Full transcript
0:01What do the creator of parcel lockers ,
0:03the owner of this bar , the founders of
0:04one of the most famous AI companies in
0:06the world , and the richest Pole have in
0:08common ? For several days now , one thing
0:11: a nuclear reactor . A group of Polish
0:13entrepreneurs representing
0:15approximately 6,070 billion złoty of
0:17private wealth . Including Rafał
0:19Brzoska , Krzysztof Pawiński , the
0:21creators of elevs , the owners of OSI
0:23ZPUE , and one of the founders of
0:25Virtual Poland , have decided to invest
0:28approximately half a billion złoty in
0:30the development of small-module nuclear
0:32energy . And this is only the Polish
0:34portion of a larger round of financing
0:36for Syntos Green Energy , Michał
0:38Sołow's company , which wants to
0:40develop SMRs , small modular reactors ,
0:42in Poland and other European countries .
0:46There's just one problem : this
0:47technology remains largely unproven
0:49commercially . There are only two SMR
0:52reactors currently operating in the
0:54world . And the first BWRX300 , exactly
0:56the type intended for Poland , is
0:58currently being built in Canada . Is
1:01this one of the most prominent examples
1:03of Poland catching up with the West ,
1:05where Poles aren't trying to copy
1:07solutions proven abroad but rather
1:09pioneer this still largely unproven
1:11technology ? Is nuclear Poland entering
1:13the game ? Let's find out . October is
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2:13This way , you don't have to wait for
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2:17trunk , and then separately search for a
2:20free workshop . You choose the tires ,
2:22the service , and a convenient date , and
2:24then simply arrive for installation . So
2:26if you're planning to change your tires
2:28this fall , you don't have to wait for
2:30the first snow . Check out oponeo.pl .
2:33You'll find the link in the pinned
2:34comment . When we think of a nuclear
2:38power plant , we imagine huge cooling
2:41towers and a unit with a capacity of
2:43over 1,000 MW , built over a decade . The
2:47SMR Small Modular Reactor is an attempt
2:49to reverse this logic . Small because ,
2:52according to the International Atomic
2:54Energy Agency , its electrical capacity
2:56does not exceed 300 MW per unit . That's
2:58roughly one-third of a typical large
3:00unit . Modular because key components
3:02are to be manufactured in series in a
3:04factory and only assembled on the
3:06construction site . A classic nuclear
3:08power plant is largely a massive ,
3:10on-site construction project . In the
3:12SMR concept , most of the equipment and
3:14entire modules are to be standardized ,
3:17mass-produced in factories , transported
3:19to the site , and only then assembled .
3:21The physics themselves remain unchanged
3:23. Fission of uranium nuclei produces
3:25heat . The heat converts water into
3:27steam , and the steam turns the turbine .
3:29This is an attempt to transfer the
3:31logic known from the aviation and
3:33shipbuilding industries to nuclear
3:35energy . Fewer individual megaprojects ,
3:37more repeatable production .
