Full transcript
0:05Kazu on in thank you very much for
0:08having me here today and I I'd like to
0:12start by acknowledging the land that
0:14we're standing on here tonight thank you
0:17very much I always feel good being here
0:18on the territory of the young Gong Qin
0:21people the unceded territory of the
0:23Algonquin people I think I know you
0:26yes I do know you I thought so it's been
0:29a while sorry the last time I saw you
0:35though we were at the secret path that's
0:38right it was a very first secret path
0:40concert I was with national be asking
0:43nation Pearl when Jack and her sister
0:46Daisy and their extended family and you
0:49were the elder there who along with your
0:52partner I remember you gave us much
0:53ceremony to all of us that was quite a
0:56that was a very special day I carried
0:59that day with me
1:00cheap marriage and I'd like to also
1:03acknowledge the elders in the room that
1:05are here today um and I think I see
1:09Denise so much stone child back there do
1:12i yes maybe you know okay oh I thought
1:15he did I thought so
1:17oh my glasses on okay thank you
1:22it's good to see you I'm like I know you
1:26it's funny I always know someone
1:28somewhere always works that way and I'd
1:31also like to say thank you for my family
1:33that's here tonight too my daughter
1:35Natasha is here and this is one of those
1:38lovely Friday evenings or my teenage
1:40daughter it gets to listen to me speak
1:42it's always fun I am going to tell you a
1:48little bit about myself tonight I'm
1:52going to tell you the story about the
1:54seven fallen feathers and I'm going to
1:56tell you the story about Canada because
1:59the book that I wrote spent quite a few
2:02years writing is not just a story about
2:06Thunder Bay it is a story about this
2:08entire country it's a story about all of
2:10us and I hope that
2:13I hope that you hear my message and I
2:16hope that I don't upset you too much
2:18because I know that sometimes when I
2:19talk especially if I have any
2:21residential school survivors in the room
2:24it can be kind of emotional and I
2:27apologize for that and I hope you just
2:29stay with me I also hope that you stay
2:32with me because I often talk in circles
2:34I start with something and it takes me a
2:37while to get around to it but I usually
2:39have a point and I blame this on being
2:42cultural I just sort of talk in a big
2:43circle but I always do have a point so
2:46please bear with me with that as well
2:49but I am going to tell you how I first
2:53came to this story I have been a
2:57journalist at the Toronto Star for about
2:5922 years now I started when I was 12
3:05thank you for that and I started I did
3:10everything really in the Star newsroom
3:11but at around 2011 I found myself
3:13writing about politics I was at Queen's
3:16Park I was a reporter that was just
3:20young with politics I didn't know very
3:21much what I was doing and in 2011 you
3:24may recall that there was a federal
3:26election going on and if you are a
3:28political journalist or trying to be a
3:30political journalist that's sort of what
3:32you want to write about you want to
3:34write about the election and at the time
3:37I'll refresh your memory Jack Layton was
3:39duking it out against Stephen Harper and
3:41I thought to myself well how am I going
3:44to get on the election trail being a
3:47provincial reporter not being a federal
3:49one and so I thought to myself I should
3:51do a story on indigenous voting patterns
3:54keep in mind this is before the TRC
3:57reported this is before the idle no more
4:00movement was throughout Canada this is
4:03before the sort of proliferation of
4:05social media concerning indigenous
4:08issues and so when I presented a story
4:12on indigenous issues to my editors as
4:15often when I would they would look at me
4:17and think that that story was slightly
4:18exotic sounding something that you know
4:21they'd never really heard of before and
4:22so they said okay you know that's a good
4:24idea why don't you why don't you write
4:26that story
4:27because the story I wanted to tell was
4:28well you know if indigenous people were
4:31to sort of get together and vote as
4:33blocks they could really sort of change
4:35the outcome of the election in certain
4:37in certain areas and in certain writings
4:39in the north and of course I wanted to
4:41write about Northern Ontario because
4:43that is the territory that I'm more
4:45familiar with that is the territory of
4:47my mother and my grandmother and all of
4:50the grandmothers before her and so I
4:53pitched my editor I'm like I'd like to
4:56go and see Stan Bertie who at the time
4:58was the grand chief of nishan I'll be
5:00asking nation my editor said sure great
5:03that's that's a great idea one should go
5:05up there and do it so I did I flew up
5:08there and I just have to say too if if
5:11you pitch a story to a newspaper editor
5:13your boss and it involves like a plane
5:15ride so travel a hotel and everything
5:17else you better come back with the story
5:19that you you know you originally went
5:21there for because the thing is is that
5:23you know we don't have for any made much
5:25money in newspapers even in 2011 so I
5:28pitched this story I went up to Thunder
5:32Bay to go talk to Stan and as you heard
5:38in my a little bit about me in my bio
5:40the reason why I also went to Thunder
5:43Bay was because my mother was raised on
5:45the traditional territory of Fort
5:46William first nation my grandmother is a
5:48member of Fort William First Nation and
5:50I also knew in my heart I knew the
5:54reasons why indigenous people were not
5:56voting and have not historically been
5:59voting it's changing now it's helping
6:01it's getting a little bit better with
6:03the more representation more people that
6:04we see but I knew that indigenous people
6:07in this country did not get the right to
6:09vote until 1960 and I know that that's
6:12also a factor but I went and I went to
6:16go interview Stan Bertie now Stan Bertie
6:20as I said was the was the grand chief at
6:24the time for Anishinabe a ski nation
6:27miss Dobby a ski nation so you know is a
6:30territory roughly the size of the
6:32country of France it is north of Thunder
6:35Bay it reaches east to James Bay it
6:38reaches north to Hudson
6:40and west to the Manitoba border there
6:43are 49 First Nations living in this
6:45territory roughly about 45,000 people
6:48and all of the kids that live there if
6:52they want to go to high school they have
6:54to leave their homes and they have to
6:57fly to a city a city like Timmins a city
7:01like Thunder Bay a city like Sioux
7:03Lookout yes I just said Sioux Lookout
7:05was the city and this is here this is
7:10this is a tough thing this is 600 500
7:15700 kilometers away from home this is
7:18what you have to do in order to get a
7:20high school education it's a remarkable
7:23thing isn't it when you think about
7:24every other child in this country has
7:28the right to go to high school and they
7:31probably don't have to fly 500 600 or
7:33700 kilometres away to go to school they
7:37don't have to leave their language most
7:39of the kids that live in Ashe Nabi ASCII
7:41nation territory they speak which of way
7:43they speak they speak a decree they
7:45speak Cree that is their first language
7:47their second language is English they
