సంపూర్ణ భగవద్గీత || Bhagavad Gita All Episodes Telugu || RP patnaik

0:15Bhagavadgeetha – Chapter 1

0:19Arjna Vishadyogam

0:231. Dhritarashtra said:

0:25O Sanjay,

0:27after gathering on the holy field of Kurukshetra,

0:29and desiring to fight, what did my sons and the sons of Pandu do?

0:352. Sanjay said:

0:37On observing the Pandava army standing in military formation, King Duryodhan

0:41approached his teacher Dronacharya, and said the following words.

0:45Respected teacher!

0:47Behold the mighty army of the sons of Pandu, so expertly arrayed for battle by your own gifted disciple, the son of Drupad.

0:554-6. Behold in their ranks are many powerful warriors,

1:00like Yuyudhan,

1:01Virat,

1:02and Drupad,

1:04wielding mighty bows and equal in military prowess to Bheem and Arjun.

1:10There are also accomplished heroes like Dhrishtaketu,

1:13Chekitan,

1:14the gallant King of Kashi,

1:16Purujit,

1:16Kuntibhoj,

1:18and Shaibya

1:19all the best of men. In their ranks,

1:21they also have the courageous Yudhamanyu,

1:24the gallant Uttamauja,

1:26the son of Subhadra Abhimanyu,

1:28and the sons of Draupadi,

1:30who are all great warrior chiefs.

1:347. O best of Brahmins,

1:35hear too about the principal generals on our side,

1:39who are especially qualified to lead.

1:42These I now recount unto you.

1:458. There are personalities like yourself,

1:46Bheeshma, Karna, Kripa,

1:49Ashwatthama, Vikarn, and Bhurishrava,

1:52who are ever victorious in battle.

1:559. Also, there are many other heroic warriors, who are prepared to lay down their lives for my sake.

2:01They are all skilled in the art of warfare,

2:04and equipped with various kinds of weapons.

2:0710. The strength of our army is unlimited

2:09and we are safely marshalled by Grandsire Bheeshma,

2:13while the strength of the Pandava army, carefully marshalled by Bheem, is limited.

2:1911. Therefore,

2:20I call upon all the generals of the Kaurava army now to give full support to Grandsire Bheeshma,

2:3112. Then, the grand old man of the Kuru dynasty, the glorious patriarch Bheeshma,

2:36roared like a lion,

2:37and blew his conch shell very loudly, giving joy to Duryodhan.

2:4313. Thereafter,

2:44conches, kettledrums, bugles, trumpets, and horns suddenly blared forth, and their combinedsound was overwhelming.

2:5414. Then, from amidst the Pandava army,

2:57seated in a glorious chariot drawn by white horses, Madhav

3:02and Arjun blew their Divine conch shells.

3:0615. Hrishikesh blew his conch shell, called Panchajanya,

3:09and Arjun blew the Devadutta.

3:12Bheem, the voracious eater and performer of herculean tasks, blew his mighty conch, called Paundra.

3:2116-18. King Yudhishthir, blew the Anantavijay,

3:24while Nakul and Sahadev blew the Sughosh and Manipushpak.

3:29The excellent archer and king of Kashi,

3:31the great warrior Shikhandi,

3:33Dhrishtadyumna,

3:34Virat,

3:35and the invincible Satyaki,

3:37Drupad,

3:38the five sons of Draupadi,

3:40and the mighty-armed Abhimanyu, son of Subhadra,

3:44all blew their respective conch shells,

3:47O Dhritarasthra...

3:4819. The terrific sound thundered across the sky and the earth,

3:53and shattered the hearts of your sons,

3:5720. At that time,

3:58the son of Pandu, Arjun, who had the insignia of Hanuman on the flag of his chariot,

4:03took up his bow.

4:05Seeing your sons arrayed against him,

4:08O King,

4:09Arjun then spoke the following words to Shree Krishna.

4:13O Infallible One,

4:15please take my chariot to the middle of both armies,

4:19so that I may look at the warriors arrayed for battle, whom I must fight in this great combat.

4:2623. I desire to see those who have come here to fight on the side of the evil-minded son of Dhritarasthra, wishing to please him.

4:3424. Sanjay said:

4:35O Dhritarasthra,

4:37having thus been addressed by Arjun, the conqueror of sleep,

4:41Shree Krishna then drew the magnificent chariot between the two armies.

4:4725. In the presence of Bheeshma, Dronacharya, and all the other kings,

4:51Shree Krishna said:

4:53O Parth,

4:54behold these Kurus gathered here.

5:0026. There, Arjun could see stationed in both armies, his fathers, grandfathers, teachers, maternal uncles,brothers, cousins, sons, nephews, grand-nephews, friends, fathers-in-law, and well-wishers.

5:1427. Seeing all his relatives present there, Arjun, the son of Kunti,

5:18was overwhelmed with compassion,

5:20and with deep sorrow,

5:22spoke the following words.

5:24O Krishna,

5:25seeing my own kinsmen arrayed for battle here and intent on killing each other,

5:30my limbs are giving way and my mouth is drying up.

5:3529-31. My whole body shudders;

5:38my hair is standing on end.

5:40My bow, the Gandiv, is slipping from my hand,

5:43and my skin is burning all over.

5:45My mind is in quandary and whirling in confusion;

5:49I am unable to hold myself steady any longer.

5:52O Krishna,

5:53killer of the Keshi demon,

5:56I only see omens of misfortune.

5:59I do not foresee how any good can come from killing my own kinsmen in this battle.

6:0432-33. O Krishna,

6:05I do not desire victory, kingdom, or the happiness accruing to it.

6:10Of what avail will be a kingdom, pleasures, or even life itself, when the very persons for whom we covet them, are standing before us for battle?

6:2234-35. Teachers, fathers, sons, grandfathers, maternal uncles, grandsons, fathers-in-law, grand-nephews, brothers-in-law,

6:27and other kinsmen are present here, staking their lives and riches.

6:34O Madhusudan,

6:36I do not wish to slay them, even if they attack me.

6:40If we kill the sons of Dhritarashtra,

6:42what satisfaction will we derive from the dominion over the three worlds, what to speak of this Earth?

6:4836-37. O Maintainer of all living entities,

6:52what pleasure will we derive from killing the sons of Dhritarasthra?

6:57Even though they may be aggressors,

7:00sin will certainly come upon us if we slay them.

7:04Hence,

7:05it does not behoove us to kill our own cousins, the sons of Dhritarashtra, and friends.

7:11O Madhav,

7:12how can we hope to be happy by killing our own kinsmen?

7:1538-39. Their thoughts are overpowered by greed

7:18and they see no wrong in annihilating their relatives or wreaking treachery upon friends.

7:26Yet, O Janardan (Krishna),

7:28why should we, who can clearly see the crime in killing our kindred,

7:32not turn away from this sin?

7:3540. When a dynasty is destroyed, its traditions get vanquished,

7:39and the rest of the family becomes involved in irreligion.

7:4341. With the preponderance of vice,

7:45O Krishna,

7:46the women of the family become immoral;

7:49and from the immorality of women, O descendent of Vrishni, unwanted progeny are born.

7:5442. An increase in unwanted children results in hellish life both for the family and for those who destroy the family.

8:01Deprived of sacrificial offerings, the ancestors of such corrupt families also fall.

8:0843. Through the evil deeds of those who destroy the family tradition and thus give rise to unwanted progeny,

8:15a variety of social and family welfare activities are ruined.

8:2044. O Janardan,

8:21I have heard from the learned that those who destroy family traditions dwell in hell for an indefinite period of time.

8:2945-46. Alas! How strange it is that we have set our mind to perform this great sin with horrifying consequences.

8:37Driven by the desire for kingly pleasures, we are intent on killing our own kinsmen.

8:42It would be better if, with weapons in hand, the sons of Dhritarashtra kill me unarmed and unresisting on the battlefield.

8:5347. Sanjay said:

8:54Speaking thus, Arjun cast aside his bow and arrows, and sank into the seat of his chariot, his mind in distress and overwhelmed with grief

9:21Bhagavadgeetha - Chapter 2

9:24Sankhya yog

9:261. Sanjay said:

9:28Seeing Arjun overwhelmed with pity,his mind grief-stricken,and his eyes full of tears,Shree Krishna spoke the following words.

9:36My dear Arjun,

9:38how has this delusion overcome you in this hour of peril?

9:43It is not befitting an honorable person.

9:45It leads not to the higher abodes, but to disgrace.

9:493. O Parth,

9:50it does not befit you to yield to this unmanliness.

9:55Give up such petty weakness of heart and arise, O vanquisher of enemies.

10:024. Arjun said:

10:03O Madhusudan,

10:05how can I shoot arrows in battle on men like Bheeshma and Dronacharya,

10:115. It would be better to live in this world by begging, than to enjoy life by killing these noble elders, who are my teachers.

10:18If we kill them, the wealth and pleasures we enjoy will be tainted with blood.

10:256. We do not even know which result of this war is preferable for us

10:29conquering them or being conquered by them.

10:33Even after killing them we will not desire to live.

10:38Yet they have taken the side of the sons of Dhritarasthra, and now stand before us on the battlefield.

10:437. I am confused about my duty,

10:46and am besieged with anxiety and faintheartedness.

10:49I am Your disciple, and am surrendered to You. Please instruct me for certain what is best for me.

10:578. I can find no means of driving away this anguish that is drying up my senses.

11:03Even if I win a prosperous and unrivalled kingdom on the earth,

11:07or gain sovereignty like the celestial gods,

11:10I will be unable to dispel this grief.

11:139. Sanjay said:

11:14Having thus spoken, Gudakesh,

11:17that chastiser of enemies,

11:18addressed Hrishikesh:

11:20“Govind, I shall not fight,” and became silent.

11:2510. O Dhritarashtra,

11:26thereafter, in the midst of both the armies, Shree Krishna smilingly spoke the following words to the grief-stricken Arjun.

11:33While you speak words of wisdom,

11:36you are mourning for that which is not worthy of grief. The wise lament neither for the living nor for the dead.

11:4612. Never was there a time when I did not exist, nor you, nor all these kings;

11:51nor in the future shall any of us cease to be.

11:5413. Just as the embodied soul continuously passes from childhood to youth to old age, similarly

12:02at the time of death, the soul passes

12:07The wise are not deluded by this.

12:1014. O son of Kunti,

12:12the contact between the senses and the sense objects gives rise to fleeting perceptions of happiness and distress.

12:20These are non-permanent,

12:22and come and go like the winter and summer seasons.

12:26O descendent of Bharat,

12:28one must learn to tolerate them without being disturbed.

12:3215. O Arjun,

12:33noblest amongst men,

12:35that person who is not affected by happiness and distress, and remains steady in both, becomes eligible for liberation.

12:4416. Of the transient there is no endurance, and of the eternal there is no cessation.

12:49This has verily been observed and concluded by the seers of the Truth, after studying the nature of both.

12:5717. That which pervades the entire body,

13:00know it to be indestructible.

13:03No one can cause the destruction of the imperishable soul.

13:0718. Only the material body is perishable;

13:10the embodied soul within is indestructible,

13:14immeasurable,

13:16and eternal.

13:18Therefore, fight, O descendent of Bharat.

13:22—the one who thinks the soul can slay

13:25and the one who thinks the soul can be slain.

13:30For truly, the soul neither kills nor can it be killed.

13:3520. The soul is neither born,

13:36nor does it ever die;

13:39nor having once existed, does it ever cease to be.

13:42The soul is without birth,

13:44eternal,

13:46immortal,

13:47and ageless.

13:49It is not destroyed when the body is destroyed.

13:5321. O Parth,

13:55how can one who knows the soul to be imperishable,

13:57eternal,

13:58unborn,

13:59and immutable kill anyone or cause anyone to kill?

14:0522. As a person sheds worn-out garments and wears new ones, likewise, at the time of death, the soul casts off its worn-out body and enters a new one.

14:2123. Weapons cannot shred the soul,

14:24nor can fire burn it.

14:25Water cannot wet it,

14:27nor can the wind dry it.

14:3024. The soul is unbreakable and incombustible;

14:34it can neither be dampened nor dried.

14:38It is everlasting, in all places,

14:41unalterable,

14:42immutable,

14:44and primordial.

14:4625. The soul is spoken of as invisible,

14:48inconceivable,

14:50and unchangeable.

14:51Knowing this, you should not grieve for the body.

14:5526. If, however, you think that the self is subject to constant birth and death,

15:02O mighty-armed Arjun,

15:04even then you should not grieve like this.

15:0727. Death is certain for one who has been born,

15:09and rebirth is inevitable for one who has died.

15:13Therefore,

15:14you should not lament over the inevitable.

15:1828. O scion of Bharat,

15:20all created beings are unmanifest before birth,

15:24manifest in life,

15:25and again unmanifest on death. So why grieve?

15:3129. Some see the soul as amazing,

15:35some describe it as amazing,

15:37and some hear of the soul as amazing,

15:42while others, even on hearing, cannot understand it at all.

15:4630. O Arjun,

15:48the soul that dwells within the body is immortal;

15:50therefore, you should not mourn for anyone.

15:5431. Besides,

15:55considering your duty as a warrior,

15:58you should not waver.

15:59Indeed, for a warrior, there is no better engagement than fighting for upholding of righteousness.

16:0632. O Parth,

16:07happy are the warriors to whom such opportunities to defend righteousness come unsought

16:14opening for them the stairway to the celestial abodes.

16:1733. If, however, you refuse to fight this righteous war, abandoning your social duty and reputation, you will certainly incur sin.

16:2734. People will speak of you as a coward and a deserter.

16:31For a respectable person,

16:33infamy is worse than death.

16:3635. The great generals who hold you in high esteem will think that you fled from the battlefield out of fear,

16:44and thus will lose their respect for you.

16:4736. Your enemies will defame and humiliate you with unkind words,

16:52disparaging your might.

16:56Alas, what could be more painful than that?

17:0037. If you fight,

17:01you will either be slain on the battlefield and go to the celestial abodes,

17:05or you will gain victory and enjoy the kingdom on earth.

