicative of the back flow of the
5:24blood cause for this can be unknown and
5:27also hereditary
5:29symptoms could be none at all
5:32um could be shortness of breath or the
5:34patient could be experiencing
5:36irregularities in their Rhythm or
5:38palpitations
5:39over to the left you have what's called
5:42thrombo phlebitis
5:45thrombophlebitis is caused by blood
5:47clots that could form within the veins
5:49of the legs
5:51and the risk factors here could be
5:53paralysis cancer hormone replacement
5:56therapy that sedentary lifestyle maybe
5:59somebody's bedridden all could cause
6:02those blood clots to form