7:50have to leave everything that they know
7:51they have to get on a plane at 13 14 or
7:5415 and they come to Thunder Bay and they
7:58live with boarding parents and they have
8:00to learn everything they come from
8:03communities that often don't have
8:04drinkable water they come from
8:06communities that don't have traffic
8:08lights they're roughly in size between
8:11300 people to about 1,500 2,000 people
8:15at the most these communities there's no
8:17bowling alleys there's no mall if you're
8:20lucky you have a northern store and if
8:22you ever been to a northern store
8:24there's not much there I mean yes you
8:26got rubber boots and a ham you get your
8:29staples it's kind of a catch-all store
8:31but it's it's no place that you would go
8:33and hang around and look for the latest
8:34fashions or anything like that if you're
8:36a kid so this is what the kids are
8:39leaving they're leaving everything that
8:40they know and they're also leaving and
8:44many circumstances poverty and they're
8:47coming into the city and when they come
8:50into the city they bring everything with
8:51them
8:52when I'm getting a little bit ahead of
8:54myself but when I was just sitting there
8:57talking to Stan we were talking about
8:59these things I wanted to talk about the
9:01federal election this is what he wanted
9:03to talk about so we began to have two
9:05different conversations I was the manic
9:08Toronto journalist that was asking him
9:10questions about the federal election and
9:12he was looking at me and he was talking
9:14about these things and he was saying to
9:16me why aren't you writing a story about
9:18Jordan my boss and I sort of thought oh
9:21my gosh he's not hearing what I'm saying
9:23so I would repeat my question and he
9:26would say it again he goes why aren't
9:28you writing about Jordan and we went on
9:30like that for about 10 15 minutes and
9:32again it was like two different
9:34languages and then I sort of had to stop
9:37myself and I had to realize hold on a
9:40second you're being incredibly rude
9:43remember where you're sitting remember
9:46who you are sitting with and remember
9:48who you are you need to listen to what
9:51he's trying to tell you this is a grand
9:53chief and he's trying to say something
9:54to you so I like to think at that moment
9:57in time I opened my ears to what he was
9:59saying and when I did I could not
10:02believe what he was saying to me he told
10:04me that Jordan was the seventh child to
10:07go missing or to die while at school in
10:10Thunder Bay since 2000 number seven
10:15there's a lot of weight with that word
10:17and if you are a national you know a lot
10:21about the weight of number seven you
10:23know about the seven grandfather's
10:25teaching you know about the seven
10:27generations and when he said that to me
10:29I just I just couldn't believe it and I
10:32couldn't believe it on another level too
10:34I couldn't believe that there were well
10:37Jordan was just missing at that point
10:39but there were six other students who
10:41had gone missing and who had died while
10:44trying to get a high school education in
10:47Canada how come I didn't hear this in
10:50the news where were the screaming
10:53headlines in the CBC or The Globe and
10:55Mail or any other national newspaper I
10:57didn't see that anywhere and I didn't
11:00understand okay well why is that well I
11:05sort of understood
11:06but I didn't really want to understand
11:08why so that's when Stan said to me let
11:12me take you on a drive and so I said
11:15okay and I hopped in Stan's pickup truck
11:19and he popped in a gospel CD in the in
11:26his truck and we started listening to
11:29some music about God and then I remember
11:31looking at Stan I said Stan what's up
11:34with the music and then Stan said to me
11:39he said when I listen to music about God
11:42I think about my son Daniel and then he
11:45told me the story about how Daniel died
11:48how he was beaten to within an inch of
11:51his life basically at a house party for
11:54William first nation and how he died
11:56later in hospital and how he was a
11:59goalie and how he was their only son and
12:02how he had come to Thunder Bay to go to
12:05high school while Stan and his wife were
12:07living in Thunder Bay so he could be
12:09Grand chief up Anishinabe a ski nation
12:11and it became apparent to me that as
12:14Stan was telling me the story about his
12:16son and about losing his son he wasn't
12:18just talking about his son he was also
12:20talking about the seven children that
12:22I'm gonna be talking to you about
12:23tonight he was talking about all of the
12:25all of our failures to keep all of our
12:27kids safe this is what he was really
12:30speaking of so then we get to where
12:33we're going he parks his his truck the
12:36shores of the Communist aqua river and
12:38when we got there I felt kind of sick
12:41because I knew where we were and he said
12:46get out of the truck let's go down to
12:48the water and I got out of the truck and
12:51I looked up and I could see Mount Mackay
12:53and Mount Mackay is the spiritual center
12:56of war at William First Nation Mount
12:59Mackay is my grandmother's reserve mount
13:02McKay's where I've been with my children
13:04for powwow is where they've run through
13:05the grass and there I am staring at
13:07Mount Mackay and that's when Stan said
13:09to me this is where we think the last
13:12place Jordan was when he went missing
13:15and then he told me that trackers from
13:18cat Lake had found his shoe too still
13:20her by the where we were standing and
13:23within just over a month of us standing
13:27where we were Jordans body would be
13:29found exactly where we were that day so
13:34Stan continued on and he took me we got
13:37back in the truck and we went to Dennis
13:39Franklin Cromartie High School and see
13:42the kids behind me that I'm going to
13:44tell you about tonight six of them went
13:46to DF c DF c is a indigenous high school
13:51in Thunder Bay it is a federally funded
13:54high school the money is given to the
13:57First Nations education Authority and
13:59they run the school but you should also
14:02know that historically in this country
14:05indigenous kids have constantly been
14:08underfunded for education I think
14:12generally it's the numbers around 2,000
14:14to 3,000 dollars less per pupil poor
14:16indigenous pupil than a non indigenous
14:18people in this country some provinces
14:21are way worse than others I think a
14:23Saskatchewan is quite bad it's like
14:2510,000 to 12,000 dollars per pupil it's
14:28it's quite remarkable so it fluctuates
14:30all over the place and also to you
14:32should know that if you're operating a
14:34high school in Thunder Bay you should
14:36add a northern quotient on to everything
14:39that the money that you're receiving to
14:41run a high school because you often have
14:43to fly your kids in and out of home
14:45flying your kids in and out of home
14:47takes up you have to charter airplanes
14:49and that's a pretty expensive thing I
14:52was just looking at charters the other
14:53day to go up to Appa [ __ ] and it would
14:56have cost me $2,000 this is what you
14:59have to pay and oftentimes schools have
15:01to take money out of their budget DFC
15:03does if they have to send a child home