17:10Therefore arise with determination,

17:13O son of Kunti,

17:15and be prepared to fight.

17:1738. Fight for the sake of duty, treating alike happiness and distress, loss and gain, victory and defeat.

17:23Fulfilling your responsibility in this way, you will never incur sin.

17:3139. Hitherto, I have explained to you Sānkhya Yog, or analytic knowledge regarding the nature of the soul.

17:39O Parth, as I reveal Buddhi Yog, or the Yog of Intellect.

17:45When you work with such understanding, you will be freed from the bondage of karma.

17:5040. Working in this state of consciousness, there is no loss or adverse result,

17:56and even a little effort saves one from great danger.

18:0241. O descendent of the Kurus,

18:03the intellect of those who are on this path is resolute,

18:07and their aim is onepointed.

18:10But the intellect of those who are irresolute is many-branched.

18:1442-43. Those with limited understanding,

18:17get attracted to the flowery words of the Vedas, which advocate ostentatious rituals for elevation to the celestial abodes,

18:26and presume no higher principle is described in them.

18:31They glorify only those portions of the Vedas that please their senses,

18:36and perform pompous ritualistic ceremonies for attaining high birth, opulence, sensual enjoyment, and elevation to the heavenly planets.

18:4344. With their minds deeply attached to worldly pleasures and their intellects bewildered by such things,

18:53they are unable to possess the resolute determination for success on the path to God.

18:5845. O Arjun.

19:00The Vedas deal with the three modes of material nature,

19:05Rise above the three modes to a state of pure spiritual consciousness.

19:11Freeing yourself from dualities,

19:13eternally fixed in Truth,

19:16and without concern for material gain and safety, be situated in the self.

19:2246. Whatever purpose is served by a small well of water is naturally served in all respects by a large lake.

19:29Similarly,

19:30one who realizes the Absolute Truth also fulfills the purpose of all the Vedas.

19:3747. You have a right to perform your prescribed duties,

19:41but you are not entitled to the fruits of your actions.

19:44Never consider yourself to be the cause of the results of your activities, nor be attached to inaction.

19:52abandoning attachment to success and failure.

19:55O Arjun,

19:5648. Be steadfast in the performance of your duty,

19:59Such equanimity is called Yog.

20:0249. Seek refuge in divine knowledge and insight,

20:05O Arjun,

20:07and discard reward-seeking actions that are certainly inferior to works performed with the intellect established in divine knowledge.

20:14Miserly are those

20:16who seek to enjoy the fruits of their works.

20:2050. One who prudently practices the science of work without attachment

20:25can get rid of both good and bad reactions in this life itself.

20:29Therefore,

20:29strive for Yog, which is the art of working skillfully (in proper consciousness).

20:3351. The wise endowed with equanimity of intellect,

20:36abandon attachment to the fruits of actions, which bind oneto the cycle of life and death.

20:42By working in such consciousness,

20:45they attain the state beyond all suffering.

20:4852. When your intellect crosses the quagmire of delusion, you will then acquire indifference to what has been heard and what is yet to be heard (about enjoyments in this world and the next).

20:5753. When your intellect ceases to be allured by the fruitive sections of the Vedas

21:02and remains steadfast in divine consciousness,

21:06you will then attain the state of perfect Yog.

21:1354. Arjun said :

21:14O Keshav,

21:15what is the disposition of one who is situated in divine consciousness?

21:19How does an enlightened person talk?

21:21How does he sit?

21:23How does he sit?

21:2455. The Supreme Lord said:

21:26O Parth,

21:27when one discards all selfish desires and cravings of the senses that torment the mind,

21:32and becomes satisfied in the realization of the self,

21:35such a person is said to be transcendentally situated.

21:3856. One whose mind remains undisturbed amidst misery,

21:40who does not crave for pleasure,

21:43and who is free from attachment, fear, and anger, is called a sage of steady wisdom.

21:4957. One who remains unattached under all conditions,

21:54and is neither delighted by good fortune

21:56nor dejected by tribulation,

21:59he is a sage with perfect knowledge.

22:0258. just as a tortoise withdraws its limbs into its shell,

22:07One who is able to withdraw the senses from their objects,

22:11is established in divine wisdom.

22:1559. Aspirants may restrain the senses from their objects of enjoyment,

22:21but the taste for the sense objects remains.

22:24However,

22:25even this taste ceases for those who realizes the Supreme.

22:2960. The senses are so strong and turbulent,

22:33O son of Kunti,

22:35that they can forcibly carry away the mind even of a person endowed with discrimination who practices self-control.

22:4361. who subdue their senses and keep their minds ever absorbed in Me.

22:50They are established in perfect knowledge,

22:5362. While contemplating on the objects of the senses, one develops attachment to them.

22:58Attachment leads to desire,

23:01and from desire arises anger.

23:0463. Anger leads to clouding of judgment,

23:08which results in bewilderment of memory.

23:11When memory is bewildered,

23:12the intellect gets destroyed;

23:14and when the intellect is destroyed, one is ruined.

23:1764. But one who controls the mind, and is free from attachment and aversion, even while using the objects of the senses,

23:25attains the Grace of God.

23:2765. By divine grace comes the peace in which all sorrows end,

23:32and the intellect of such a person of tranquil mind soon becomes firmly established in God.

23:4066. But an undisciplined person, who has not controlled the mind and senses,

23:45can neither have a resolute intellect nor steady contemplation on God.

23:49For one who never unites the mind with God there is no peace;

23:55and how can one who lacks peace be happy?

23:5967. Just as a strong wind sweeps a boat off its chartered course on the water,

24:05even one of the senses on which the mind focuses can lead the intellect astray.

24:1168. Therefore,O mighty armed Arjun,

24:16one who has restrained the senses from their objects,

24:20is firmly established in transcendental knowledge.

24:2369. What all beings consider as day is the night of ignorance for the wise,

24:29and what all creatures see as night is the day for the introspective sage.

24:3570. Just as the ocean remains undisturbed by the incessant flow of waters from rivers merging into it,

24:42likewise the sage who is unmoved despite the flow of desirable objects all around him attains peace,

24:50and not the person who strives to satisfy desires.

24:5571. That person, who gives up all material desires and lives free from a sense of greed, proprietorship, and egoism, attains perfect peace.

25:0972. O Parth,

25:10such is the state of an enlightened soul that having attained it, one is never again deluded.

25:18Being established in this consciousness even at the hour of death, one is liberated from the cycle of life and death and reaches the Supreme Abode of God.

25:45Bhagavadgeetha – Chapter 3

25:48Karma yog

25:521-2. Arjun said:

25:54O Janardan,

25:56if You consider knowledge superior to action,

25:59then why do You ask me to wage this terrible war?

26:03My intellect is bewildered by Your ambiguous advice.

26:07Please tell me decisively the one path by which I may attain the highest good.

26:163. The Lord said:

26:19O sinless one,

26:20the two paths leading to enlightenment were previously explained by Me:

26:26the path of knowledge, for those inclined toward contemplation,

26:30and the path of work for those inclined toward action.

26:344. One cannot achieve freedom from karmic reactions by merely abstaining from work,

26:40nor can one attain perfection of knowledge by mere physical renunciation.

26:455. There is no one who can remain without action even for a moment.

26:50Indeed,

26:52all beings are compelled to act by their qualities born of material nature (the three guṇas).

26:596. Those who restrain the external organs of action,

27:03while continuing to dwell on sense objects in the mind,

27:08certainly delude themselves and are to be called hypocrites.

27:14O Arjun,

27:16and engage the working senses in working without attachment,

27:197. But those karm yogis who control their knowledge senses with the mind,

27:23are certainly superior.

27:268. You should thus perform your prescribed Vedic duties,

27:33since action is superior to inaction.

27:38By ceasing activity, even your bodily maintenance will not be possible.

27:449. Work must be done as a yajna to the Supreme Lord;

27:48otherwise,

27:49work causes bondage in this material world.

27:54Therefore,

27:55O son of Kunti,

27:56for the satisfaction of God, perform your prescribed duties, without being attached to the results.

28:0410. In the beginning of creation,

28:06Brahma created humankind along with duties, and said,

28:11“Prosper in the performance of these yajñas (sacrifices), for they shall bestow upon you all you wish to achieve.”

28:1911. By your sacrifices, the celestial gods will be pleased,

28:22and by cooperation between humans and the celestial gods, great prosperity will reign for all.

28:3012. The celestial gods, being satisfied by the performance of sacrifice,

28:33will grant you all the desired necessities of life.

28:37But those who enjoy what is given to them, without making offerings in return, are verily thieves.

28:4413. The spiritually-minded, who eat food that is first offered in sacrifice,

28:51are released from all kinds of sin.

28:53Others, who cook food for their own enjoyment, verily eat only sin.

28:5814. All living beings subsist on food,

29:03and food is produced by rains.

29:06Rains come from the performance of sacrifice,

29:09and sacrifice is produced by the performance of prescribed duties.

29:1415. The duties for human beings are described in the Vedas,

29:18and the Vedas are manifested by God Himself.

29:23Therefore, the all-pervading Lord is eternally present in acts of sacrifice.

29:3016. Those who do not accept their responsibility in the cycle of sacrifice established by the Vedas are sinful.

29:37They live only for the delight of their senses;

29:41indeed their lives are in vain.

29:4317. But those who rejoice in the self,

29:47who are illumined and fully satisfied in the self,for them,

29:50there is no duty.

29:5318. Such self-realized souls have nothing to gain or lose either in discharging or renouncing their duties.

30:03Nor do they need to depend on other living beings to fulfill their self-interest.

30:0919. Therefore,

30:10giving up attachment,

30:12perform actions as a matter of duty because by working without being attached to the fruits, one attains the Supreme.

30:2520-21. By performing their prescribed duties, King Janak and others attained perfection.

30:31You should also perform your duties to set an example for the good of the world.

30:37Whatever actions great persons perform, common people follow.

30:41Whatever standards they set, all the world pursues.

30:4722. There is no duty for Me to do in all the three worlds,

30:51O Parth,

30:52nor do I have anything to gain or attain.

30:56Yet, I am engaged in prescribed duties.

31:0023. For if I did not carefully perform the prescribed duties,

31:03O Parth,

31:04all men would follow My path in all respects.

31:0824. If I ceased to perform prescribed actions,

31:11all these worlds would perish.

31:15I would be responsible for the pandemonium that would prevail,

31:18and would thereby destroy the peace of the human race.

31:2225. As ignorant people perform their duties with attachment to the results,

31:28O scion of Bharat,

31:29so should the wise act without attachment, for the sake of leading people on the right path.

31:3726. The wise should not create discord in the intellects of ignorant people, who are attached to fruitive actions, by inducing them to stop work.

31:46Rather,

31:48by performing their duties in an enlightened manner,

31:51they should inspire the ignorant also to do their prescribed duties.

31:5527. All activities are carried out by the three modes of material nature.

32:00But in ignorance,

32:02the soul,

32:03deluded by false identification with the body, thinks of itself as the doer.

32:0828. O mighty-armed Arjun,

32:10illumined persons distinguish the soul as distinct from guṇas and karmas.

32:16They perceive that it is only the guṇas (in the shape of the senses, mind, and others)

32:19that move among the guṇas (in the shape of the objects of perception),

32:23and thus they do not get entangled in them.

32:2729. Those who are deluded by the operation of the guṇas become attached to the results of their actions.

32:33But,

32:34the wise who understand these truths should not unsettle such ignorant people who know very little.

32:4030. Performing all works as an offering unto Me,

32:43constantly meditate on Me as the Supreme.

32:47Become free from desire and selfishness, and with your mental grief departed, fight!

32:5331. Those who abide by these teachings of Mine, with profound faith and free from envy,

33:00are released from the bondage of karma.

33:0332. But those who find faults with My teachings, being bereft of knowledge and devoid of discrimination,

33:10they disregard these principles and bring about their own ruin.

33:1633. Even wise people act according to their natures,

33:21for all living beings are propelled by their natural tendencies.

33:26What will one gain by repression?

33:3034. The senses naturally experience attachment and aversion to the sense objects,

33:35but do not be controlled by them,

33:39for they are way-layers and foes.

33:4335. It is far better to perform one’s natural prescribed duty,

33:46though tinged with faults,

33:48than to perform another’s prescribed duty,

33:52though perfectly. In fact, it is preferable to die in the discharge of one’s duty,

33:57than to follow the path of another, which is fraught with danger.

34:0136. Arjun asked:

34:03Why is a person impelled to commit sinful acts, even unwillingly, as if by force, O descendent of Vrishni (Krishna)?

34:1437. The Supreme Lord said:

34:17It is lust alone, which is born of contact with the mode of passion, and later transformed into anger.

34:22Know this as the sinful, all-devouring enemy in the world.

34:2738. Just as a fire is covered by smoke,

34:29a mirror is masked by dust,

34:32and an embryo is concealed by the womb,

34:36similarly one’s knowledge gets shrouded by desire.

34:4039. The knowledge of even the most discerning gets covered by this perpetual enemy in the form of insatiable desire,

34:48which is never satisfied and burns like fire,

34:53O son of Kunti.

34:5540. The senses, mind, and intellect are said to be breeding grounds of desire.

35:01Through them, it clouds one’s knowledge and deludes the embodied soul.

35:0841. Therefore, O best of the Bharatas,

35:10in the very beginning bring the senses under control and slay this enemy called desire,

35:13which is the embodiment of sin and destroys knowledge and realization.

35:1942. The senses are superior to the gross body,

35:24and superior to the senses is the mind.

35:26Beyond the mind is the intellect,

35:29and even beyond the intellect is the soul.

35:3443. Thus knowing the soul to be superior to the material intellect,

35:40O mighty armed Arjun,

35:42subdue the lower self (senses, mind, and intellect) by the higher self (strength of the soul),

35:50and kill this formidable enemy called lust.