3:39Theoretically , this means shorter
3:41construction times , less capital
3:43required for a single investment , and
3:45lower financial risk . However , this
3:47doesn't automatically translate into
3:49cheaper energy . A smaller reactor loses
3:51some of the economies of scale of a
3:53large power plant . The entire SMR
3:54economic model is therefore based on
3:56the assumption that mass production ,
3:59standardization , and shorter
4:00construction times will compensate for
4:02this loss . SMRs can utilize a wide
4:05variety of technologies . These include
4:08water-based , gas-based , liquid
4:10metal-cooled , and molten salt-based
4:12designs . The BWRX300 , co-developed by
4:16Syntos , belongs to the most
4:18conventional family : a boiling water
4:21reactor developed by GE Wernova Hitachi
4:23. Behind all this , then , lies great
4:26promise . Nuclear power is cheaper ,
4:29faster , and more predictable . Can it be
4:31fulfilled ? To understand the SMR craze ,
4:34we need to consider four forces driving
4:36the global energy sector today . The
4:38first is demand . After years of
4:40stagnation , the world once again needs
4:42more and more electricity . The
4:44International Energy Agency predicts
4:47that by 2030 , demand will grow by 3.6 %
4:49annually , half the rate of the previous
4:52decade . This growth was driven by
4:54industry , electric cars , air
4:56conditioning , and data centers , which ,
4:58thanks to the artificial intelligence
4:59boom , are expected to nearly double
5:01their energy consumption by the end of
5:03the decade . That's why tech giants are
5:05turning to nuclear power . Google signed
5:07a contract for energy from Chy Power
5:09reactors . Amazon invested in X Energy ,
5:13and Meta has contracted for 6.6 GW of
5:16nuclear capacity . At the same time ,
5:18countries are trying to reduce
5:20emissions and dependence on fossil
5:22fuels . Wind and photovoltaics are
5:24developing rapidly , but their
5:26production depends on weather
5:27conditions . Therefore , the value of
5:29sources capable of supplying energy
5:31regardless of the time of day is also
5:33growing . Nuclear power offers ideal
5:36low-emission and controllable
5:37production , while simultaneously
5:39limiting countries ' exposure to fossil
5:42fuel imports . The IA even speaks of the
5:44possible dawn of a new era of nuclear
5:47energy . The third , constantly growing
5:50factor is security . Russian gas and oil
5:52are largely disappearing from the
5:53market . The nuclear power plant has
5:55been blocked , and although it is slowly
5:57being reopened , it is unclear whether
5:59this will happen fully or for how long .
6:01All this accelerates the shift of
6:03countries towards renewable energy
6:05sources , but also towards energy
6:07stabilizers , for which SMRs are ideally
6:09suited . These are not only stable and
6:12nearly zero-emission , but also do not
6:14make us dependent on authoritarian
6:16states seeking to exploit dependencies
6:18for their own vested interests . The
6:21final incentive is money . Large blocks
6:24require enormous capital outlays , a
6:26lengthy investment process , and are
6:28associated with the risk of delays and
6:30cost overruns . SMR is an attempt to
6:32change this economics . The British
6:35Hinkley Point project was supposed to
6:37cost 18 billion pounds . Today , EDF
6:39estimates it at 35 billion , and the
6:42first unit won't be operational until
6:442030 at the earliest . France's
6:47Flamanville 3 was completed over 12
6:49years late , and the cost has quadrupled
6:51. A smaller unit can potentially be
6:55more easily financed , built in stages ,
6:57and additional modules added as demand
7:00grows . Standardization and a greater
7:04share of factory production are
7:05expected to shift the nuclear economy
7:08from economies of scale to economies of
7:10series , benefiting from producing
7:12successive identical reactors . Lower
7:16capacity also opens up new locations
7:18where a gigawatt reactor would be too
7:21large . Industrial plants , smaller power
7:24systems , and areas formerly slated for
7:26closure of coal-fired power plants —
7:28all of which are abundant in Poland .
7:31These locations offer relatively easy
7:33utilization of existing connections ,
7:35infrastructure , and workforce skills .
7:38Furthermore , SMRs can provide not only
7:40electricity but also industrial heat .
7:43The Nuclear Energy Agency estimates
7:45that by 2050 , as much as 450 GW of
7:47existing coal-fired capacity could be
7:50located in locations particularly
7:52promising for nuclear transition . The
7:55catch is . Most of these promises are
7:59still only on paper , as only two SMs
8:01currently deliver electricity to the
8:03grid , and neither is located in the
8:06West . The first is the Russian
8:09Lomonosov Akademi power plant , which
8:11has been powering the Arctic town of
8:14Pevek since 2020. The second is in
8:16China , where a high-temperature reactor
8:19( HTRM ) has been operating commercially
8:21since the end of 2023. Beijing is close
8:24to another success . Linglong One on
8:27Heinnan Island is expected to be the
8:29world's first commercial land-based SM ,
8:31although the deadline for the first
8:33half of 2026 has passed without a
8:35confirmed launch . In the West , the
8:38first reactor is being built in
8:40Darlington , Canada , on Lake Ontario .