15:05because there is an emergency and this
15:07type of thing happens often but anyway
15:11I'll get back to all of that I want to
15:14introduce you to the kids you can see
15:18them all behind me I'm going to tell you
15:21a little bit about them now but I'm
15:23going to tell you more about them later
15:24on as I go the first boy though to go
15:29missing and two to die his name was Jeff
15:33Anderson he's wearing the white baseball
15:36cap in the top left corner up there he
15:40was 15 years old he actually just turned
15:4315 on October 1st of 2008 of Dennis
15:49Franklin Cromartie high school that was
15:51a day of a lot of a lot of happiness
15:53this was the time that the school had
15:55finally opened in Thunder Bay after
15:57there being such a need for a school for
16:00First Nations kids in the city this was
16:02finally opening and nobody thought none
16:05of the educators or the administrators
16:07thought that within one month of the
16:09school opening they would have a missing
16:12child nobody thought that they would
16:15have a dead student as well by the end
16:17of that month I should also tell you
16:21that Jethro was from Casa Bonica Lake
16:23First Nation which is about six hundred
16:26kilometers northwest of Thunder Bay
16:29beside him in the yellow hoodie is Kern
16:32Strang Kern Strang was from pecans accom
16:35first nation and you all being
16:37healthcare professionals you would know
16:40that pecan should come first nation at
16:42one point it was actually the point when
16:45when Curran died had the highest youth
16:49suicide rate in the Western world
16:51it was around 2005 2006 Curran not only
16:56was he a high school student he was also
17:00battling going home constantly having to
17:03go home to funerals
17:04he lost many many friends and relatives
17:07during this time at DFC and he had tried
17:13very many times to - to go to school but
17:17sometimes all of these problems the
17:19things that I'm talking to you about -
17:20that's the suicides and pecans you come
17:23you know the kids when they leave their
17:25homes they don't leave everything at
17:28home they bring it all with them when
17:30they go to school Curran needed so much
17:33more support that he was getting and
17:36sadly he never got that support if you
17:40read the book you will see I was privy
17:43to the inquest records of
17:46of the of the kids of the seven fallen
17:48feathers and there's a quite extensive
17:50chapter on his his schooling and on the
17:54records of him at school and you could
17:57see from when he first started in high
17:59school he was happy in his letters were
18:01loopy and lovely and his handwriting was
18:03as you can see he was clearly a happy
18:06child and then by the time that he just
18:08before he died his letters became very
18:11slanted and over almost like you
18:13couldn't see them it was very telling
18:16very telling
18:18the next the next child is Paul Panna
18:21cheese I'm he was from Mishka gamming
18:23first nation which is the only nation
18:26out of the ones I'm going to talk about
18:28today that you could actually drive
18:29through Mishka GOG man is at the end of
18:32highway five nine nine which in Ontario
18:34was the last serviced provincial roadway
18:37it's about a six-hour drive outside of
18:40Thunder Bay North West and Paul died at
18:44home and I'm going to talk a little bit
18:46about that later because since we are a
18:49crowd here of health professionals I'm
18:51going to tell you a little bit more
18:52about Paul than the other kids
18:55beside Paul was the only girl her name
18:58is Robin Harper
19:00she was from ki Wayland First Nation
19:02keyway when first nation is Northwest
19:05again around 600 700 meters north of
19:08northwest of Thunder Bay and he Wayman
19:12only has about 400 people in it and
19:15there were two students that died from
19:17key Whelan two students that a that in a
19:21community that size is a massive loss it
19:24is a loss that every single person feels
19:27qa1 has had a lot of sorrow that way now
19:32at the bottom in the Sox cap that's
19:34Reggie Bush II he was also fifteen years
19:39old and we actually just had the 10-year
19:42memorial for his death and in Thunder
19:45Bay I can tell you a little bit about
19:48that later on but we had we had a
19:51ceremony
19:51traditionally choice ceremony down by
19:53the water and we had a massive feast and
19:56we brought actually five of the families
19:59of the seven fall
20:00feathers into Thunder Bay for for that
20:02day
20:04Kyle more so is the one that's got the
20:08ear buds in and the black hat and he is
20:10seated beside Reggie Kyle is also from
20:14qa1 first nation so he's the second one
20:17that I was telling you about from a
20:19small community and the boy there is the
20:24one that brought me into this story the
20:26one with the gray hoodie and that's
20:28Jordan my boss and he was also just 15
20:31years old so since I'm talking here with
20:38a group of health professionals i'ma
20:40talk a little bit about the determinants
20:42of health so I was thinking about this a
20:44little bit gosh you're so lucky when I
20:47actually start to think about things
20:48aren't you but I was thinking about this
20:51so because you know um we talked about
20:54in health care you talked so much about
20:56the determinants of health and you know
21:00these are the things that make people
21:01healthy right this determines whether or
21:03not you're going to be a healthy person
21:05and it's by their circumstances by the
21:07environment that they live in this is
21:08what I understand anyway and those
21:11determinants include social economic
21:15environments physical environment the
21:19person's individual characteristics our
21:22genetics and their behaviors and the
21:27context of people's lives determine
21:30their health so blaming people for non
21:34health is inappropriate as far as I can
21:37see when it comes to the determinants of
21:39health so when I look at the communities
21:42of the seven fallen feathers and where
21:44they came from
21:45I can see none of these things I see
21:49improper housing
21:51I see overcrowding I see cemeteries in
21:55front yards I see a lack of sewage I see
22:00a lack of clean water I see a lack of
22:04health and nursing stations I don't see
22:07any doctors I don't see very much mental
22:11health care as well
22:13I've already talked about the lack of
22:14schools there are elementary schools in
22:17the north Anishinabe ascii nation but
22:19schooling basically ends at grade 8 or
22:22grade 9 if you want to continue on your
22:24education you have to get on a plane and
22:27it's like what I was saying earlier
22:28leave every single thing that you know
22:30your family your language and you have
22:33to go to Thunder Bay to go to high
22:35school I also see when I go to the
22:40communities I see a lack of fresh food I
22:43see very expensive prices in northern
22:45stores I don't see very much fruit and
22:49then when I look at Canada I see a
22:52health care system that is marveled at
22:54by the rest of the world everybody
22:56marvels at our health care system and
22:58says how incredible it is you know the
23:01health care system does work it works
23:04for the people that it was not designed
23:05to work for it was designed to work for
23:08non indigenous Canadians it was not