36:13Bhagavadgeetha – Chapter 4

36:18Jnana, Karm, Sanyas yog

36:211. The Supreme Lord Shree Krishna said:

36:25I taught this eternal science of Yog to the Sun God, Vivasvan,

36:31who passed it on to Manu; and Manu, in turn, instructed it to Ikshvaku.

36:352. O subduer of enemies,

36:37the saintly kings thus received this science of Yog in a continuous tradition.

36:41But with the long passage of time, it was lost to the world.

36:453. The same ancient knowledge of Yog, which is the supreme secret, I am today revealing unto you,

36:53because you are My friend as well as My devotee,

36:57who can understand this transcendental wisdom.

37:004. Arjun said:

37:02You were born much after Vivasvan.

37:06How am I to understand that in the beginning You instructedthis science to him?

37:125. The Supreme Lord said:

37:15Both you and I have had many births,

37:17O Arjun.

37:18You have forgotten them,

37:20while I remember them all,

37:23O Parantapa.

37:246. Although I am unborn,

37:27the Lord of all living entities,

37:30and have an imperishable nature,

37:33yet I appear in this world by virtue of Yogmaya, My divine power.

37:387. Whenever there is a decline in righteousness and an increase in unrighteousness,

37:42O Arjun,

37:43at that time I manifest Myself on earth.

37:478. To protect the righteous,

37:49to annihilate the wicked,

37:51and to reestablish the principles of dharma I appear on this earth, age after age.

37:599. Those who understand the divine nature of My birth and activities,

38:04O Arjun,

38:05upon leaving the body,

38:08do not have to take birth again,

38:11but come to My eternal abode.

38:1410. Being free from attachment,

38:16fear,

38:17and anger,

38:19becoming fully absorbed in Me,

38:22and taking refuge in Me,

38:23many persons in the past became purified by knowledge of Me,

38:28and thus attained My divine love.

38:3111. In whatever way people surrender unto Me,

38:35I reciprocate accordingly.

38:38Everyone follows My path, knowingly or unknowingly,

38:43O son of Pritha.

38:4512. In this world, those desiring success in material activities worship the celestial gods,

38:52since material rewards manifest quickly.

38:5613. The four categories of occupations were created by Me according to people’s qualities and activities.

39:03Although I am the Creator of this system,

39:07know Me to be the Non-doer and Eternal.

39:1014. Activities do not taint Me,

39:12nor do I desire the fruits of action.

39:16One who knows Me in this way is never bound by the karmic reactions of work.

39:2115. Knowing this truth,

39:23even seekers of liberation in ancient times performed actions.

39:28Therefore,

39:29following the footsteps of those ancient sages, you too should perform your duty.

39:3516. What is action and what is inaction?

39:38Even the wise are confused in determining this.

39:43Now I shall explain to you the secret of action,

39:46by knowing which, you may free yourself from material bondage.

39:5117. You must understand the nature of all three— recommended action, wrong action,and inaction.

39:58The truth about these is profound and difficult to understand.

40:0518. Those who see action in inaction and inaction in action are truly wise amongst humans.

40:13Although performing all kinds of actions, they are yogis and masters of all their actions.

40:2019. The enlightened sages call those persons wise,

40:26whose every action is free from the desire for material pleasures and who have burnt the reactions of work in the fire of divine knowledge.

40:3620. Such people,

40:37having given up attachment to the fruits of their actions,

40:41are always satisfied and not dependent on external things.

40:47Despite engaging in activities, they do not do anything at all.

40:5121. Free from expectations and the sense of ownership,

40:55with the mind and intellect fully controlled,

41:00they incur no sin even though performing actions by their body.

41:0422. Content with whatever gain comes of its own accord,

41:08and free from envy, they are beyond the dualities of life. Being equipoised in success and failure,

41:14they are not bound by their actions, even while performing all kinds of activities.

41:20even while performing all kinds of activities.

41:2223. They are released from the bondage of material attachments

41:27and their intellect is established in divine knowledge.

41:32Since they perform all actions as a sacrifice (to God),

41:37they are freed from all karmic reactions.

41:4124. For those who are completely absorbed in God-consciousness,

41:44the oblation is Brahman, the ladle with which it is offered is Brahman,

41:50the act of offering is Brahman,

41:52and the sacrificial fire is also Brahman.

41:54Such persons, who view everything as God, easily attain Him.

42:0125. Some yogis worship the celestial gods with material offerings unto them.

42:06Others worship perfectly who offer the self as sacrifice in the fire of the Supreme Truth.

42:1226. Others offer hearing and other senses in the sacrificial fire of restraint.

42:19Still others offer sound and other objects of the senses as sacrifice in the fire of the senses.

42:2627. Some, inspired by knowledge,

42:28offer the functions of all their senses and their life energy in the fire of the controlled mind.

42:3628. Some offer their wealth as sacrifice,

42:39while others offer severe austerities as sacrifice.

42:43Some practice the eight-fold path of yogic practices,

42:46and yet others study the scriptures and cultivate knowledge as sacrifice, while observing strict vows.

42:5529-30. Still others offer as sacrifice the outgoing breath in the incoming breath,

43:01while some offer the incoming breath into the outgoing breath.

43:05Some arduously practice prāṇāyām and restrain the incoming and outgoing breaths, purely absorbed in the regulation of the life-energy.

43:15Yet others curtail their food intake and offer the breath into the life-energy as sacrifice.

43:21All these knowers of sacrifice are cleansed of their impurities as a result of such performances.

43:2831. Those who know the secret of sacrifice,

43:31and engaging in it,

43:32partake of its remnants that are like nectar,

43:36advance toward the Absolute Truth.

43:38O best of the Kurus,

43:40those who perform no sacrifice find no happiness either in this world or the next.

43:4832. All these different kinds of sacrifice have been described in the Vedas.

43:53Know them as originating from different types of work;

43:57this understanding cuts the knots of material bondage.

44:0233. O subduer of enemies,

44:05sacrifice performed in knowledge is superior to any mechanical material sacrifice.

44:12After all, O Parth,

44:15all sacrifices of work culminate in knowledge.

44:2034. Learn the Truth by approaching a spiritual master.

44:24Inquire from him with reverence and render service unto him.

44:28Such an enlightened Saint can impart knowledge unto you because he has seen the Truth.

44:3735. Following this path and having achieved enlightenment from a Guru,

44:43O Arjun,

44:44you will no longer fall into delusion.

44:47In the light of that knowledge, you will see that all living beings are but parts of the Supreme, and are within Me.

44:5536. Even those who are considered the most immoral of all sinners can cross over this ocean of material existence by seating themselves in the boat of divine knowledge.

45:0737. As a kindled fire reduces wood to ashes,

45:12O Arjun,

45:14so does the fire of knowledge burn to ashes all reactions from material activities.

45:1938. In this world, there is nothing as purifying as divine knowledge.

45:26One who has attained purity of mind through prolonged practice of Yog,

45:31receives such knowledge within the heart, in due course of time.

45:3639. Those whose faith is deep

45:39and who have practiced controlling their mind and senses attain divine knowledge.

45:43and senses attain divine knowledge.

45:46Through such transcendental knowledge,

45:50they quickly attain everlasting supreme peace.

45:5440. But persons who possess neither faith nor knowledge,

45:57and who are of a doubting nature,

46:02suffer a downfall. For the skeptical souls, there is no happiness either in this world or the next.

46:0941. O Arjun,

46:10actions do not bind those who have renounced karm in the fire of Yog,

46:12whose doubts have been dispelled by knowledge,

46:16and who are situated in knowledge of the self.

46:2042. Therefore,

46:21with the sword of knowledge, cut asunder the doubts that have arisen in your heart.

46:26O scion of Bharat,

46:28establish yourself in karm yog,Arise,

46:31stand up,

46:31and take action !

46:51Bhagavadgeetha – Chapter 5

46:54Karma, sanyas yog

46:571. Arjun said:

46:58O Shree Krishna,

46:59You praised karm sanyas and You also advised to do karm yog .

47:05Please tell me decisively which of the two is more beneficial?

47:092. The Supreme Lord said:

47:11Both the path of Karm sanyas and karm yog lead to the supreme goal.

47:18But

47:18karm yog is superior to Karm sanyas

47:223. The karm yogis, who neither desire nor hate anything, should be considered always renounced.

47:29Free from all dualities,

47:32they are easily liberated from the bonds of material energy.

47:364. Only the ignorant speak of sānkhya (renunciation of actions, or karm sanyās) and karm yog (work in devotion) as different.

47:42Those who are truly learned say that by applying ourselves to any one of these paths, we can achieve the results of both.

47:505. The supreme state that is attained by means of karm sanyās is also attained by working in devotion.

47:58Hence,

47:59those who see karm sanyās and karm yog to be identical, truly see things as they are.

48:066. Perfect renunciation (karm sanyās) is difficult to attain without performing work in devotion (karm yog), O mighty-armed Arjun,

48:11but the sage who is adept in karm yog quickly attains the Supreme.

48:177. The karm yogis, who are of purified intellect, and who control the mind and senses,

48:23see the Soul of all souls in every living being.

48:26Though performing all kinds of actions, they are never entangled.

48:318-9. Those steadfast in karm yog, always think, “I am not the doer,”

48:34even while engaged in seeing,

48:35hearing,

48:36touching,

48:38smelling,

48:40moving, sleeping,

48:42breathing,

48:43speaking,

48:45excreting,

48:46grasping,

48:48and opening or closing the eyes.

48:51With the light of divine knowledge,

48:55they see that it is only the material senses that are moving amongst their objects.

49:0210. Those who dedicate their actions to God, abandoning all attachment,

49:08remain untouched by sin, just as a lotus leaf is untouched by water.

49:1211. The yogis,

49:13while giving up attachment,

49:16perform actions with their body, senses, mind, and intellect, only for the purpose of self-purification.

49:2312. Offering the results of all activities to God,

49:28the karm yogis attain everlasting peace.

49:31Whereas those who, being impelled by their desires,

49:35work with a selfish motive become entangled because they are attached to the fruits of their actions.

49:4413. The embodied beings who are self-controlled and detached reside happily in the city of nine gates free from thoughts that they are the doers or the cause of anything.

49:5614. Neither the sense of doership nor the nature of actions comes from God;

50:02nor does He create the fruits of actions.

50:05All this is enacted by the modes of material nature (guṇas).

50:1015. The omnipresent God does not involve Himself in the sinful or virtuous deeds of anyone.

50:17The living entities are deluded because their inner knowledge is covered by ignorance.

50:2316. But for those whose ignorance is destroyed by divine knowledge,

50:29the Supreme Entity is revealed, just as the sun illumines everything when it rises.

50:3717. Those whose intellect is fixed in God,

50:40who are completely absorbed in God,

50:43with firm faith in Him as the supreme goal,

50:47such persons quickly reach the state from which there is no return, their sins having been dispelled by the light of knowledge.

50:5318. The truly learned, with the eyes of divine knowledge, see with equal vision a Brahmin, a cow, an elephant, a dog, and a dog-eater.

51:0619. Those whose minds are established in equality of vision conquer the cycle of birth and death in this very life.

51:12They possess the flawless qualities of God,

51:16and are therefore seated in the Absolute Truth.

51:1920. Established in God,

51:21having a firm understanding of divine knowledge

51:26and not hampered by delusion,

51:28they neither rejoice in getting something pleasant nor grieve on experiencing the unpleasant.

51:3521. Those who are not attached to external sense pleasures realize divine bliss in the self.

51:42Being united with God through Yog,

51:45they experience unending happiness.

51:4922. The pleasures that arise from contact with the sense objects,

51:52though appearing as enjoyable to worldlyminded people,

51:57are verily a source of misery.

52:00O son of Kunti,

52:02such pleasures have a beginning and an end,

52:05the wise do not delight in them.

52:1023. Those persons are yogis, who before giving up the body are able to check the forces of desire and anger;

52:17and they alone are happy.

52:2324. Those who are happy within themselves,

52:26enjoying the delight of God within,

52:29and are illumined by the inner light,

52:33such yogis are united with the Lord and are liberated from material existence.

52:3925. Those holy persons, whose sins have been purged,

52:41whose doubts are annihilated,

52:44whose minds are disciplined,

52:47and who are devoted to the welfare of all beings,

52:51attain God and are liberated from material existence.

52:5926. For those sanyāsīs, who have broken out of anger and lust through constant effort, who have subdued their mind,

53:04and are self-realized, liberation from material existence is both here and hereafter.

53:1427-28. Shutting out all thoughts of external enjoyment,

53:17with the gaze fixed on the space between the eyebrows,

53:20equalizing the flow of the incoming and outgoing breath in the nostrils,

53:26and thus controlling the senses, mind, and intellect,

53:29the sage who becomes free from desire and fear, always lives in freedom.

53:3529. Having realized Me as the enjoyer of all sacrifices and austerities,

53:39the Supreme Lord of all the worlds and the selfless friend of all living beings,

53:46My devotee attains peace.

54:06Bhagavadgeetha – Chapter 6

54:09Dhyan yog / Atma samyam yog

54:131. The Supreme Lord said:

54:15Those who perform prescribed duties without desiring the results of their actions are actual sanyāsīs (renunciates) and yogis,

54:20not those who have merely ceased performing sacrifices such as Agnihotra yajna or abandoned bodily activities.

54:292. What is known as sanyās is non-different from Yog,

54:33for none become yogis without renouncing worldly desires.

54:393. To the soul who is aspiring for perfection in Yog, work without attachment is said to be the means;

54:48to the sage who is already elevated in Yog,

54:51tranquility in meditation is said to be the means.

54:544. When one is neither attached to sense objects nor to actions,

55:01such a person is said to be elevated in the science of Yog,

55:05having renounced all desires for the fruits of actions.

55:125. Elevate yourself through the power of your mind, and not degrade yourself,

55:18for the mind can be the friend and also the enemy of the self.

55:236. For those who have conquered the mind, it is their friend.

55:26For those who have failed to do so, the mind works like an enemy.

55:307. The yogis who have conquered the mind rise above the dualities of cold and heat, joy and sorrow, and honor and dishonor.