8:42The first BWRX300 has been under
8:44construction since 2025. This is the
8:47same reactor that Polish Syntos Green
8:49Energy plans to build . It is scheduled
8:51to start operating in 2030. In the
8:53United States , Terra Power is building
8:55a natrium reactor in Wyoming , and at
8:57the end of September , state-owned TVA
8:59received a permit for the first
9:01American BWRX300 . In general , SMRs
9:04remain primarily a market in the
9:06transition phase from design to actual
9:08implementation , but the scale of
9:10interest is enormous . The OECD Nuclear
9:13Energy Agency's latest dashboard
9:16already tracks 156 SMR and microreactor
9:19projects , 95 of which are undergoing
9:22detailed assessments , including
9:24licensing , location , financing , supply
9:27chain , and fuel . The World Nuclear
9:31Association , in turn , counts over 70
9:33specific implementation projects and 50
9:36previous agreements and preparatory
9:38initiatives . In Europe , the game is
9:40just beginning . Ryce-Royce won tenders
9:42in the UK , the Czech Republic , and
9:44Sweden . Romania has made investment
9:46decisions for NSCALE reactors , and
9:48Estonia and Poland are preparing
9:50projects for the BWRX 300. And speaking
9:53of Poland , why do SMRs seem such an
9:55attractive destination , especially for
9:57Poland ? In Poland , the argument for
9:59SMRs overlaps with the exceptionally
10:01difficult starting point of the
10:03transition . As recently as 2025 ,
10:05approximately 52 % of electricity came
10:08from coal , with around 29 % from
10:11renewable energy sources and 13 % from
10:13gas . This is still a success , because
10:16just 10 years ago , 80 % of our
10:18electricity came from coal . At the same
10:20time , old coal-fired units will
10:22gradually be phased out of the system ,
10:24and the growing share of wind and
10:26photovoltaics increases the need for
10:27stable sources that operate regardless
10:29of the weather . A large nuclear power
10:31plant is only part of the answer . The
10:33first unit in Lubiatów Kopalino is
10:36scheduled to be operational in 2036 ,
10:38and the entire plant will cost
10:40approximately 192 billion złoty . In
10:43theory , SMRs complete this puzzle . They
10:46seem attractive due to their size and
10:48functionality , complementing the
10:49infrastructure Poland already has . A
10:51300 MW reactor could potentially be
10:53located near decommissioned power
10:55plants , utilizing existing connections ,
10:58industrial land , and , to some extent ,
11:00staff and infrastructure . Polish
11:02industry and heating also contribute to
11:04this . The reactor can produce stable
11:06electricity and heat for large plants ,
11:09limiting their exposure to gas , coal ,
11:11and CO2 prices . Therefore , in Poland ,
11:14SMRs are not intended solely as smaller
11:16nuclear power plants , but also as
11:18potential replacements for parts of the
11:20coal-fired infrastructure and a source
11:22of energy for industry . And here enters
11:24the scene Michał Sobow , born in Kielce
11:27in 1962. For years , he has been one of
11:30the richest Poles . Forbes estimates his
11:33fortune at over 27 billion złoty . He
11:35started in the 1980s with a small trade
11:38and construction company . Over time , he
11:40built one of the largest private
11:42industrial and investment groups in
11:43Poland . Echo investment Cersani de
11:46Barlinek . And in his spare time , he
11:48races . The heart of his empire , however
11:50, is chemistry . Syntos , based in
11:52Oświęcim , is one of the world's
11:54largest producers of synthetic rubber .
11:56Its raw material is used to make every
11:58fourth tire in the world , and chemistry
12:00primarily involves energy , electricity ,
12:02and steam , which for years have been
12:03generated from coal . Why did Słowo
12:06establish Syntos Green Energy in 2018 ?
12:09That same year , wholesale electricity
12:11prices in Poland jumped by 70 % . At that
12:14time , Syntos's energy sources were
12:17approximately 85 % coal-based . CO2
12:20emission allowances were becoming more
12:22expensive , and some of the plant's old
12:24energy sources had to be decommissioned
12:26in subsequent years . Sołowo stated
12:28openly that nuclear power was the only
12:30rational alternative to producing cheap
12:32energy in an ecological and safe manner
12:35. A year later , the businessman
12:37announced an agreement with Gich
12:39Hitachi regarding the BWR300 reactor ,
12:41becoming the first Polish private
12:43investor to invest in a fleet of SMRs .