23:11designed to work for First Nations I do
23:15not see a system for the 634 First
23:18Nations in this country each with their
23:21own unique ways and their cultures and
23:23their own unique language as many of
23:26them have their own languages I see 634
23:30First Nations across this country that
23:32are trying to fill out forms that are
23:35trying to fit into colonial systems and
23:38if you you guys you know the health
23:39system you know the battle it is for
23:41many of the bands and the council's if
23:43they want to get health service funding
23:45it's not easy and if they're in crisis -
23:48that's not easy again you're filling out
23:50sometimes forms and one First Nation and
23:53I know in particular was in the middle
23:55of a suicide epidemic of young girls
23:58actually and they had asked Health
24:00Canada had to fill out the form and
24:01asked for money saying you know we we
24:03need help here and they were told by
24:05Health Canada that this is not in our
24:06budget cycle right now I see also -
24:11community band councils doing many
24:13things at this time there they're
24:15filling out the forms they're trying to
24:17get all of this stuff together for for
24:19healthcare but not just for health care
24:21they're also trying to do things like
24:22order bulldozers bring up construction
24:25equipment
24:26try and find housing trying to get clean
24:28water there is no Department federal
24:32Department of Health Canada there is
24:33there are no 60,000 or 70,000
24:36bureaucrats in their public service
24:38waiting there to fill everything out and
24:40to help them through so I see two
24:45different things I see a real disconnect
24:47between a Western health care system and
24:50an indigenous health care system there
24:55are so many different things on the go
24:57for for these nations at this time and
25:00it's such a challenging reality I really
25:02do hope that there they do find a way to
25:05sort of work it all together but this is
25:07not going to be easy and I'm honestly
25:10I'm not here tonight to yell at
25:12everybody or to say you know this is
25:15this is a problem that you have created
25:17this is a problem that we all have now
25:21and that we all must work together to
25:24change I don't want you to be paralyzed
25:27by all the things that I'm saying I
25:29don't want you to say but what can I do
25:30you know this is how it's always been
25:32that's a federal responsibility that's
25:34not really my responsibility I work for
25:36the province so I work for a Lyn or I
25:38work for this or that because I don't
25:40think that that really washes anymore I
25:43think that for a long time
25:45Canadians have had an indifference to
25:49First Nations issues and to indigenous
25:51issues and that has built what we see
25:54now today that has built the sort of the
25:58Canadian healthcare system and the lack
26:00of a health care system for indigenous
26:02people I think that that has caused a
26:05lot of violence and that violence is
26:06what we are seeing now today we see that
26:09sort of percolate we see it with the
26:12Gerald Stanley trial with the death of
26:14Colton bushy we see it with Tina
26:17Fontaine the death of Tina Fontaine and
26:19we see it with the seven fallen feathers
26:21we see this all throughout the country
26:24and so you see when I was telling you
26:26before that this is not just a story
26:27about Thunder Bay it isn't this is a
26:29story about the whole country but you
26:32have to understand the context - of
26:34where this all comes from I'm going to
26:39give you that context
26:40little bit now hens since we're in
26:43Ottawa I'd like to read my favorite
26:45quote from Sir John a McDonald's
26:49remember how I was telling you about how
26:52the kids in the north have to fly and
26:55leave their homes if they want to go to
26:57school leave their language their
26:58culture and everything they have in
27:01order to get an education which is a
27:02fundamental right of every other child
27:04in this nation well doesn't this sound a
27:07lot like sort of something else that
27:08we've experienced in this country and
27:10that's the Indian residential school
27:12system and I'm just going to refresh
27:14your memories a little bit on what that
27:16was and what it was all about as you
27:19know from the mid 1880s to 1996 when the
27:24last residential school closed 150,000
27:27indigenous kids were taken from their
27:30families from their language from their
27:32culture from everything that they knew
27:35and they were sent to government-run
27:38church funded oh sorry got that wrong
27:41Church run government funded schools and
27:46the reason why they did this the
27:49government did this was because of
27:51something called the Indian Act it was
27:53because of treaties it was because of
27:55land and it was because of a belief that
28:00the best thing for indigenous people who
28:03at that point the term was savages when
28:06they were thinking about in addition is
28:07people but the best thing for them was
28:09to assimilate them into Canadian society
28:12and this was a prevailing thought at the
28:15moment this is from Sir John a MacDonald
28:17when the school is on the reserve the
28:20child lives with the parents who are
28:21savages he is surrounded by savages and
28:24though he may learn to read and write
28:26his habits and training and mode of
28:28thought are Indian he is simply a savage
28:31you can read and write it has been
28:34strongly pressed on myself as head of
28:36the department that Indian children
28:38should be withdrawn as much as possible
28:40from the parental influence and the only
28:42way to do that would be to put them in
28:44central training industrial schools
28:46where they will acquire the habits and
28:48modes of thought of white men
28:53so remember how earlier I was telling
28:56you I went to go visit Stan Stan Berra
28:58Teja grand chief who gave me a good
29:01piece of advice took me a while but I
29:02finally did listen to what he was saying
29:04well before I started to write 7 fallen
29:07feathers I sat down and I spoke to
29:09another grand chief this one his name is
29:12Elvin fiddler he's uh he's a good friend
29:14of mine and he is now the grand chief of
29:17Anishinabe a ski nation after Stan after
29:20Stan left and I remember it was at
29:22Easter weekend about two years ago we
29:24sat down and I said to Alvin you know
29:26Alvin I've been meaning to write a book
29:29about the seven students who died in
29:30Thunder Bay and Alvin looked at me and
29:34he nodded his head and then I apologized
29:36and I said you know Alvin I'm sorry that
29:39I didn't have a chance to write it
29:40before but you know life got in the way
29:44I'm a mom I have a job I've got two kids
29:48and I needed to be in a certain space I
29:51think when I was writing about the seven
29:53fallen feathers it's not an easy it's
29:56not an easy topic and I needed to be
29:59mentally and emotionally in a certain
30:01spot when I wrote this book and I was
30:04ready then when I talked to Elvin and he
30:07looked at me and he said you know you
30:09weren't meant to write that book before
30:11but you are now and then he said to me
30:14you need to start with Johnny when Jack
30:15and I looked at him and I was
30:19embarrassed because I didn't know who