55:40Such yogis remain peaceful and steadfast in their devotion to God.

55:468. The yogi who are satisfied by knowledge and discrimination, and have conquered their senses,

55:52remain undisturbed in all circumstances.

55:55They see everything—dirt, stones, and gold—as the same.

56:009. The yogis look upon all—well-wishers, friends, foes, the pious, and the sinners—with an impartial intellect.

56:09The yogi who is of equal intellect toward friend, companion, and foe, neutral among enemies and relatives, and unbiased between the righteous and sinful, is considered to be distinguished among humans.

56:2410. Those who seek the state of Yog should reside in seclusion,

56:28constantly engaged in meditation with a controlled mind and body, getting rid of desires and possessions for enjoyment.

56:3711. To practice Yog, one should make an āsan (seat) in a sanctified place,

56:42by placing Kuśh grass,

56:44deer skin,

56:45and a cloth, one over the other.

56:49The āsan should be neither too high nor too low.

56:5412-13. Seated firmly on it, the yogi should strive to purify the mind by focusing it in meditation with one pointed concentration, controlling all thoughts and activities.

57:07He must hold the body, neck, and head firmly in a straight line,

57:11and gaze at the tip of the nose, without allowing the eyes to wander.

57:1714. Thus, with a serene, fearless, and unwavering mind, and staunch in the vow of celibacy,

57:25the vigilant yogi should meditate on Me, having Me alone as the supreme goal.

57:3015. Thus, constantly keeping the mind absorbed in Me,

57:34the yogi of disciplined mind attains nirvāṇ, and abides in Me in supreme peace.

57:4016. O Arjun,

57:42those who eat too much or too little,

57:46sleep too much or too little,

57:50cannot attain success in Yog.

57:5317. But those who are temperate in eating and recreation,

57:58balanced in work,

58:00and regulated in sleep,

58:02can mitigate all sorrows by practicing Yog.

58:0718. With thorough discipline,

58:09they learn to withdraw the mind from selfish cravings and rivet it on the unsurpassable good of the self.

58:16Such persons are said to be in Yog,

58:20and are free from all yearning of the senses.

58:2519. Just as a lamp in a windless place does not flicker,

58:29so the disciplined mind of a yogi remains steady in meditation on the Supreme.

58:3420. When the mind, restrained from material activities,

58:38becomes still by the practice of Yog,

58:41then the yogi is able to behold the soul through the purified mind,

58:46and he rejoices in the inner joy.

58:4921. In that joyous state of Yog, called samadhi,

58:52one experiences supreme boundless divine bliss,

58:58and thus situated, one never deviates from the Eternal Truth.

59:0522. Having gained that state,

59:07one does not consider any attainment to be greater.

59:11Being thus established, one is not shaken even in the midst of the greatest calamity.

59:1723. That state of severance from union with misery is known as Yog.

59:21This Yog should be resolutely practiced with determination free from pessimism.

59:2824-25. Completely renouncing all desires arising from thoughts of the world,

59:32one should restrain the senses from all sides with the mind.

59:37Slowly and steadily, with conviction in the intellect, the mind will become fixed in God alone,

59:44and will think of nothing else

59:4826. Whenever and wherever the restless and unsteady mind wanders,

59:54one should bring it back and continually focus it on God.

59:5927. Great transcendental happiness comes to the yogi whose mind is calm,

1:00:04whose passions are subdued, who is without sin, and who sees everything in connection with God.

1:00:1328. The self-controlled yogi,

1:00:16thus uniting the self with God,

1:00:18becomes free from material contamination,

1:00:21and being in constant touch with the Supreme,

1:00:25achieves the highest state of perfect happiness.

1:00:2929. The true yogis,

1:00:31uniting their consciousness with God,

1:00:33see with equal eye, all living beings in God and God in all living beings.

1:00:4130. For those who see Me everywhere and see all things in Me, I am never lost,

1:00:48nor are they ever lost to Me

1:00:5031. The yogi who is established in union with Me, and worships Me as the Supreme Soul residing in all beings,

1:00:57dwells only in Me, though engaged in all kinds of activities

1:01:0232. I regard them to be perfect yogis who see the true equality of all living beings and respond to the joys and sorrows of others as if they were their own.

1:01:1433. Arjun said:

1:01:15The system of Yog that you have described, O Madhusudan, appears impractical and unattainable to me, due to the restless mind.

1:01:25O Krishna.

1:01:2634. The mind is very restless, turbulent, strong and obstinate, O Krishna. It appears to me that it is more difficult to control than the wind.

1:01:4035. Lord Krishna said

1:01:42O mighty-armed son of Kunti,

1:01:44what you say is correct;

1:01:46the mind is indeed very difficult to restrain.

1:01:50But by practice and detachment, it can be controlled.

1:01:5636. Yog is difficult to attain for one whose mind is unbridled.

1:01:59However, those who have learnt to control the mind, and who strive earnestly by proper means, can attain perfection in Yog.

1:02:07This is My opinion.

1:02:1037. Arjun said:

1:02:12What is the fate of the unsuccessful yogi who begins the path with faith, but who does not endeavor sufficiently due to an unsteady mind and is unable to reach the goal of Yog in this life?

1:02:2338. Does not such a person who deviates from Yog get deprived of both material and spiritual success,

1:02:31O mighty-armed Krishna,

1:02:33and perish like a broken cloud with no position in either sphere?

1:02:3839. O Krishna,1

1:02:39please dispel this doubt of mine completely,

1:02:43for who other than You can do so?

1:02:4640. The Supreme Lord said:

1:02:48O Parth,

1:02:49one who engages on the spiritual path does not meet with destruction either in this world or the world to come.

1:02:55My dear friend,

1:02:56one who strives for God-realization is never overcome by evil.

1:03:0141-42. The unsuccessful yogis, upon death, go to the abodes of the virtuous.

1:03:07After dwelling there for many ages, they are again reborn in the earth plane, into a family of pious and prosperous people. Else,

1:03:15if they had developed dispassion due to long practice of Yog, they are born into a family endowed with divine wisdom.

1:03:24Such a birth is very difficult to attain in this world.

1:03:2843. On taking such a birth,

1:03:30O descendant of Kurus,

1:03:32they reawaken the wisdom of their previous lives,

1:03:35and strive even harder toward perfection in Yog.

1:03:4044. Indeed, they feel drawn toward God, even against their will, on the strength of their past discipline.

1:03:48Such seekers naturally rise above the ritualistic principles of the scriptures.

1:03:5545. With the accumulated merits of many past births,

1:03:59when these yogis engage in sincere endeavors to make further progress,

1:04:04they become purified from material desires and attain perfection in this life itself.

1:04:1246. A yogi is superior to the tapasvī (ascetic),

1:04:15superior to the jñānī (a person of learning),

1:04:18and even superior to the karmī (ritualistic performer).

1:04:21Therefore,

1:04:22O Arjun,

1:04:23strive to be a yogi.

1:04:2547. Of all yogis,

1:04:27those whose minds are always absorbed in Me,

1:04:31and who engage in devotion to Me with great faith,

1:04:34them I consider to be the highest of all

1:04:56Bhagavadgeetha – Chapter 7

1:05:00Jnana, Vijnana Yog

1:05:021. The Supreme Lord said:

1:05:04O Arjun,

1:05:05how, with the mind attached exclusively to Me, and surrendering to Me through the practice of bhakti yog, you can know Me completely, free from doubt.

1:05:182. I shall now reveal unto you fully this knowledge and wisdom, knowing which nothing else remains to be known in this world.

1:05:293. Amongst thousands of persons, hardly one strives for perfection;

1:05:33and amongst those who have achieved perfection, hardly one knows Me in truth.

1:05:404. Earth, water, fire, air, space, mind, intellect, and ego

1:05:46these are eight components of My material energy.

1:05:505. Such is My inferior energy.

1:05:52But beyond it,

1:05:54O mighty-armed Arjun,

1:05:57I have a superior energy.

1:05:59This is the jīva śhakti (the soul energy),

1:06:03which comprises the embodied souls who are the basis of life in this world.

1:06:086. Know that all living beings are manifested by these two energies of Mine.

1:06:14I am the source of the entire creation, and into Me it again dissolves.

1:06:227. There is nothing higher than Myself,

1:06:25O Arjun.

1:06:26Everything rests in Me, as beads strung on a thread

1:06:328. I am the taste in water,

1:06:34O son of Kunti,

1:06:35and the radiance of the sun and the moon.

1:06:38I am the sacred syllable Om in the Vedic mantras;

1:06:42I am the sound in ether,

1:06:44and the ability in humans.

1:06:479. I am the pure fragrance of the Earth,

1:06:50and the brilliance in fire.

1:06:52I am the life-force in all beings,

1:06:56and the penance of the ascetics.

1:06:5810. O Arjun,

1:07:00know that I am the eternal seed of all beings.

1:07:05I am the intellect of the intelligent,

1:07:07and the splendor of the glorious.

1:07:1011. O best of the Bharatas,

1:07:13in strong persons, I am their strength devoid of desire and passion.

1:07:16I am sexual activity not conflicting with virtue or scriptural injunctions.

1:07:2112. The three states of material existence

1:07:24goodness, passion, and ignorance—are manifested by My energy.

1:07:28They are in Me, but I am beyond them.

1:07:3213. Deluded by the three modes of Maya,

1:07:35people in this world are unable to know Me, the imperishable and eternal.

1:07:4314. My divine energy Maya, consisting of the three modes of nature, is very difficult to overcome.

1:07:49But those who surrender unto Me cross over it easily.

1:07:5515. Four kinds of people do not surrender unto Me

1:07:58those ignorant of knowledge, those who lazily follow their lower nature though capable of knowing Me,

1:08:06those with deluded intellect,

1:08:08and those with a demoniac nature.

1:08:1116. O best amongst the Bharatas,

1:08:13four kinds of pious people engage in My devotion

1:08:17the distressed, the seekers of knowledge, the seekers of worldly possessions, and those who are situated in knowledge.

1:08:2717. Amongst these, I consider them to be the highest, who worship Me with knowledge, and are steadfastly and exclusively devoted to Me.

1:08:39I am very dear to them and they are very dear to Me

1:08:4318. All those who are devoted to Me are indeed noble.

1:08:47But those in knowledge, who are of steadfast mind, whose intellect is merged in Me,

1:08:53and who have made Me alone as their supreme goal,

1:08:57I consider as My very self.

1:09:0119. After many births of spiritual practice,

1:09:04one who is endowed with knowledge surrenders unto Me, knowing Me to be all that is.

1:09:10Such a great soul is indeed very rare.

1:09:1320. Those whose knowledge has been carried away by material desires surrender to the celestial gods.

1:09:20Following their own nature,

1:09:23they worship the devatās,

1:09:25practicing rituals meant to propitiate these celestial personalities.

1:09:3021. Whatever celestial form a devotee seeks to worship with faith,

1:09:35I steady the faith of such a devotee in that form.

1:09:4022. Endowed with faith, the devotee worships a particular celestial god and obtains the objects of desire.

1:09:47But in reality, I alone arrange these benefits.

1:09:5123. But the fruit gained by these people of little understanding is perishable.

1:09:56Dhyan yog / Atma samyam yog

1:10:00while My devotees come to Me.

1:10:0424. The less intelligent think that I, the Supreme Lord Shree Krishna, was formless earlier and have now assumed this personality.

1:10:14They do not understand the imperishable exalted nature of My personal form.

1:10:2125. I am not manifest to everyone, being veiled by My divine Yogmaya energy.

1:10:27Hence, those without knowledge do not know that I am without birth and changeless.

1:10:3426. O Arjun,

1:10:35I know of past, present, and future,

1:10:39and I also know all living beings;

1:10:41but Me no one knows.

1:10:4427. O descendant of Bharat,

1:10:46the dualities of desire and aversion arise from illusion.

1:10:51O conqueror of enemies,

1:10:53all living beings in the material realm are deluded by these.

1:11:0028. whose sins have been destroyed by engaging in pious activities,

1:11:05become free from the illusion of dualities.

1:11:09Such persons worship Me with determination.

1:11:1329. Those who take shelter in Me, striving for liberation from old-age and death, come to know the Brahman, the individual self, and the entire field of karmic action.

1:11:25Dhyan yog / Atma samyam yog

1:11:28and the adhidaiva (the celestial gods),

1:11:30and as adhiyajña (the Lord of all sacrificial performances), such enlightened souls are in full consciousness of Me even at the time of death.

1:11:57Bhagavadgeetha – Chapter 8

1:12:01Akshar Brahma Yog

1:12:031-2. Arjun said:

1:12:04O Supreme Lord,

1:12:06what is Brahman (Absolute Reality),

1:12:08what is adhyatma (the individual soul),

1:12:10and what is karma?

1:12:11What is said to be adhibhuta,

1:12:14and who is said to be Adhidaiva?

1:12:17Who is Adhiyajna in the body and how is He the Adhiyajna?

1:12:22O Krishna,

1:12:24how are You to be known at the time of death by those of steadfast mind?

1:12:293. The Lord said:

1:12:31The Supreme Indestructible Entity is called Brahman;

1:12:35one’s own self is called adhyatma.

1:12:39Actions pertaining to the material personality of living beings, and its development are called karma,or fruitive activities.

1:12:474. O best of the embodied souls,

1:12:50the physical manifestation that is constantly changing is called adhibhūta;

1:12:55the universal form of God, which presides over the celestial gods in this creation, is called Adhidaiva;

1:13:00I, who dwell in the heart of every living being, am called Adhiyajna,

1:13:06or the Lord of all sacrifices

1:13:105. Those who relinquish the body while remembering Me at the moment of death will come to Me.

1:13:15There is certainly no doubt about this.

1:13:186. Whatever one remembers upon giving up the body at the time of death,

1:13:24O son of Kunti,

1:13:25one attains that state, being always absorbed in such contemplation.

1:13:307. Therefore,

1:13:31always remember Me and also do your duty of fighting the war.