12:45The calculation was simple . Whoever has
12:48their own , cheap , and emission-free
12:50energy source wins in the global market
12:52. Importantly , and as Sołowo often
12:54emphasizes , Syntost is not the only
12:56customer of Hitachi and its BWRX
12:58reactors . The company entered early and
13:01boldly enough to become a co-owner of
13:03this technology , which it co-financed
13:05and controls 17 % . The problem , however ,
13:09was that even a billionaire on a Polish
13:11scale couldn't build such a power plant
13:13alone . Sołowo sought partners . In 2021
13:16, he reached an agreement with Zygmunt
13:18Solorz and his Z Pack , and shortly
13:20thereafter with state-owned Orlen .
13:23Orlen was a natural partner for Syntos .
13:26The largest company in this part of
13:28Europe , it was also focused on energy
13:30reform . In June 2021 , the two companies
13:34signed a cooperation agreement on SMRs ,
13:36and a year later , Orlen Syntos Green
13:39Energy was established , controlled 50 %
13:42each by Orlen and Syntos Green Energy .
13:44Syntos contributed , among other things ,
13:46exclusivity for the use of the BWRX 300
13:49technology in Poland , a project
13:51development team , and previously
13:52completed technical and economic
13:54analyses . Orlen provided adequate
13:56capital . Initially , the project
13:58developed rapidly . In 2023 , OSGE
14:00identified the first locations , and the
14:03Ministry of Climate issued six
14:06decisions in principle covering a total
14:09of 24 BWRX 300 reactors . However , these
14:11decisions were made despite a negative
14:13opinion from the Internal Security
14:15Agency ( ABW ) regarding the investment's
14:17impact on the country's internal
14:18security . The details of this opinion
14:20remained confidential . Then , the
14:22government changed , and Orlen changed .
14:24The new management board , led by CEO
14:26Ireneusz Funfaro , recognized that the
14:28agreement was unfavorable for the
14:30company . The argument : Orlen brings in
14:32more money but has just as much say .
14:34Furthermore , OSGE can only build the
14:37SMyr reactors using BWRX300 technology ,
14:40and must pay the license fee to
14:42Sołowow's company . Fonfara claims that
14:44the partner should earn money with
14:46Orlen , not from Orlen . The other side
14:48counters that the state-owned company
14:50is slowing down the project . The
14:52dispute concerned the principles of
14:54control over the joint company ,
14:56decision-making methods , the financing
14:58model , and later also who would manage
15:00specific investments . The dispute over
15:02the first reactor also became symbolic .
15:05Syntos was more advanced in the Monów
15:07ponds at its Oświęcim plant . Orlen ,
15:09on the other hand , pointed to
15:11Włocławek . By August of last year , it
15:13seemed a compromise had been reached .
15:16The parties announced their first major
15:17agreement . Shareholder rights were
15:19equalized . A rotational system was
15:21introduced for OSGE's management and
15:23steering committee . The company was
15:25granted direct access to the standard
15:28BWRX300 design , and Włocławek was
15:30designated as a priority location . " We
15:33spent over a year negotiating the terms
15:36to secure Orlen's interest , " Fonfara
15:38said at the time . " However , in the
15:41following months , the dispute persisted
15:43, and OSGE briefly faced liquidity
15:45crunch until October 1 , 2026 , when
15:47Solovyov announced in an interview that
15:50he had reached an agreement with Orlen ,
15:52though he quickly added that he
15:54regretted ever starting the project
15:56with Orlen . Why did he regret it ?
15:59Because from the outset , he declared
16:01that he preferred a venture based on
16:03private capital without the state
16:05bureaucracy and changes in power . In
16:08his opinion , the entry of a state-owned
16:10company politicized the project , making
16:12it difficult to implement it as a
16:14long-term business venture . This is , of
16:16course , Solovyov's own assessment .
16:18Orlen previously argued , to the
16:20contrary , that the months-long
16:21renegotiation was necessary precisely
16:23to properly secure the company's
16:25interests . The private investor wanted
16:27momentum , and perhaps he had recently
16:30found it . " On September 30th , in an
16:32article with the telling title " Atomic
16:35Alliance of Polish Billionaires , " the X
16:37YZ news portal reported that a group of
16:39entrepreneurs behind some of the most
16:42recognizable Polish companies had
16:44decided to join Syntos Green Energy .