30:21Johnny when Jack was at that moment this
30:24was before gore Downey and the secret
30:28path I had not read the Ian Adams
30:30article in Maclean's talking about
30:32Johnny it was written and published in
30:341967 I wasn't aware of him I should have
30:38been but I wasn't so he gave me some
30:42good advice
30:43because you see Johnny's story is tied
30:45into the seven students stories it's
30:48tied into all of the kids stories
30:50actually and when he told me when Alvin
30:54told me you need to start with Johnny I
30:56packed up my kids and my mom and we went
30:59from Thunder Bay where we were staying
31:02once
31:03and we drove to Canora and I went to go
31:06see an elder I went to go see Thomas
31:08White from Grand Council treaty number
31:10three and I went to the spot where
31:13Cecelia Jeffrey Indian Residential
31:14school used to stand and there's nothing
31:19left
31:20really if cecilia jeffery the entire
31:22building has been razed to the ground
31:23and the territory that it stood on by
31:25round lake has been given to Grand
31:27Council treated number three and so
31:28Grand Council Treaty three has stuck a
31:30little tiny mobile home on it that's
31:32what it looks like anyway in this little
31:33tiny office and in the little office
31:36it's a satellite office was Thomas white
31:39so I went to go see Thomas white and I
31:42asked him about Shawnee and I asked him
31:44about Cecilia Jeffrey Indian Residential
31:46school I said please tell me more tell
31:48me more about about this place and he
31:51pulled out he went under his desk and he
31:53pulled out this massive briefcase his
31:55black plastic briefcase and inside there
31:57were all of these photographs and I
32:00couldn't believe what I was seeing and I
32:02felt again sort of sick to my stomach
32:03because as I looked down and I noticed
32:05they were photograph after photograph
32:08hundreds of them of all of these kids
32:10from different different years from the
32:1430s 40s 50s 60s from the 70s and none of
32:19them were labeled there were no
32:21identification marks there were maybe
32:23honestly a handful of photographs so
32:26we're lucky enough to have any any
32:29thought of taking down the name of who
32:32was in these pictures and I kept
32:34thinking to myself I think I'm gonna be
32:36sick if I was a parent of one of these
32:40kids I would want to know how my child
32:42is I would like to know and look in
32:45these faces where is my child did they
32:48ever see any of these photographs I'm
32:51willing to bet no not at all and why I
32:55like this picture in particular is is
32:58because this is the standard issue of
33:00Cecilia Jeffrey Indian Residential
33:02school it was a Presbyterian and United
33:06Church who run the school and this is
33:08what the kids wore they wore flannel
33:10shirts jeans they had like little
33:14windbreakers and they also
33:17leather boots and if you know the story
33:19about Shawnee when Jack that's exactly
33:21what he was wearing when he was found on
33:23the railway tracks at the end of October
33:26in 1966 of course he ran away he ran
33:30away from this residential school he
33:33wasn't the only kid to run away that
33:35Sunday evening to nine kids from Cecelia
33:38Jeffrey ran away that afternoon and you
33:40have to think to yourself I wonder why
33:43nine children were running away that
33:45Sunday what was waiting for them later
33:48on in the day that they all took off
33:52Johnny got pretty far and johnny was a
33:54smart kid he was 12 years old and he
33:56thought to himself in his
33:57twelve-year-old mind I came in here by
34:00railway so I'm going to go home by
34:02railway so that's why he walked along
34:05the railway and he walked and he walked
34:08and he walked and he got to just outside
34:11of Reddit Ontario where he couldn't walk
34:14anymore and he died of exposure because
34:18if you know anything about Northern
34:19Ontario you know that in the day time
34:22around the coast of Superior it can be
34:24beautiful outside during the day it can
34:26be warm and sunny and then at night it
34:29drops to a really cold freezing and Lake
34:32Superior is quite quite a monster
34:34sometimes it's sort of it it's it
34:36handles all the weather systems really
34:38in that area you know a breeze can blow
34:41in a cold rain awful weather at the last
34:45moment and that's where in reddit
34:48Ontario's where Johnny was found he was
34:51walking almost he was trying to walk and
34:53he didn't know this but home was a
34:54thousand kilometres away so that was
34:57quite a journey quite a journey to have
34:59and he don't have any food with you to
35:04remember how I was saying that there
35:07weren't any identification marks on any
35:09of the pictures I got lucky with this
35:12picture here and this is a picture that
35:14I love because this is a picture of of
35:17pearl pearl when Jack pearl is number
35:21six on the screen I couldn't believe it
35:24when I found that she would have been
35:27about 16 or 17 at this time
35:30and she was at Cecelia Jeffrey Indian
35:33Residential school - and that's her
35:36there with the glasses on I'm gonna do I
35:42hope you don't mind but I'm gonna do a
35:44small reading about the last time pearl
35:47saw her brother it's it's important this
35:52is important to the story and this sort
35:54of gives you an idea - of how close she
35:56was to her brother and what things were
35:59like for them where they lived at ago
36:01keepo switches martin falls first nation
36:03that's along the Albany River so just
36:07bear with me for a minute
36:08in September 1966 18 year-old pearl when
36:12Jack is balancing on the pontoons of a
36:14plane floating on the deep clear water
36:16of the Albany River the pontoons marked
36:19the location of the ago key post Airport
36:21which is 3.2 kilometers northeast of
36:24Martin Falls first nation the when Jack
36:27family lives at a go keep host where the
36:29ago key River converges with the mighty
36:31Albany that feeds into James Bay a go
36:34key is a community of a few hundred
36:36people and part of the larger Martin
36:37Falls first nation fir trees lined the
36:40banks as far as the eye can see on a
36:43sunny day the river acts as a mirror
36:45casting an endless reflection of the
36:47forests edge Perl is small in stature
36:50with a slight agile build her brown eyes
36:53set back over high cheekbones never
36:55failed to twinkle with merriment Perl
36:58has a fun-loving personality and a sharp
37:00mind her comments are always intelligent
37:03and insightful and she always knows what
37:05is going on and with whom she has a
37:07knack for bringing levity and ease no
37:09matter how serious a situation making
37:12you feel that everything's gonna be just
37:13alright pearls personality would have
37:16attracted her 12 year old brother Johnny
37:18like a magnet he too had a mischievous
37:21streak and their busy house of eleven
37:23kids she held a special spot for him in
37:25her heart and he for her for reasons
37:29unknown to her pearls name had been left
37:32off the list of kids from the reserve
37:33who being sent to Cecilia Jeffery Indian
37:36Residential school her siblings Annie
37:39Margaret Daisy Evelyn Martha Lizzie
37:43George and Shani we're waiting for the
37:45plane but she was the only one who's