1:13:37you will definitely attain Me; of this,

1:13:43there is no doubt.

1:13:458. With practice,

1:13:47O Parth,

1:13:48when you constantly engage the mind in remembering Me, the Supreme Divine Personality, without deviating, you will certainly attain Me

1:13:579-10. God is Omniscient,

1:13:59the most ancient One,

1:14:00the Controller,

1:14:02subtler than the subtlest,

1:14:05the Support of all,

1:14:07and the possessor of an inconceivable divine form;

1:14:10He is brighter than the sun,

1:14:12and beyond all darkness of ignorance.

1:14:15One who at the time of death, with unmoving mind attained by the practice of Yog, fixes the prāṇ (life-airs) between the eyebrows,

1:14:23and steadily remembers the Divine Lord with great devotion, certainly attains Him.

1:14:3011. Scholars of the Vedas describe Him as Imperishable

1:14:35great ascetics practice the vow of celibacy and renounce worldly pleasures to enter into Him.

1:14:42I shall now explain to you briefly the path to that goal.

1:14:4612. Restraining all the gates of the body

1:14:50and fixing the mind in the heart region,

1:14:52and then drawing the lifebreath to the head,

1:14:55one should get established in steadfast yogic concentration.

1:14:5913. One who departs from the body while remembering Me, the Supreme Personality,

1:15:01and chanting the syllable Om, will attain the supreme goal.

1:15:0714. O Parth,

1:15:08for those yogis who always think of Me with exclusive devotion,

1:15:13I am easily attainable because of their constant absorption in Me.

1:15:2015. Having attained Me, the great souls are no more subject to rebirth in this world, which is transient and full of misery,

1:15:28because they have attained the highest perfection

1:15:3316. In all the worlds of this material creation, up to the highest abode of Brahma, you will be subject to rebirth,

1:15:40O Arjun.

1:15:41But on attaining My Abode, there is no further rebirth.

1:15:4617. One day of Brahma (kalp) lasts a thousand cycles of the four ages (mahā yug)

1:15:54and his night also extends for the same span of time.

1:15:57The wise who know this understand the reality about day and night.

1:16:0318. At the advent of Brahma’s day, all living beings emanate from the unmanifest source.

1:16:10And at the fall of his night, all embodied beings again merge into their unmanifest source.

1:16:1719. Multitudes of beings repeatedly take birth with the advent of Brahma’s day,

1:16:23and are reabsorbed on the arrival of the cosmic night, to manifest again automatically on the advent of the next cosmic day.

1:16:3420. Transcendental to this manifest and unmanifest creation,

1:16:38there is yet another unmanifest eternal dimension.

1:16:42That realm does not cease even when all others do.

1:16:4721. That unmanifest dimension is the supreme goal,

1:16:51and upon reaching it, one never returns to this mortal world.

1:16:57That is My Supreme Abode.

1:16:5922. The Supreme Divine Personality is greater than all that exists

1:17:03Although He is all-pervading and all living beings are situated in Him, yet He can be known only through devotion.

1:17:1223-26. I shall now describe to you the different paths of passing away from this world,

1:17:18O best of the Bharatas,

1:17:21one of which leads to liberation and the other leads to rebirth.

1:17:26Those who know the Supreme Brahman

1:17:29and who depart from this world, during the six months of the sun’s northern course, the bright fortnight of the moon, and the bright part of the day,

1:17:35attain the supreme destination.

1:17:37The practitioners of Vedic rituals,

1:17:40who pass away during the six months of the sun’s southern course, the dark fortnight of the moon, the time of smoke, the night,

1:17:48attain the celestial abodes.

1:17:50After enjoying celestial pleasures,

1:17:53they again return to the earth.

1:17:55These two, bright and dark paths, always exist in this world.

1:18:01The way of light leads to liberation and the way of darkness leads to rebirth.

1:18:0727. Yogis who know the secret of these two paths,

1:18:10O Parth, are never bewildered.

1:18:14Therefore,

1:18:15at all times be situated in Yog (union with God).

1:18:2028. The yogis, who know this secret,

1:18:22gain merit far beyond the fruits of Vedic rituals, the study of the Vedas, performance of sacrifices, austerities, and charities.

1:18:35Such yogis reach the Supreme Abode.

1:18:55Bhagavadgeetha – Chapter 9

1:18:59Raja vidya yog, Raja guhya yog

1:19:011. The Supreme Lord said:

1:19:03O Arjun,

1:19:04because you are not envious of Me,

1:19:07I shall now impart to you this very confidential knowledge

1:19:10and wisdom, upon knowing which you will be released from the miseries of material existence

1:19:222. This knowledge is the king of sciences and the most profound of all secrets.

1:19:27It purifies those who hear it.

1:19:30It is directly realizable, in accordance with dharma, easy to practice, and everlasting in effect.

1:19:403. People who have no faith in this dharma are unable to attain Me,

1:19:45O conqueror of enemies.

1:19:47They repeatedly come back to this world in the cycle of birth and death.

1:19:514. This entire cosmic manifestation is pervaded by Me in My unmanifest form.

1:19:56All living beings dwell in Me, but

1:20:00I do not dwell in them.

1:20:025. And yet,

1:20:03the living beings do not abide in Me.

1:20:09Behold the mystery of My divine energy! Although I am the Creator and Sustainer of all living beings,

1:20:15I am not influenced by them or by material nature.

1:20:196. Know that as the mighty wind blowing everywhere rests always in the sky,

1:20:25likewise all living beings always rest in Me.

1:20:317-8. At the end of one kalp

1:20:32all living beings merge into My primordial material energy.

1:20:37At the beginning of the next creation,

1:20:40O son of Kunti,

1:20:41I manifest them again.

1:20:44Presiding over My material energy,

1:20:47I generate these myriad forms again and again, in accordance with the force of their natures.

1:20:559. O conqueror of wealth,

1:20:57none of these actions bind Me.

1:21:00I remain like a neutral observer, ever detached from these actions.

1:21:0710. Working under My direction,

1:21:10this material energy brings into being all animate and inanimate forms,

1:21:15O son of Kunti.

1:21:16For this reason,

1:21:17the material world undergoes the changes (of creation, maintenance, and dissolution).

1:21:2311. When I descend in My personal form deluded persons are unable to recognize Me.

1:21:29They do not know the divinity of My personality, as the Supreme Lord of all beings.

1:21:3512. Bewildered by the material energy, such persons embrace demoniac and atheistic views.

1:21:42In that deluded state,

1:21:44their hopes for welfare are in vain, their fruitive actions are wasted,

1:21:51and their culture of knowledge is baffled.

1:21:5513. But the great souls, who take shelter of My divine energy,

1:21:59O Parth,

1:22:00know Me, Lord Krishna, as the origin of all creation.

1:22:06They engage in My devotion with their minds fixed exclusively on Me.

1:22:1214. Always singing My divine glories,

1:22:17striving with great determination,

1:22:20and humbly bowing down before Me,

1:22:22they constantly worship Me in loving devotion.

1:22:2615. Others, engaging in the yajña of cultivating knowledge,

1:22:30worship Me by many methods.

1:22:33Some see Me as undifferentiated oneness that is non-different from them,

1:22:40while others see Me as separate from them. Still others worship Me in the infinite manifestations of My cosmic form.

1:22:4516-17. It is I who am the Vedic ritual,

1:22:47I am the sacrifice,

1:22:49and I am the oblation offered to the ancestors.

1:22:53s. I am the medicinal herb,

1:22:55and I am the Vedic mantra.

1:22:57I am the clarified butter,

1:22:59I am the fire and the act of offering. Of this universe,

1:23:02I am the Father

1:23:04I am also the Mother,

1:23:06the Sustainer, and the Grandsire.

1:23:09I am the purifier,

1:23:12the goal of knowledge,

1:23:13the sacred syllable Om.

1:23:16I am the Ṛig Veda, Sāma Veda, and the Yajur Veda.

1:23:2118. I am the Supreme Goal of all living beings,

1:23:24and I am also their Sustainer,

1:23:27Master,

1:23:27Witness, Abode, Shelter, and Friend.

1:23:32I am the Origin,

1:23:34End, and Resting Place of creation;

1:23:36I am the Repository and Eternal Seed.

1:23:4019. I radiate heat as the sun,

1:23:44and I withhold, as well as send forth rain.

1:23:47I am immortality as well as death personified,

1:23:51O Arjun.

1:23:52I am the spirit as well as matter.

1:23:5620. Those who are inclined to the fruitive activity described in the Vedas worship Me through ritualistic sacrifices.

1:24:03Being purified from sin by drinking the Soma juice, which is the remnant of the yajñas, they seek to go to heaven.

1:24:12By virtue of their pious deeds, they go to the abode of Indra, the king of heaven,

1:24:17and enjoy the pleasures of the celestial gods.

1:24:2121. When they have enjoyed the vast pleasures of heaven,

1:24:24the stock of their merits being exhausted,

1:24:27they return to the earthly plane.

1:24:30Thus, those who follow the Vedic rituals, desiring objects of enjoyment, repeatedly come and go in this world.

1:24:3722. There are those who always think of Me and engage in exclusive devotion to Me.

1:24:43To them, whose minds are always absorbed in Me,

1:24:46I provide what they lack and preserve what they already possess.

1:24:5123. O son of Kunti,

1:24:54even those devotees who faithfully worship other gods also worship Me.

1:24:58But they do so by the wrong method.

1:25:0124. I am the enjoyer and the only Lord of all sacrifices.

1:25:06But those who fail to realize My divine nature must be reborn.

1:25:1225. Worshippers of the celestial gods take birth amongst the celestial gods,

1:25:15worshippers of the ancestors go to the ancestors,

1:25:19worshippers of ghosts take birth amongst such beings,

1:25:22and My devotees come to Me alone.

1:25:2626. If one offers to Me with devotion a leaf, a flower, a fruit, or even water,

1:25:33I delightfully partake of that item offered with love by My devotee in pure consciousness.

1:25:4027. Whatever you do,

1:25:42whatever you eat,

1:25:43whatever you offer as oblation to the sacred fire,

1:25:46whatever you bestow as a gift,

1:25:48and whatever austerities you perform,

1:25:51O son of Kunti,

1:25:52do them as an offering to Me.

1:25:5528. By dedicating all your works to Me,

1:25:58you will be freed from the bondage of good and bad results.

1:26:02With your mind attached to Me through renunciation, you will be liberated and will reach Me.

1:26:1029. I am equally disposed to all living beings;

1:26:13I am neither inimical nor partial to anyone

1:26:18But the devotees who worship Me with love reside in Me and I reside in them.

1:26:2530. Even if the vilest sinners worship Me with exclusive devotion,

1:26:30they are to be considered righteous

1:26:33because, they have made the proper resolve.

1:26:3631. Quickly they become virtuous, and attain lasting peace.

1:26:42O son of Kunti,

1:26:44declare it boldly that no devotee of Mine is ever lost.

1:26:4832. All those who take refuge in Me, whatever their birth, race, gender, or caste, even those whom society scorns, will attain the supreme destination.

1:27:0033. What then to speak about kings and sages with meritorious deeds?

1:27:04Therefore,

1:27:04having come to this transient and joyless world, engage in devotion unto Me.

1:27:1234. Always think of Me,

1:27:14be devoted to Me,

1:27:16worship Me,

1:27:17and offer obeisance to Me.

1:27:19Having dedicated your mind and body to Me, you will certainly come to Me.

1:27:43Bhagavadgeetha – Chapter 10 – Vibhuti yog

1:27:491. The Lord said:

1:27:51: Listen again to My divine teachings,

1:27:54O mighty armed one. Desiring your welfare because you are My beloved friend,

1:27:58I shall reveal them to you.

1:28:022. Neither celestial gods nor the great sages know of My origin.

1:28:07I am the source from which the gods and great seers come.

1:28:123. Those who know Me as unborn and beginningless,

1:28:16and as the Supreme Lord of the universe, they among mortals are free from illusion and released from all evils.

1:28:244-5. such as intellect,

1:28:26knowledge,

1:28:27clarity of thought,

1:28:28forgiveness,

1:28:30truthfulness,

1:28:30control over the senses and mind,

1:28:32joy and sorrow,

1:28:34birth and death,

1:28:35fear and courage,

1:28:37non-violence, equanimity,

1:28:39contentment, austerity,

1:28:40charity,

1:28:41fame, and infamy.

1:28:42From Me alone arise the varieties of qualities in humans

1:28:496. The seven great Sages,

1:28:51the four great Saints before them,

1:28:53and the fourteen Manus,

1:28:54are all born from My mind.

1:28:57From them, all the people in the world have descended.

1:29:017. Those who know in truth My glories and divine powers become united with Me through unwavering Bhakti Yog.

1:29:10Of this there is no doubt.

1:29:148. I am the origin of all creation.

1:29:18Everything proceeds from Me.

1:29:20The wise who know this perfectly worship Me with great faith and devotion.

1:29:269. With their minds fixed on Me and their lives surrendered to Me,

1:29:32My devotees remain ever content in Me.

1:29:36They derive great satisfaction and bliss in enlightening one another about Me and in conversing about My glories.

1:29:4510. To those whose minds are always united with Me in loving devotion,

1:29:50I give the divine knowledge by which they can attain Me.

1:29:5411. Out of compassion for them,

1:29:56I, who dwell within their hearts,

1:29:58destroy the darkness born of ignorance,

1:30:01with the luminous lamp of knowledge.

1:30:0412-13. Arjun said:

1:30:06You are the Supreme Divine Personality,

1:30:09the Supreme Abode,

1:30:12the Supreme Purifier, the Eternal God, the Primal Being, the Unborn, and the Greatest. The great sages, like Narad, Asit, Deval, and Vyas, proclaimed this,

1:30:25and now You are declaring it to me Yourself.

1:30:2814. O Krishna,

1:30:30I totally accept everything You have told me as the Truth.

1:30:34O Lord,

1:30:35neither gods nor the demons can understand Your true personality.