16:46These include Rafał Brzoska , CEO and
16:48founder of Inpost ; Krzysztof Pawiński
16:51and his family , founder of the food
16:53giant Muspex ; Mati Staniszewski and
16:55Piotr Dąbkowski of Eleven Labs ;
16:57Michał Wypychewicz of ZPUE ; Dariusz
16:59Gałęzewski and Dominik Doliński of
17:02OSI ; Michał Brański , founder of the
17:04WP group ; and Bruno Weichert of Strike
17:07Capital . The estimated value of these
17:09individuals ' assets well exceeds PLN 30
17:11billion , most of which is owed to the
17:13two from Eleven Labs , thus doubling
17:15Sławów's potential . These investors
17:18have collectively decided to contribute
17:20approximately half a billion in private
17:22capital . However , these funds are going
17:24to Synthos Green Energy , not the
17:26consortium affiliated with Orlen .
17:28Sołowow stated at the time that the
17:30best verification is not declarations ,
17:32but the decision to commit one's own
17:34capital . Moreover , this 500 million
17:37euro is only a fragment of a larger
17:39round . According to Syntos Green Energy
17:41, the company has raised around 400
17:43million euros so far , and its goal is
17:45to raise around 800 million euros by
17:47the end of this year , or around 3.5
17:49billion złoty . Among the foreign
17:51investors is G Wernova itself , which is
17:53expected to invest around 100 million
17:55euros . This money doesn't yet finance
17:57the construction of a dozen or so power
17:59plants . In any case , it primarily
18:01finances the developer in the most
18:03expensive and risky phase of project
18:05preparation , before bank financing can
18:08be secured for specific power plants .
18:10Sołowo claims that the first 800
18:12million euros is intended to give SGE
18:15only a 1.5 to 2 - year runway . Only after
18:17that will another equity round and debt
18:19financing follow . In his opinion , it's
18:22too early for debt financing , as banks
18:24don't yet have a bankable project to
18:26hedge their bets on . Further risk
18:28mitigation and CFDs are needed , among
18:30other things . SGE could debut on the
18:33stock exchange around 2028. According
18:38to Sołowo , construction of SGE's first
18:40reactor in Poland , in the Monów Ponds ,
18:43could begin then . Thirty-four years
18:45later , this one would be ready . The
18:48ambitions are enormous , described by
18:50the Kielce businessman as a project
18:52worth around $ 200 billion . Where did
18:55such abstract figures come from ? Recall
18:57that Syntos co-financed the development
18:59of the BWRX 300 and holds the rights to
19:01this technology in some Central
19:03European markets . It also holds the
19:04rights to so-called deployment in the
19:06US . Following Słobów's words , Syntos
19:09Green Energy wants to build 26 SMRs in
19:12Poland , 62 in Central Europe , and as
19:14many as 90 more broadly across Europe .
19:17Anyway , let's give the stakeholder
19:19their say . We
19:20>> can't wait either . Listen , in 2032 , the
19:23likely gap in the baseload will be 5 GW
19:26. We have to do this . This is truly
19:29everyone's business . Are you conducting
19:31this interview ? What if there was
19:32simply no power at this time ? Well ,
19:35listen , this is a real prospect . This
19:38year in Warsaw , there were five days
19:40when the system considered shutting
19:41down trams and the metro . It was very
19:44hot , people were using air conditioning
19:46, and the transmission grids were
19:47simply overheating . We have a very
19:50significant problem to solve as Poland .
19:54We have a prehistoric energy mix , we
19:56have very high energy prices , and this
19:58is our opportunity , in a sense . By
20:02changing this radically , we will become
20:04truly competitive and will remain
20:06competitive for the next 60 to 80 years
20:08. Orlen will build two SMs , perhaps if
20:12things go well , they will build six . We
20:17will build 26 in Poland , 62 in Central
20:20Europe , and 90 in Europe . That's the
20:25scale . I hope that thanks to the
20:29involvement of private capital , and
20:30also through the involvement of debt ,
20:32we will be able to radically change the
20:34energy mix without burdening the state .