37:47told she would stay home that year why
37:50aren't you going Shani asked looking up
37:52at his older sister my name is not on
37:55the list
37:55she replied if you weren't going I don't
37:58want to go either he said it was the
38:01first time pearl had heard her brother
38:02say he didn't want to return to school
38:05pearl told him he had to go there father
38:08wanted him to go to school and all his
38:10friends were already on the plane there
38:12was no choice here Shani understood
38:15after our moment of silence he looked up
38:18at pearl and asked her to promise to do
38:20a few things for him she remembers this
38:23is what he said washed all my clothes
38:26and put them away put them in a box he
38:28said referring to the compact cardboard
38:31boxes that they're cartons of eggs were
38:33delivered in you can have my burgundy
38:35sweater the one that buttons up the
38:37front put my red cap on the top of the
38:39box he waited for a moment and then he
38:42continued look after my dogs matches in
38:46any mush make sure they don't get lost
38:48or beaten up she agreed but she felt a
38:51twinge of unease then she stood back on
38:54the shoreline and watched her brother
38:55climb into the plane and take a seat she
38:58wondered why he had asked her to pack up
39:00his clothes and put them in a box that
39:03was odd that was what they did when
39:05somebody died Johnny never came home
39:11again in October of that year that's
39:17when he left school in October and late
39:20October's when he died and it's
39:23important that you know that an inquest
39:24was held in to Johnny's death and this
39:28is important an inquest was held and
39:32there were no indigenous people on the
39:35jury
39:35Johnny's family had no idea the inquest
39:39was taken place they were given no legal
39:41representation and the jury of the
39:44inquest they had some interesting things
39:46to say actually they had one really
39:49interesting question and that was why
39:51are we doing this why are we doing this
39:54in the 1960s why are we taking chill
39:57away from their families from their
39:59homes from their culture from their
40:01language from everything they know and
40:03sending them away to school why is it we
40:07don't have schools for all children in
40:10their communities that was in the 1960s
40:14you can see where I'm going with this
40:18now as I go back to the seven fallen
40:20feathers
40:21it is 2018 and we are still asking those
40:25same questions why do we not have high
40:28schools for every child in this country
40:31that needs one in every community that
40:33needs one that you should also know is
40:35one of the chief recommendations of the
40:37Truth and Reconciliation Commission and
40:39it also is out of the inquest into the
40:41death of the seven students so I
40:46promised I would talk to you a little
40:48bit more about the kids and I'm going to
40:51and when I talk about all this - I know
40:55that your health professionals so I hope
40:57you're all thinking about the
40:58determinants of health that we were all
41:00talking about before because that's all
41:02really important to remember in the
41:04story of all these kids this all plays a
41:06role into the deaths of all seven so
41:11Jethro Anderson remember I was telling
41:13you about him 15 years old and he was
41:15the first the first child to go missing
41:17and to die
41:18it was his birthday remember on October
41:211st that's when he turned 15 he was a
41:23good kid he never it wasn't his pattern
41:26to to disappear and not come home and he
41:29was actually one of the luckier kids -
41:31because instead of going to a boarding
41:32house where he didn't know anybody he
41:34got to go to Dora Morris's house and
41:36Dora Morris is an awesome woman and she
41:39was his aunt she was sister to his
41:43father Sam so he was living in a loving
41:48home he was living with Dora Dora
41:49basically raised Jethro as well
41:52throughout his young life when his
41:54parents were having problems or troubles
41:56Dora would take him in and so when he
42:00didn't come home on that Saturday
42:02evening after he was supposed to be out
42:04at the mall Dora
42:07of course panicked and she called the
42:09Thunder Bay police
42:11she called to say my my nephew hasn't
42:14come home I'm really worried and the
42:17person who answered the phone told her
42:19not to worry he said don't worry about
42:22it he's probably just out there partying
42:24like all the other native kids and then
42:26he hung the phone up so what did Dora do
42:29Dora got into her car into her minivan
42:32with her husband Tom and they started to
42:34drive around the streets of Thunder Bay
42:37lots of First Nations people started to
42:40help them and from Casablanca lake first
42:43nation to remember I was telling you is
42:44about 600 kilometres away well his mom
42:46Stella came down his dad came down
42:48members of the community came down and
42:50also members from other northern
42:52communities came down because that's
42:53what you do in the north of one of your
42:55own goes missing everybody comes in
42:57everybody starts looking and so
42:59indigenous people were out looking for
43:00Jethro for six days it took six days for
43:04the Thunder Bay police to respond and
43:06start looking for a missing 15 year old
43:07boy Kern Strang remember I was telling
43:12you about him being from pecans you come
43:14and the significance of that about what
43:18he was dealing with at home with the
43:20high suicide rate that was going on at
43:22the moment and pecans youcome pecans
43:24come at that time too had also lost its
43:26elementary school it that was a that was
43:30actually a really a big deal because the
43:33elementary school was a place where the
43:34kids all felt safe and they had they
43:35loved to be there and it sadly it burned
43:39to the ground and so that was no longer
43:40there anymore so the kids had to go to
43:42school and portables there was a lot
43:43going on if you can to come at the time
43:45when he died and I should also tell you
43:48too that there is no suggestion
43:50whatsoever that any of the sudden fall
43:52and feathers committed suicide there is
43:54absolutely no medical evidence that says
43:56any of that as I talk about them I will
43:59tell you that five of the seven fallen
44:02feathers five of the boys their bodies
44:06were all found in the waters surrounding
44:08Thunder Bay and the inquest into all of
44:11the sevens deaths never heard exactly
44:15how it was there's no evidence brought
44:18forward how it was the boys got from the
44:21riverbank into the water
44:24nothing all official cases though the
44:28the deaths were determined that they had
44:31drowned was cause of death and most of
44:33them but again how do they get from
44:35point A to point B that's a question and
44:38you'll also notice too that a lot of the
44:39kids that were found in the water they
44:41died late October November September
44:46anybody knows anything about Thunder Bay
44:48nose you don't go swimming in October or
44:50November and a lot of these kids - you
44:53should know they come from communities
44:55and they know all about water they know
44:57how to swim you don't often hear about
44:59drownings of kids by the water inside
45:03the First Nations communities but yet