1:30:4015. O Supreme Personality,

1:30:41the Creator and Lord of all beings,

1:30:44the God of gods, and the Lord of the universe!

1:30:47Indeed, You alone know Yourself by Your inconceivable energy,

1:30:5216-17. Please describe to me Your divine opulences, by which You pervade all the worlds and reside in them.

1:31:01O Supreme Master of Yog,

1:31:03how may I know You and think of You.

1:31:05And while meditating,

1:31:06in what forms can I think of You, O Supreme Divine Personality?

1:31:1118. Tell me again in detail Your divine glories and manifestations,

1:31:17O Janardan.

1:31:19I can never tire of hearing your nectar.

1:31:2319. The Lord spoke:

1:31:25I shall now briefly describe My divine glories to you,

1:31:30O best of the Kurus,

1:31:31for there is no end to their detail.

1:31:3420. O Arjun,

1:31:36I am seated in the heart of all living entities.

1:31:39I am the beginning, middle, and end of all beings.

1:31:4221. Amongst the twelve sons of Aditi I am Vishnu;

1:31:46amongst luminous objects I am the sun.

1:31:49Know Me to be Marichi amongst the maruts,

1:31:51and the moon amongst the stars in the night sky.

1:31:5422. I am the Samaveda amongst the Vedas,

1:31:57and Indra amongst the celestial gods.

1:31:59Amongst the senses I am the mind;

1:32:01amongst the living beings I am consciousness.

1:32:0223. Amongst the rudras know Me to be Shankar;

1:32:04amongst the semi-celestial beings and demons I am Kuber.

1:32:06I am Agni amongst the vasus

1:32:08and Meru amongst the mountains.

1:32:1024. O Arjun,

1:32:12amongst priests, I am Brihaspati;

1:32:14amongst warrior chiefs I am Kartikeya;

1:32:17and amongst reservoirs of water, know Me to be the ocean.

1:32:2025. I am Bhrigu amongst the great seers

1:32:23and the transcendental Om amongst sounds.

1:32:26Amongst chants know Me to be the repetition of the Holy Name;

1:32:31amongst immovable things I am the Himalayas.

1:32:3426. Amongst trees I am the peepal tree (sacred fig tree);

1:32:36of the celestial sages I am Narad.

1:32:38Amongst the gandharvas I am Chitrath,

1:32:40and amongst the siddhas I am sage Kapil.

1:32:4327. Amongst horses know Me to be Ucchaihshrava, begotten from the churning of the ocean of nectar.

1:32:49am Airavata amongst all lordly elephants,

1:32:51and the king amongst humans.

1:32:5328. I am the Vajra (thunderbolt) amongst weapons

1:32:55and Kamadhenu amongst the cows. I am Kaamdev,

1:32:58the god of love, amongst all causes for procreation;

1:33:02and amongst serpents, I am Vasuki.

1:33:0529. Amongst the snakes I am Anant;

1:33:07amongst aquatics I am Varun

1:33:10Amongst the departed ancestors I am Aryama;

1:33:13amongst dispensers of law I am Yamraj, the lord of death.

1:33:1730. I am Prahlad amongst the demons;

1:33:19amongst all that controls I am time.

1:33:23Know me to be the lion amongst animals,

1:33:25and Garud amongst the birds

1:33:2831. Amongst purifiers, I am the wind,

1:33:31and amongst wielders of weapons, I am Lord Ram.

1:33:33Of water creatures, I am the crocodile,

1:33:36and of flowing rivers, I am the Ganges.

1:33:3832. O Arjun,

1:33:40know Me to be the beginning, middle, and end of all creation.

1:33:45Amongst sciences I am the science of spirituality,

1:33:47and in debates I am the logical conclusion.

1:33:5133. I am the beginning “A” amongst all letters;

1:33:53; I am the dual word in grammatical compounds.

1:33:56I am the endless Time,

1:33:58and amongst creators I am Brahma.

1:34:0134. I am the all-devouring death,

1:34:04and I am the origin of those things that are yet to be.

1:34:08Amongst feminine qualities I am fame,

1:34:11prosperity,

1:34:12fine speech,

1:34:13memory,

1:34:14intelligence,

1:34:15courage, and forgiveness.

1:34:1735. Amongst the hymns in the Samaveda know me to be the Brihatsama;

1:34:21amongst poetic meters I am the Gayatri.

1:34:24Of the twelve months of the Hindu calendar I am Margsheersh,

1:34:27and of seasons I am spring, which brings forth flowers.

1:34:3136. I am the gambling of the cheats

1:34:33and the splendor of the splendid.

1:34:35I am the victory of the victorious,

1:34:38the resolve of the resolute, and the virtue of the virtuous.

1:34:4437. Amongst the descendants of Vrishni, I am Krishna,

1:34:47and amongst the Pandavas I am Arjun.

1:34:49Know me to be Ved Vyas amongst the sages,

1:34:52and Shukracharya amongst the great thinkers.

1:34:5538. I am just punishment amongst means of preventing lawlessness,

1:35:01and proper conduct amongst those who seek victory.

1:35:04Amongst secrets I am silence,

1:35:07and in the wise I am their wisdom.

1:35:0939. I am the generating seed of all living beings,

1:35:13O Arjun.

1:35:14No creature moving or non-moving can exist without Me.

1:35:1740. There is no end to My divine manifestations,

1:35:20O conqueror of enemies.

1:35:22What I have declared to you is a mere sample of My infinite glories.

1:35:2841. Whatever you see as beautiful, glorious, or powerful,

1:35:35know it to spring from but a spark of My splendor.

1:35:3942. What need is there for all this detailed knowledge,

1:35:42O Arjun?

1:35:44Simply know that by one fraction of My being, I pervade and support this entire creation.

1:36:151. Arjun said:

1:36:16Having heard the supremely confidential spiritual knowledge,

1:36:23which You have revealed out of compassion for me, my illusion is now dispelled.

1:36:262. I have heard from You in detail about the appearance and disappearance of all living beings,

1:36:33O Lotuseyed One,

1:36:35and also about Your eternal magnificence.

1:36:393. O Supreme Lord,

1:36:40You are precisely what You declare yourself to be.

1:36:42Now I desire to see Your divine cosmic form, O Greatest of persons.

1:36:504. O Lord of all mystic powers,

1:36:53if You think I am strong enough to behold It,

1:36:57then kindly reveal that imperishable cosmic form to me.

1:37:025. The Supreme Lord said:

1:37:04Behold, O Parth, My hundreds and thousands of wonderful forms of various shapes, sizes, and colors.

1:37:166. Behold in Me,

1:37:18O scion of the Bharatas,

1:37:19the (twelve) sons of Aditi,

1:37:21the (eight) vasus,

1:37:23the (eleven) rudras,

1:37:24the (twin) Ashwini Kumars,

1:37:26as well as the (forty-nine) maruts and many more marvels never revealed before.

1:37:347. The entire universe, with everything moving and non-moving, assembled together in My universal form.

1:37:40Behold now, Arjun,

1:37:42Whatever else you wish to see, observe it all within this universal form.

1:37:488. But you cannot see My cosmic form with these physical eyes of yours.

1:37:52Therefore, I grant you divine vision. Behold My majestic opulence!

1:38:029. Sanjay said:

1:38:03O King, having spoken thus,

1:38:06the Supreme Lord of Yog, Shree Krishna,

1:38:09displayed his divine and opulent form to Arjun.

1:38:1410-11. In that cosmic form,

1:38:16Arjun saw unlimited faces and eyes,

1:38:19decorated with many celestial ornaments and wielding many kinds of divine weapons.

1:38:26He wore many garlands on His body and was anointed with many sweet-smelling heavenly fragrances.

1:38:34He revealed Himself as the wonderful and infinite Lord whose face is everywhere.

1:38:4112. If a thousand suns were to blaze forth together in the sky,

1:38:46they would not match the splendor of that great form.

1:38:4913. There Arjun could see the totality of the entire universe established in one place, in that body of the God of gods.

1:38:5614. Then, Arjun, full of wonder and with hair standing on end, bowed his head before the Lord and addressed Him, with folded hands.

1:39:08O Shree Krishna,

1:39:09I behold within Your body all the gods and hosts of different beings.

1:39:15I see Brahma seated on the lotus flower;

1:39:18I see Shiv,

1:39:19all the sages,

1:39:20and the celestial serpents.

1:39:2216. I see Your infinite form in every direction, with countless arms, stomachs, faces, and eyes.

1:39:33O Lord of the universe,

1:39:34whose form is the universe itself,

1:39:36I do not see in You any beginning, middle, or end.

1:39:4017. I see Your form, adorned with a crown, and armed with the club and disc, shining everywhere as the abode of splendor.

1:39:48It is hard to look upon You in the blazing fire of Your effulgence, which is radiating like the sun in all directions.

1:39:5518. I recognize You as the supreme imperishable being, the Ultimate Truth to be known by the scriptures.

1:40:02You are the support of all creation;

1:40:04You are the eternal protector of Sanātan Dharma (the Eternal Religion);

1:40:08and You are the everlasting Supreme Divine Personality.

1:40:1119. You are without beginning, middle, or end;

1:40:14Your power has no limits.

1:40:16Your arms are infinite;

1:40:19the sun and the moon are like Your eyes,

1:40:21and fire is like Your mouth.

1:40:23I see you warming the entire creation by Your radiance.

1:40:3020. The space between heaven and earth and all the directions is pervaded by You alone.

1:40:36Seeing Your wondrous and terrible form, I see the three worlds trembling in fear,

1:40:4721. All the celestial gods are taking Your shelter by entering into You.

1:40:51In awe, some are praising You with folded hands.

1:40:55The great sages and perfected beings are extolling You with auspicious hymns and profuse prayers.

1:41:0122. The rudras, adityas, vasus, sadhyas,

1:41:04vishvadevas, Ashwini Kumars, maruts, ancestors,

1:41:07gandharvas, yakshas, asuras,

1:41:10and siddhas are all beholding You in wonder.

1:41:1423. O mighty Lord,

1:41:16in veneration of Your magnificent form with its many mouths, eyes, arms, thighs, legs, stomachs, and terrifying teeth, all the worlds are terror-stricken, and so am I.

1:41:2924. O Lord Vishnu,

1:41:30seeing Your form touching the sky,

1:41:32effulgent in many colors,

1:41:34with mouths wide open and enormous blazing eyes,

1:41:41my heart is trembling with fear.

1:41:43I have lost all courage and peace of mind.

1:41:4725. Having seen Your many mouths bearing Your terrible teeth, resembling the raging fire at the time of annihilation,

1:41:56I forget where I am and do not know where to go.

1:41:59O Lord of lords,

1:42:01You are the shelter of the universe;

1:42:03please have mercy on me.

1:42:0526-27. I see all the sons of Dhritarashtra,

1:42:07along with their allied kings,

1:42:09including Bheeshma, Dronacharya, Karn, and also the generals from our side,

1:42:14rushing headlong into Your fearsome mouths.

1:42:19I see some with their heads smashed between Your terrible teeth.

1:42:2428-29. As many waves of the rivers flowing rapidly into the ocean,

1:42:29so are all these great warriors entering into Your blazing mouths.

1:42:35As moths rush with great speed into the fire to perish,

1:42:39so are all these armies entering with great speed into Your mouths.

1:42:4330. With Your fiery tongues You are licking up the hosts of living beings on all sides

1:42:49and devouring them with Your blazing mouths.

1:42:53O Vishnu,

1:42:55You are scorching the entire universe with the fierce, all-pervading rays of Your effulgence.

1:43:0231. Tell me who You are,

1:43:04so fierce of form.

1:43:06O God of gods,

1:43:07I bow before You;

1:43:09please bestow Your mercy on me.

1:43:11You, who existed before all creation,

1:43:15I wish to know who You are,

1:43:17for I do not comprehend Your nature and workings.

1:43:2332. The Supreme Lord said:

1:43:26I am mighty Time,

1:43:27the source of destruction that comes forth to annihilate the worlds.

1:43:32Even without your participation,

1:43:34the warriors arrayed in the opposing army shall cease to exist.

1:43:3733. Therefore, arise and attain honor! Conquer your foes and enjoy prosperous rulership.

1:43:47These warriors stand already slain by Me,

1:43:51and you will only be an instrument of My work, O expert archer.

1:43:5534. Dronacharya,

1:43:56Bheeshma,

1:43:57Jayadratha,

1:43:58Karn, and other brave warriors have already been killed by Me.

1:44:04Therefore,

1:44:05slay them without being disturbed.

1:44:08Just fight and you will be victorious over your enemies in battle.

1:44:1535. Sanjay said:

1:44:16Hearing these words of Keshav,

1:44:19Arjun trembled with dread.

1:44:21With palms joined,

1:44:23he bowed before Shree Krishna and spoke in a faltering voice, overwhelmed with fear.

1:44:2936. O Master of the senses,

1:44:32it is but apt that the universe rejoices in giving You praise and is enamored by You.

1:44:39Demons flee fearfully from You in all directions and hosts of perfected saints bow to You.

1:44:4937. O Great One,

1:44:51who are even greater than Brahma, the original creator,

1:44:55why should they not bow to you?

1:44:57O Limitless One,

1:44:58O Lord of the devatās,

1:45:00O Refuge of the universe,

1:45:02You are the imperishable reality beyond both the manifest and the non-manifest.

1:45:0538. You are the primeval God and the original Divine Personality;

1:45:09You are the sole resting place of this universe. You are both the knower and the object of knowledge;

1:45:17You are the Supreme Abode.

1:45:19O possessor of infinite forms, You alone pervade the entire universe.

1:45:2439. You are Vāyu (god of wind),

1:45:26Yamraj (god of death),

1:45:27Agni (god of fire), Varuṇ (god of water),and Chandra (moon-god).

1:45:31You are the creator Brahma, and the Great-grandfather of all beings.

1:45:35offer my salutations unto You a thousand times, again and yet again!

1:45:4040. O Lord of infinite power,

1:45:43my salutations to You from the front and the rear,

1:45:47indeed from all sides! You possess infinite valor and might and pervade everything,and thus,You are everything.