20:38Furthermore , Sławowow said that within
20:41a week , Sentas Green Energy is expected
20:43to sign an agreement with an
20:44as-yet-undisclosed partner interested
20:46in building as many as six BWRX 300s on
20:48the site of the old coal-fired power
20:50plant . For SGE , something we discussed
20:54earlier means primarily reducing
20:55dependence on a single capital partner
20:57and confirming that Sołowo is trying
20:59to transform the project into a much
21:01broader investment platform . In
21:04September , SGE signed a memorandum of
21:06understanding with GE Vernova , Hitachi ,
21:08and Samsung CNT regarding the
21:10implementation of the BWR300 in Europe ,
21:12Central and Eastern Europe , and the
21:14United Kingdom . The company therefore
21:17aspires to move from being Orlen's
21:18junior capital partner to a regional
21:20technology company that sells reactors
21:22in multiple markets , although the risk
21:24remains significant . That's why Słowo
21:27is so keen to involve many renowned
21:29Polish businessmen in the project , who ,
21:31in addition to providing money , also
21:33contribute to the Polish SMs ' image ,
21:35reputation , and prestige . At the same
21:38time , this doesn't mean Orlen will be
21:39sidelined from the Polish project .
21:41Orlen Syntos Green Energy , a joint
21:43venture between Orlen and SGE , will
21:45continue to build the reactors in
21:47Poland . In February 2026 , OSGE signed
21:50an agreement with Gvernova Hitachi to
21:52develop a Polish generic BWRX 300
21:54design , a single documentation that
21:57could later be replicated at other
21:59locations . The company also applied for
22:02a contract for difference for 14
22:04reactors at three sites , the first part
22:06of a program ultimately encompassing 26
22:09units . Taken together , this is simply
22:12good news for the Polish nuclear power
22:14industry . Poland's large nuclear power
22:16plant is moving forward with state
22:18funding , because there's no other way .
22:20On September 23 , 2026 , Polish Nuclear
22:22Power Plants ( PKN ) and the Westing
22:24House Bechtel consortium agreed on the
22:26main commercial terms of the EPC
22:28contract , namely contracts for the
22:30design , supply , and construction of the
22:33power plant . Meanwhile , SMRs have
22:35previously been held hostage by
22:36private-sector bickering . Now , not only
22:39have Orlen and Syntosem reached an
22:41agreement , but the entire project has
22:43received perhaps the most promising
22:45pillar , based solely on private , and
22:47largely Polish , capital . Does this
22:49conclude the history of Polish SMRs ? In
22:51fact , it's just beginning . We're still
22:54in the very early stages and still at a
22:56high-risk stage . And that's precisely
22:59why this is one of the most intriguing
23:01things in history . We often look for
23:03places where Poland can catch up with
23:05the West . SMRs present a textbook
23:07example here , an example still under
23:10construction . This is a technology that
23:12, if successful , could give pioneers an
23:14advantage over their rivals . It's a
23:16technology tailored to current energy ,
23:18transformation , and geopolitical
23:20challenges . We have a group of
23:23entrepreneurs representing
23:24approximately 70 billion złoty of
23:26private wealth investing in Polish SMRs
23:28. After all , we have a technology
23:31partially owned by a Polish entity . And
23:35we haven't even mentioned another
23:37central problem : data centers , which
23:38are certainly on the minds of even the
23:40founders of Labs . Will it succeed ? It's
23:44unclear , but one thing is certain .
23:47Today , this project has set a new
23:49milestone . Channel partners include KFD
23:54, a Polish manufacturer of dietary
23:56supplements and functional foods , the
23:59XTB investment app , and oponeo.pl .
24:02Change your tires for better ones in 24
24:05hours . Pstryk , the cheapest electricity
24:07supplier with dynamic prices and access
24:09to the mobile app . We thank our patrons
24:13for their support . We also inform you
24:16that the first GTBT Ukraina translator ,
24:18Serchi , currently serving in the
24:20Ukrainian Air Force , has launched a
24:22fundraiser to build shelters for
24:23Ukrainian unmanned systems against
24:25Russian long-range drones . Despite our
24:29differences , the overarching goal
24:31continues to unite us : stopping Russian
24:33imperialism .