45:05you do in Thunder Bay Paul pana cheese
45:10was 21 he was the oldest boy it's Paul
45:17right there and he he was 21 and still
45:23trying to get a high school education
45:25imagine he'd been to 10 different
45:27boarding houses ten different ones you
45:29know cuz sometimes you don't really
45:30match up with someone right like you
45:32know if you get you have to go to a
45:34boarding house sometimes the parents it
45:36doesn't go very well or you just there's
45:38some Missha personalities and you have
45:40to sort of move on or you don't like it
45:42there one of the boarding houses though
45:44that he had been in oh thank you 5
45:46minute when did the boarding houses that
45:49he had been in if you didn't make it
45:51home for dinner on time they put locks
45:54on all the cupboards so the kids
45:56couldn't get any anything to eat
45:59imagine a growing teenage boy not being
46:02able to get anything to eat and you
46:03should also know too that a lot of these
46:05kids they come from families that
46:07there's not a lot of extra money nobody
46:09had an extra 20 or 40 or $50 hang your
46:11own in their pocket so they could go
46:13walk the subway and get a sandwich or
46:14something like this I mean having a
46:17cellphone would be a luxury especially
46:19at this time so you have to keep all
46:22that in context - and remember how he
46:24told you - that I would talk a little
46:26bit more about Paul I swear I'll be fast
46:28about this but it's a it's important
46:31that you know a little bit more about
46:32him because Paul died on his mom's
46:34kitchen floor because his mom Marianne
46:37panitch
46:38she said you know what after ten
46:41different boarding houses in the factory
46:4321 I'm gonna move to Thunder Bay and I'm
46:45gonna rent a house and you're gonna get
46:46your high school education and so that's
46:48what she did she rented a house and she
46:51was looking after him and she also had
46:53one other boarder with them and on the
46:57night that Paul passed he had he had
47:01gone out for a little bit he had gone to
47:02a party with his friend Sean wavy and he
47:07didn't stay long maybe about an hour
47:08then he came back home he was around
47:11midnight Marianne was asleep upstairs
47:13and she heard a bang bang bang at the
47:14front door so she ran down the stairs
47:17and she opened the door and there was
47:18Paul and he said to her I'm home mom I'm
47:22home so she said okay come on in
47:25he came in she went back to bed and she
47:30could hear him rustling around in the
47:31kitchen he was making a package actually
47:34of mr. noodles on the stove so he was
47:37cooking she could hear him on the phone
47:39she was talking to a friend then he hung
47:42up and then he she heard a thud so she
47:45ran downstairs and then she saw Paul
47:48lying on the kitchen floor she ran and
47:52she got a pillow and she put a pillow
47:55underneath Paul's head because she
47:57thought Paul had just passed out or gone
47:59to sleep and she tried to wake him and
48:01she said to him get up get up Paul if
48:04you want to if you want to sleep go
48:06upstairs to go to the couch to your bed
48:08sleep he didn't respond so she went she
48:13got the other boarder who was asleep in
48:14his room
48:15Ritchie and she said come so he came and
48:19then he said to her call 9-1-1 so she
48:23did 911 came and took Paul the way that
48:28was the last that she saw of her son and
48:30it's important that you know as we talk
48:33again about the determinants of health
48:34and it's important you know as health
48:36care providers that nobody called
48:38Marianne to tell her how her son died no
48:42one not a doctor not a coroner not a
48:45police officer nobody she didn't know
48:48how he passed
48:51she waited for nine years she waited for
48:54nine years till the start at the inquest
48:56into the death of seven students to find
48:58out how her son died and when she was
49:03there to get the news what happened
49:05guess what she was told
49:08we have no idea toxicology report showed
49:12nothing out of ordinary in his system
49:15they had no idea how he had passed and
49:18of course at that point everything had
49:20been destroyed because you know
49:21coroner's and as you guys know you keep
49:23things for a certain amount of time and
49:24then you you don't keep them anymore and
49:26the so the time period had elapsed and
49:29they said to her you know you should get
49:30tested for a genetic abnormality because
49:32sometimes you know people as you know
49:34healthy young men can just sort of drop
49:37dead and they said go get tested so her
49:40whole family did for genetic heart
49:41abnormality and guess what they found
49:45absolutely nothing so she still has no
49:49answers at all as to how her son died
49:52Robyn Harper's the other student who
49:55died at home she passed away in her
49:58boarding home she had been out drinking
50:00that night she had only been in Thunder
50:02Bay for about three or four days she was
50:04not used to alcohol and so she drank far
50:06too much and what happened was she has
50:08fixated on her own vomit in the actually
50:11in the hallway of her boarding house and
50:13the the inquest into her death heard
50:16that it was not wise to take her home
50:19and just to leave her in the the doorway
50:21of her boarding home she should have
50:23been taken to the hospital because she
50:24was having alcohol poisoning and the
50:28thought is is that if that would have
50:29happened she would have lived Reggie
50:33Bush she remember I was telling you a
50:34little bit at the beginning of our talk
50:35about him his body was found November
50:401st in the McIntyre River and his his
50:42case is also really important for you to
50:44know because his mum wrote a king she
50:48did something really interesting when
50:51they called an inquest into Reggie
50:53Bush's death and that was after the
50:54fighting of nish Nobby a ski nation
50:56after the the probing and the constant
50:58you need to call an inquest into what's
51:00happening in to Thunder Bay the kids and
51:02Thunder Bay are dying when they come
51:03here to go to school we need help in
51:05what's going on that was the message
51:08coming from indigenous leaders at the
51:10time and the message back to them was
51:12okay after years seven years we will
51:15give you one inquest into one death and
51:17that was in Reggie Bush's death well
51:20Rhoda King Reggie's mom said uh-uh I
51:25don't think so
51:27she's interesting because you know her
51:29first language is it was a boy and so
51:32she was she wanted to know who's on the
51:37jury of this inquest if you're going to
51:38be holding an inquest into my son's
51:40death where are the indigenous people
51:43her question started a challenge in
51:46Northern Ontario that stopped the court
51:49systems for a long time wasn't just her
51:53challenge oh there were other families
51:55the families of Marlene Pierre asking
51:57the same questions
51:58where are the indigenous members of the
52:00jury that are going to be listening to
52:02our stories so what happened was after
52:04another court challenge for about five
52:07years in Northern Ontario many of the
52:10cases ground to a halt until the
52:12question of juries and the jury roll
52:14system was looked at and that is really
52:17sort of indicative to of what's been