1:45:5941-42. Thinking of You as my friend,

1:46:01I presumptuously addressed You as, “O Krishna,” “O Yadav,” “O my dear Friend.”

1:46:07I was ignorant of Your majesty, showing negligence and undue affection.

1:46:11And if, jestfully, I treated You with disrespect, while playing, resting, sitting, eating, when alone, or before others—for all that I crave forgiveness.

1:46:3043. You are the Father of the entire universe, of all moving and non-moving beings.

1:46:35You are the most deserving of worship and the Supreme Spiritual Master.

1:46:41When there is none equal to You in all the three worlds, then who can possibly be greater than You, O Possessor of incomparable power?

1:46:4944. Therefore, O adorable Lord,

1:46:50bowing deeply and prostrating before You, I implore You for Your grace.

1:46:55As a father tolerates his son,

1:46:58a friend forgives his friend,

1:47:00and a lover pardons the beloved,

1:47:03please forgive me for my offences.

1:47:0745. Having seen Your universal form that I had never seen before, I feel great joy.

1:47:13And yet, my mind trembles with fear.

1:47:16Please have mercy on me and again show me Your pleasing form,

1:47:22O God of gods,

1:47:23O Abode of the universe.

1:47:2646. O Thousand-armed One,

1:47:28though You are the embodiment of all creation,

1:47:30I wish to see You in Your fourarmed form, carrying the mace and disc, and wearing the crown.

1:47:3847. The Lord said:

1:47:41Arjun,

1:47:42being pleased with you,

1:47:44by My Yogmaya power, I gave you a vision of My resplendent, unlimited, and primeval cosmic form.

1:47:53No one before you has ever seen it.

1:47:5748. Not by study of the Vedas,

1:47:59nor by the performance of sacrifice,

1:48:02rituals, or charity,

1:48:04nor even by practicing severe austerities, has any mortal ever seen what you have seen,

1:48:12O best of the Kuru warriors.

1:48:1349. Be neither afraid nor bewildered on seeing this terrible form of Mine.

1:48:19Be free from fear and with a cheerful heart, behold Me once again in My personal form.

1:48:2650. Sanjay said:

1:48:28Having spoken thus,

1:48:30the compassionate son of Vasudev displayed His personal (four-armed) form again.

1:48:36Then,

1:48:37He further consoled the frightened Arjun by assuming His gentle (two-armed) form.

1:48:4451. Arjun said:

1:48:46O Shree Krishna,

1:48:47seeing Your gentle human form (two-armed),

1:48:51I have regained my composure and my mind is restored to normal.

1:48:5752-53. The Supreme Lord said:

1:48:59This form of Mine that you are seeing is exceedingly difficult to behold.

1:49:04Even the celestial gods are eager to see it.

1:49:07Neither by the study of the Vedas, nor by penance, charity, or fire sacrifices, can I be seen as you have seen Me.

1:49:1954. O Arjun,

1:49:20by unalloyed devotion alone can I be known as I am, standing before you.

1:49:27Thereby, on receiving My divine vision, O scorcher of foes, one can enter into union with Me.

1:49:3455. Those who perform all their duties for My sake,

1:49:37who depend upon Me and are devoted to Me,

1:49:42who are free from attachment,

1:49:44and are without malice toward all beings,

1:49:47such devotees certainly come to Me.

1:50:09Bhagavadgeetha – Chapter 12

1:50:13Bhakti yog

1:50:141. Arjun inquired:

1:50:16Between those who are steadfastly devoted to Your personal form and those who worship the formless Brahman,

1:50:23whom do You consider to be more perfect in Yog?

1:50:282. The Lord said:

1:50:30Those who fix their minds on Me and always engage in My devotion with steadfast faith,

1:50:38consider them to be the best yogis.

1:50:41the imperishable, the indefinable, the unmanifest,the all-pervading, the unthinkable, the unchanging, the eternal, and the immoveable

1:50:56by restraining their senses and being even-minded everywhere, such persons, engaged in the welfare of all beings,

1:51:05also attain Me.

1:51:065. For those whose minds are attached to the unmanifest, the path of realization is full of tribulations.

1:51:13Worship of the unmanifest is exceedingly difficult for embodied beings.

1:51:186-7. But those who dedicate all their actions to Me, regarding Me as the Supreme goal, worshiping Me and meditating on Me with exclusive devotion,

1:51:31O Parth,

1:51:32I swiftly deliver them from the ocean of birth and death,

1:51:37for their consciousness is united with Me.

1:51:428. Fix your mind on Me alone and surrender your intellect to Me.

1:51:47There upon,

1:51:49you will always live in Me.

1:51:51Of this, there is no doubt.

1:51:549. If you are unable to fix your mind steadily on Me,

1:51:59O Arjun,

1:52:00then practice remembering Me with devotion while constantly restraining the mind from worldly affairs.

1:52:0710. If you cannot practice remembering Me with devotion,

1:52:11then just try to work for Me.

1:52:14Thus performing devotional service to Me, you shall achieve the stage of perfection.

1:52:2011. If you are unable to even work for Me in devotion,

1:52:25then try to renounce the fruits of your actions and be situated in the self.

1:52:3112. Better than mechanical practice is knowledge;

1:52:34better than knowledge is meditation.

1:52:37Better than meditation is renunciation of the fruits of actions,

1:52:41for peace immediately follows such renunciation.

1:52:4613-14. Those devotees are very dear to Me who are free from malice toward all living beings, who are friendly, and compassionate.

1:52:58They are free from attachment to possessions and egotism,

1:53:01equipoised in happiness and distress, and ever-forgiving.

1:53:09They are ever-content, steadily united with Me in devotion,

1:53:13selfcontrolled, of firm resolve, and dedicated to Me in mind and intellect.

1:53:1915. Those who are not a source of annoyance to anyone and who in turn are not agitated by anyone,

1:53:25who are equal in pleasure and pain,

1:53:28and free from fear and anxiety, such devotees of Mine are very dear to Me.

1:53:3316. Those who are indifferent to worldly gains,

1:53:37externally and internally pure,

1:53:40skillful,

1:53:41without cares,

1:53:43untroubled,

1:53:44and free from selfishness in all undertakings,

1:53:49such devotees of Mine are very dear to Me.

1:53:5117. Those who neither rejoice in mundane pleasures nor despair in worldly sorrows,

1:53:58who neither lament for any loss nor hanker for any gain,

1:54:01who renounce both good and evil deeds, such persons who are full of devotion are very dear to Me.

1:54:1218-19. Those, who are alike to friend and foe,

1:54:16equipoised in honor and dishonor,

1:54:18cold and heat,

1:54:20joy and sorrow,

1:54:21and are free from all unfavorable association;

1:54:26those who take praise and reproach alike,

1:54:29who are given to silent contemplation,

1:54:31content with what comes their way,

1:54:33without attachment to the place of residence,

1:54:37whose intellect is firmly fixed in Me,

1:54:40and who are full of devotion to Me,

1:54:43such persons are very dear to Me.

1:54:4620. Those who honor this nectar of wisdom declared here,

1:54:50have faith in Me,

1:54:52and are devoted and intent on Me as the supreme goal,

1:54:55they are exceedingly dear to Me.

1:55:16Bhagavadgeetha – Chapter 13

1:55:19Kshetra kshetrajna vibhag yog

1:55:211. Arjun said,

1:55:23“O Keshav,

1:55:24I wish to understand what are prakṛiti and puruṣh, and what are kṣhetra and kṣhetrajña?

1:55:32I also wish to know what is true knowledge,

1:55:34and what is the goal of this knowledge?

1:55:382. The Supreme Divine Lord said:

1:55:42O Arjun,

1:55:43this body is termed as kṣhetra (the field of activities),

1:55:45and the one who knows this body is called kṣhetrajña (the knower of the field)

1:55:49by the sages who discern the truth about both.

1:55:533. O scion of Bharat,

1:55:55am also the knower of all the individual fields of activity.

1:55:58The understanding of the body as the field of activities, and the soul and God as the knowers of the field, this I hold to be true knowledge.

1:56:074. Listen,

1:56:08and I will explain to you what that field is and what its nature is.

1:56:13I will also explain how change takes place within it, from what it was created, who the knower of the field of activities is, and what his powers are.

1:56:235. Great sages have sung the truth about the field and the knower of the field in manifold ways.

1:56:31It has been stated in various Vedic hymns,

1:56:34and especially revealed in the Brahma Sūtra, with sound logic and conclusive evidence.

1:56:436. The field of activities is composed of the five great elements,

1:56:44the ego,

1:56:46the intellect,

1:56:46the unmanifest primordial matter,

1:56:48the eleven senses (five knowledge senses, five working senses, and mind),

1:56:54and the five objects of the senses.

1:57:007. Desire and aversion,

1:57:02happiness and misery,

1:57:04the body, consciousness, and the will

1:57:07all these comprise the field and its modifications.

1:57:118-12. Humbleness;

1:57:12freedom from hypocrisy;

1:57:14non-violence;

1:57:15forgiveness;

1:57:16simplicity;

1:57:17service of the Guru;

1:57:18cleanliness of body and mind;

1:57:20steadfastness; and self-control;

1:57:23dispassion toward the objects of the senses

1:57:26absence of egotism;

1:57:28keeping in mind the evils of birth, disease, old age, and death

1:57:32non-attachment;

1:57:33absence of clinging to spouse, children, home, and so on

1:57:37even-mindedness amidst desired and undesired events in life;

1:57:42constant and exclusive devotion toward Me;

1:57:46an inclination for solitary places and an aversion for mundane society;

1:57:52constancy in spiritual knowledge;

1:57:55and philosophical pursuit of the Absolute Truth

1:57:58all these I declare to be knowledge,

1:58:02and what is contrary to it, I call ignorance.

1:58:0613. I shall now reveal to you that which ought to be known,

1:58:11and by knowing which,

1:58:13one attains immortality.

1:58:15It is the beginningless Brahman, which lies beyond existence and non-existence.

1:58:2014. Everywhere are His hands and feet, eyes, heads, and faces.

1:58:26His ears too are in all places,

1:58:29for He pervades everything in the universe.

1:58:3515. Though He perceives all sense-objects,

1:58:39yet He is devoid of the senses.

1:58:41He is unattached to everything,

1:58:44and yet He is the sustainer of all.

1:58:48Although He is without attributes, yet He is the enjoyer of the three modes of material nature.

1:58:5316. He exists outside and inside all living beings,

1:58:55those that are moving and not moving.

1:58:58He is subtle,

1:59:00and hence, He is incomprehensible.

1:59:03He is very far, but He is also very near.

1:59:0817. He is indivisible,

1:59:11yet He appears to be divided amongst living beings.

1:59:14Know the Supreme Entity to be the Sustainer, Annihilator, and Creator of all beings.

1:59:2218. He is the source of light in all luminaries,

1:59:27and is entirely beyond the darkness of ignorance.

1:59:30He is knowledge,

1:59:32the object of knowledge,

1:59:33and the goal of knowledge.

1:59:35He dwells within the hearts of all living beings.

1:59:3919. I have thus revealed to you the nature of the field,

1:59:43the meaning of knowledge,

1:59:45and the object of knowledge.

1:59:48Only My devotees can understand this in reality,

1:59:53and by doing so,

1:59:54they attain My divine nature.

1:59:5820. Know that prakṛiti (material nature) and puruṣh (the individual souls) are both beginningless.

2:00:06Also know that all transformations of the body and the three modes of nature are produced by material energy.

2:00:1421. In the matter of creation, the material energy is responsible for cause and effect;

2:00:19in the matter of experiencing happiness and distress, the individual soul is declared responsible.

2:00:2422. When the puruṣh (individual soul) seated in prakṛiti (the material energy) desires to enjoy the three guṇas,

2:00:31attachment to them becomes the cause of its birth in superior and inferior wombs.

2:00:3823. Within the body also resides the Supreme Lord.

2:00:42He is said to be the Witness,

2:00:44the Permitter,

2:00:45the Supporter,

2:00:46Transcendental Enjoyer,

2:00:48the ultimate Controller,

2:00:50and the Paramātmā (Supreme Soul).

2:00:5324. Those who understand the truth about Supreme Soul, the individual soul, material nature, and the interaction of the three modes of nature will not take birth here again.

2:01:04They will be liberated regardless of their present condition.

2:01:0925. Some try to perceive the Supreme Soul within their hearts through meditation,

2:01:14and others try to do so through the cultivation of knowledge,

2:01:19while still others strive to attain that realization by the path of action.

2:01:2626. There are still others who are unaware of these spiritual paths,

2:01:29but they hear from others and begin worshipping the Supreme Lord.

2:01:36By such devotion to hearing from saints,

2:01:39they too can gradually cross over the ocean of birth and death.

2:01:4527. O best of the Bharatas,

2:01:48whatever moving or unmoving being you see in existence, know it to be a combination of the field of activities and the knower of the field.

2:01:56whatever moving or unmoving being you see in existence,

2:02:01know it to be a combination of the field of activities and the knower of the field.

2:02:0828. They alone truly see, who perceive the Paramātmā (Supreme Soul)

2:02:13do not degrade themselves by their mind.

2:02:17Thereby, they reach the supreme destination.

2:02:2030. They alone truly see who understand that all actions (of the body) are performed by material nature, while the embodied soul actually does nothing.

2:02:3131. When they see the diverse variety of living beings situated in the same material nature,

2:02:37and understand all of them to be born from it,

2:02:41they attain the realization of the Brahman.

2:02:44O son of Kunti.

2:02:4632. The Supreme Soul is imperishable,

2:02:48without beginning,

2:02:49and devoid of any material qualities,

2:02:51Although situated within the body,

2:02:55It neither acts, nor is It tainted by material energy.

2:02:5833. Space holds everything within it,

2:03:01but being subtle,

2:03:04does not get contaminated by what it holds.

2:03:07Similarly, though its consciousness pervades the body,

2:03:12the soul is not affected by the attributes of the body.