52:19happening for so long in Northern
52:22Ontario but it's also indicative to
52:23what's been happening all over the
52:24country kylemore so he was 17 years old
52:30he was from keyway when first nation to
52:33remember I was telling you about him he
52:36is the grandson of Norville more so one
52:40of the most famous painters whichaway
52:43painters ever
52:46that's Kyle and Kyle was also a painter
52:49there's a good story about Kyle Kyle's
52:52father is Christian more so and
52:55Christian actually was holding right
52:57here in Ottawa they held he held a an
53:00art show and he said well if you're
53:02gonna display my art I want my son
53:03Kyle's art shown as well and so both of
53:06them had art shown at a gallery here in
53:08Ottawa and on that night Kyle sold more
53:13paintings and his father
53:15that's his dad Christian more so you
53:18know I often say that many hands wrote
53:20this book it wasn't just me there was
53:23there was many of us that wrote this
53:24book together and Christian very much
53:27helped Christian gave gave me the title
53:31seven fallen feathers because he was
53:33sick and tired of hearing the media he
53:35was sick and tired of hearing
53:36politicians he was sick and tired of
53:37everybody saying seven dead students
53:39over and over again they weren't just
53:41seven dead students they were each child
53:43they were loved by their families and
53:45their communities they were they were
53:47kids that had their own lives they were
53:49the seven fallen feathers and after the
53:53inquest into the death of the seven kids
53:55which took eight months and wrapped up
53:57at the end of June 2016 there was no
54:03closure for Christian he remembers the
54:06last night of the inquest he thought
54:08that maybe there would be something
54:09maybe after 145 recommendations and
54:12after hearing all of it there would be
54:13something for him and there was just
54:15nothing so what he did was he got up and
54:17he started to paint and he painted for
54:20three days straight and this is what he
54:22painted it's a wreck home to his son his
54:26son is on the top right corner he's the
54:30tallest of the seven fallen feathers and
54:32this is our journey to the afterlife
54:35Robin is the only girl and so she's
54:37given a place of prominence she's got
54:39the looks like yellow shoulder pads and
54:41you can see that they're all traveling
54:44up towards the drum they're all
54:45traveling to the afterlife and a little
54:47the little red figures that are there
54:50waiting for them those are their elders
54:52that have passed before them and so
54:54there is Norval more so waiting for his
54:56grandson right there in the top right
54:58and the last students that I was I was
55:06telling you about was Jordan and there
55:08he is
55:08he was a goalie just like Daniel Bertie
55:12Stan's son Jordan was a really talented
55:15Goldie and there he is he's got this
55:18silver shirt on and the Maple Leafs cap
55:20that's gray in backwards in the front
55:21row and that's Jordans mom Bernice Jacob
55:27and that's the last day of the
55:29quest into their deaths after the 145
55:31recommendations came out and that's
55:34Jordans grandma actually right beside
55:36her Beulah
55:39Springs me to Thunder Bay today and I
55:41know I've probably gone over my five
55:43minutes but I will just quickly wrap up
55:46I told you about the inquest and the
55:50recommendations I also told you that one
55:52of the recommendations one of the chief
55:53recommendations was to having schools
55:55for all the children that need them in
55:57their own communities again that is one
55:59of the TRC recommendations as well and
56:01chief of course among all the
56:03recommendations was the full
56:04implementation of Jordan's principle no
56:07more excuses the full implementation of
56:09those principles for all of our kids
56:12also - at the end of the inquest the
56:17government of Ontario actually stepped
56:19in and they sent something called the
56:22office of the Independent Police Review
56:24director which is an offshoot of the
56:26Ministry of the Attorney General in to
56:28investigate the Thunder Bay police force
56:30and the two their handling of indigenous
56:32death and disappearance cases they were
56:35looking for cases of systemic racism and
56:38it goes back several decades as a result
56:41of that there are 30 death
56:42investigations that are being reviewed
56:4430 death investigations most of them are
56:47indigenous a few of them are not because
56:49they have to get non-indigenous people
56:51look at the notes of how police officers
56:53handled those cases compare them how
56:55they handled the cases of indigenous
56:58people and also part of that are nine
57:01cases another nine cases of murdered and
57:04missing indigenous women and girls and
57:08you should also know that the Thunder
57:09Bay Police Service Board you know about
57:13police service boards their job is to
57:15police the police they are also being
57:17investigated and they are being
57:19investigated right now by Senator Murray
57:22Sinclair and if that sort of doesn't
57:25tell you the breadth and the scope of
57:27what's been going on in Thunder Bay I
57:28don't know what will and I wish I could
57:32tell you too that there was a happy
57:33ending to the story but there's not i
57:37often sort of tell people that this is a
57:40history of now it's a history of our
57:42past
57:42this is also the history of what we're
57:44facing now and it's also the history of
57:46our future I thought I was finished
57:49writing some phone feathers and then on
57:52May 6 I discovered I wasn't
57:55I had to write an epilogue because on
57:57May 6th at night a Saturday night two
57:59more two more kids went missing tami
58:03quiche she was 17 from North Kerala
58:05Chris nation
58:06Josiah beg from ki he also went missing
58:10and within two weeks both of their
58:12bodies would be found in the McIntyre
58:14river system this is um we had a
58:20memorial for Robin Harper just recently
58:23in January and that's Norma keechak
58:26Norma Tkaczyk is head of DFC Dennis
58:29Franklin Cromartie High School that's
58:35poplar Hill First Nation poplar Hill
58:38First Nation is where Ricky Strang and
58:41his brother Reggie bushier from and so
58:45I'm gonna end to you tonight with
58:48thinking please don't be paralyzed by
58:49all the things that I said please don't
58:51think that you can't sort of help and be
58:53the change because honestly it's going
58:55to be up to all of us to rewrite
58:57everything that has happened I mean if
59:00we are really serious about going
59:01forward with reconciliation we have to
59:04acknowledge that there are basic human
59:06rights that need to be brought up to
59:08speed in our indigenous communities
59:10basic human rights like having an
59:12education for every single child in this
59:14country that's under the age of 18 and I
59:16don't think that we will achieve
59:18reconciliation until we bring these
59:20basic things up things like clean water
59:22for everybody things like medical care
59:25for everybody that is equal not patched
59:28in different different ways you guys are
59:32the change and you're the ones that have
59:34to write this happy ending and I hope
59:37that you do Jimmy which for having me
59:39here today
59:41[Applause]