2:03:1634. Just as one sun illumines the entire solar system,

2:03:21so does the individual soul illumine the entire body (with consciousness).

2:03:2535. Those who perceive with the eyes of knowledge the difference between the body

2:03:31and the knower of the body, and the process of release from material nature, attain the supreme destination.

2:03:55Bhagavadgeetha – Chapter 14

2:03:58Guna Traya Vibhag Yog

2:04:001. The Divine Lord said:

2:04:02I shall once again explain to you the supreme wisdom, the best of all knowledge;

2:04:11by knowing which, all the great saints attained the highest perfection.

2:04:162. Those who take refuge in this wisdom will be united with Me.

2:04:20They will not be reborn at the time of creation nor destroyed at the time of dissolution.

2:04:263-4. The total material substance, prakṛiti, is the womb.

2:04:30I impregnate it with the individual souls,

2:04:33and thus all living beings are born.

2:04:36O son of Kunti,

2:04:38for all species of life that are produced,

2:04:40the material nature is the womb,

2:04:43and I am the seed-giving Father.

2:04:455. O mighty-armed Arjun,

2:04:48the material energy consists of three guṇas (modes)

2:04:53sattva (goodness),

2:04:54rajas (passion),

2:04:55and tamas (ignorance).

2:04:57These modes bind the eternal soul to the perishable body.

2:05:026. Amongst these, sattva guṇa, the mode of goodness, being purer than the others,

2:05:07is illuminating and full of well-being.

2:05:11O sinless one,

2:05:12it binds the soul by creating attachment for a sense of happiness and knowledge.

2:05:197. O Arjun,

2:05:20rajo guṇa is of the nature of passion.

2:05:24It arises from worldly desires and affections,

2:05:28and binds the soul through attachment to fruitive actions.

2:05:328. O Arjun,

2:05:34tamo guṇa, which is born of ignorance,

2:05:36is the cause of illusion for the embodied souls.

2:05:39It deludes all living beings through negligence, laziness, and sleep.

2:05:479. Sattva binds one to material happiness;

2:05:50rajas conditions the soul toward actions;

2:05:54and tamas clouds wisdom and binds one to delusion.

2:05:5910. O Arjuna,

2:06:01Sometimes goodness (sattva) prevails over passion (rajas) and ignorance (tamas),

2:06:05Sometimes passion (rajas) dominates goodness (sattva)

2:06:10and ignorance (tamas), and at other times ignorance (tamas) overcomes goodness (sattva) and passion (rajas).

2:06:1611-13. When all the gates of the body are illumined by knowledge,

2:06:20know it to be a manifestation of the mode of goodness.

2:06:23When the mode of passion predominates,

2:06:25O Arjun,

2:06:26the symptoms of greed, exertion for worldly gain, restlessness, and craving develop.

2:06:33O Arjun,

2:06:35nescience, inertia, negligence, and delusion

2:06:38these are the dominant signs of the mode of ignorance.

2:06:4114-15. Those who die with predominance of sattva reach the pure abodes (which are free from rajas and tamas) of the learned.

2:06:48Those who die with prevalence of the mode of passion are born

2:06:5316.among people driven by work, while those dying in the mode of ignorance take birth in the animal kingdom.

2:06:59It is said the fruit of actions performed in the mode of goodness bestow pure results.

2:07:04Actions done in the mode of passion result in pain,

2:07:08while those performed in the mode of ignorance result in darkness.

2:07:1317. From the mode of goodness arises knowledge,

2:07:15from the mode of passion arises greed,

2:07:17and from the mode of ignorance arise negligence and delusion.

2:07:2118. Those situated in the mode of goodness rise upward;

2:07:26those in the mode of passion stay in the middle;

2:07:30and those in the mode of ignorance go downward.

2:07:3519. When wise persons see that in all work there is no agent of action other than the three guṇas,

2:07:43and they know Me to be transcendental to these guṇas,

2:07:46they attain My divine nature.

2:07:5020. By transcending the three modes of material nature associated with the body,

2:07:54one becomes free from birth, death, old age, and misery,

2:08:00and attains immortality.

2:08:0221. Arjun inquired:

2:08:03What are the characteristics of those who have gone beyond the three guṇas,

2:08:09O Lord?

2:08:10How do they act?

2:08:12How do they go beyond the bondage of the guṇas?

2:08:1622-23. The Supreme Divine Personality said:

2:08:18O Arjun,

2:08:19The persons who are transcendental to the three guṇ

2:08:22as neither hate illumination (which is born of sattva),

2:08:25nor activity (which is born of rajas),

2:08:28nor even delusion (which is born of tamas),

2:08:31when these are abundantly present,

2:08:34nor do they long for them when they are absent.

2:08:37They remain neutral to the modes of nature and are not disturbed by them.

2:08:43Knowing it is only the guṇas that act,

2:08:46they stay established in the self, without wavering.

2:08:5024-25. Those who are alike in happiness and distress;

2:08:53who are established in the self

2:08:56who look upon a clod,a stone, and a piece of gold as of equal value;

2:09:02who remain the same amidst pleasant and unpleasant events;

2:09:06who are intelligent;

2:09:07who accept both blame and praise with equanimity;

2:09:11who remain the same in honor and dishonor;

2:09:15who treat both friend and foe alike;

2:09:19and who have abandoned all enterprises

2:09:21they are said to have risen above the three guṇas.

2:09:2526. Those who serve Me with unalloyed devotion rise above the three modes of material nature

2:09:32and come to the level of the Brahman.

2:09:3427. I am the basis of the formless Brahman,

2:09:39the immortal and imperishable, of eternal dharma, and of unending divine bliss.

2:10:03Bhagavadgeetha – Chapter 15

2:10:08Purushottam Yog

2:10:101. The Supreme Divine Personality said:

2:10:12They speak of an eternal aśhvatth tree with its roots above and branches below.

2:10:18Its leaves are the Vedic hymns,

2:10:21and one who knows the secret of this tree is the knower of the Vedas.

2:10:262. The branches of the tree extend upward and downward, nourished by the three guṇas

2:10:33with the objects of the senses as tender buds.

2:10:36The roots of the tree hang downward, causing the flow of karma in the human form.

2:10:43Below, its roots branch out causing (karmic) actions in the world of humans.

2:10:503-4. The real form of this tree is not perceived in this world,

2:10:55neither its beginning nor end, nor its continued existence.

2:11:00But this deep-rooted aśhvatth tree must be cut down with a strong axe of detachment.

2:11:09Then one must search out the base of the tree,

2:11:13which is the Supreme Lord,

2:11:16from whom streamed forth the activity of the universe a long time ago.

2:11:21Upon taking refuge in Him, one will not return to this world again.

2:11:265. Those who are free from vanity and delusion,

2:11:30who have overcome the evil of attachment,

2:11:33who dwell constantly on the self and on God,

2:11:37who are free from the desire to enjoy the senses,

2:11:41who are free from the desire to enjoy the senses,

2:11:44such liberated personalities attain My eternal Abode.

2:11:496. Neither the sun nor the moon, nor fire can illumine that Supreme Abode of Mine.

2:11:55Having gone There, one does not return to this material world again.

2:12:007. The embodied souls in this material world are My eternal fragmental parts.

2:12:06But bound by material nature,

2:12:09they are struggling with the six senses including the mind.

2:12:138. As the air carries fragrance from place to place,

2:12:19so does the embodied soul carry the mind and senses with it, when it leaves an old body and enters a new one.

2:12:299. Using the sense perceptions of the ears, eyes, skin, tongue, and nose, which are grouped around the mind, the embodied soul savors the objects of the senses.

2:12:4110. The ignorant do not perceive the soul as it resides in the body, and as it enjoys sense objects;nor do they perceive it when it departs.

2:12:52But those who possess the eyes of knowledge can behold it.

2:12:5611. Striving yogis too are able to realize the soul enshrined in the body.

2:13:03However, those whose minds are not purified cannot cognize it, even though they strive to do so.

2:13:1012. Know that I am like the brilliance of the sun that illuminates the entire solar system.

2:13:16The radiance of themoon and the brightness of the fire also come from Me.

2:13:2313. Permeating the earth,

2:13:27I nourish all living beings with My energy.

2:13:30Becoming the moon, I nourish all plants with the juice of life.

2:13:3614. It is I who take the form of the fire of digestion in the stomachs of all living beings, and combine with the incoming and outgoing breaths, to digest and assimilate the four kinds of foods.

2:13:4815. I am seated in the hearts of all living beings,

2:13:51and from Me come memory, knowledge, as well as forgetfulness.

2:13:56I alone am to be known by all the Vedas,

2:14:01am the author of the Vedant,

2:14:03and the knower of the meaning of the Vedas.

2:14:0616. There are two kinds of beings in creation,

2:14:09the kṣhar (perishable) and the akṣhar (imperishable).

2:14:14The perishable are all beings in the material realm. The imperishable are the the liberated beings.

2:14:2017. Besides these,

2:14:21s the Supreme Divine Personality, who is the indestructible Supreme Soul.

2:14:26He enters the three worlds as the unchanging Controller and supports all living beings.

2:14:3318. I am transcendental to the perishable world of matter,

2:14:36and even to the imperishable soul;

2:14:41hence I am celebrated, both in the Vedas and the Smṛitis, as the Supreme Divine Personality.

2:14:4819. Those who know Me without doubt as the Supreme Divine Personality truly have complete knowledge.

2:14:56O Arjun,

2:14:58they worship Me with their whole being.

2:15:02O sinless Arjun.

2:15:0420. I have shared this most secret principle of the Vedic scriptures with you,

2:15:09By understanding this, a person becomes enlightened,

2:15:13and fulfills all that is to be accomplished.

2:15:33Bhagavadgeetha – Chpater 16

2:15:37Daivasura sampad vibhag yog

2:15:401-3. The Supreme Divine Personality said:

2:15:42O scion of Bharat,

2:15:44these are the saintly virtues of those endowed with a divine nature

2:15:47fearlessness,

2:15:48purity of mind,

2:15:50steadfastness in spiritual knowledge,

2:15:53charity,

2:15:55control of the senses,

2:15:56sacrifice,

2:15:58study of the sacred books,

2:15:59austerity,

2:16:00and straightforwardness;

2:16:02non-violence,

2:16:03truthfulness,

2:16:04absence of anger,

2:16:06renunciation,

2:16:07peacefulness,

2:16:08restraint from fault-finding,

2:16:10compassion toward all living beings,

2:16:13absence of covetousness,

2:16:14gentleness,

2:16:15modesty,

2:16:16and lack of fickleness;

2:16:18vigor, forgiveness, fortitude,

2:16:21cleanliness,

2:16:22bearing enmity toward none,

2:16:24and absence of vanity.

2:16:274. O Parth,

2:16:29the qualities of those who possess a demoniac nature are hypocrisy, arrogance, conceit, anger, harshness, and ignorance.

2:16:385. The divine qualities lead to liberation,

2:16:42while the demoniac qualities are the cause for a continuing destiny of bondage.

2:16:47Grieve not, O Arjun, as you were born with saintly virtues.

2:16:536. There are two kinds of beings in this world

2:16:55those endowed with a divine nature and those possessing a demoniac nature.

2:17:00I have described the divine qualities in detail,

2:17:04O Arjun.

2:17:05Now hear from me about the demoniac nature.

2:17:087. Those possessing a demoniac nature do not comprehend which actions are proper and which are improper.

2:17:14Hence, they possess neither purity, nor good conduct, nor even truthfulness.

2:17:238. They say,

2:17:25“The world is without Absolute Truth,

2:17:28without any basis (for moral order),

2:17:30and without a God (who has created or is controlling it).

2:17:33It is created from the combination of the two sexes, and has no purpose other than sexual gratification.”

2:17:419. Holding fast to such views,

2:17:44these misdirected souls, with small intellect and cruel actions, arise as enemies of the world threatening its destruction.

2:17:54boring insatiable lust,

2:17:57full of hypocrisy,

2:17:58pride and arrogance,

2:17:59the demoniac cling to their false tenets.

2:18:03Thus illusioned,

2:18:06they are attracted to the impermanent and work with impure resolve.

2:18:1311. They are obsessed with endless anxieties that end only with death.

2:18:21Still, they maintain with complete assurance that gratification of desires and accumulation of wealth is the highest purpose of life.

2:18:2812. Held in bondage by hundreds of desires,

2:18:32and driven by lust and anger,

2:18:34they strive to accumulate wealth by unjust means,

2:18:39all for the gratification of their senses.

2:18:4113-15. The demoniac persons think,

2:18:45“I have gained so much wealth today,

2:18:48and I shall now fulfill this desire of mine.

2:18:51This is mine,

2:18:52and tomorrow I shall have even more.

2:18:54That enemy has been destroyed by me,

2:18:57and I shall destroy the others too! I am like God Himself,

2:19:00I am like God Himself,

2:19:03I am the enjoyer,

2:19:05I am perfect,

2:19:06I am powerful,

2:19:08and I am happy.

2:19:10I am wealthy and I have highly placed relatives.

2:19:15Who else is equal to me?

2:19:16I shall perform sacrifices (to the celestial gods);

2:19:19I shall give alms;

2:19:20I shall rejoice.

2:19:21they are deluded by ignorance.

2:19:2516. Possessed and led astray by such imaginings,

2:19:29enveloped in a mesh of delusion,

2:19:31and addicted to the gratification of sensuous pleasures,

2:19:34they descend to the murkiest hell.

2:19:3717. Such self-conceited and stubborn people,

2:19:42full of pride and arrogant in their wealth, perform ostentatious sacrifices in name only, with no regard to the rules of the scriptures.

2:19:5318. Blinded by egotism,

2:19:54strength,

2:19:55arrogance,

2:19:56desire,

2:19:56and anger, the demonic abuse Me,

2:19:59who am present in their own body and in the bodies of others.

2:20:0719-20. These cruel and hateful persons,

2:20:11the vile and vicious of humankind, I constantly hurl into the wombs of those with similar demoniac natures in the cycle of rebirth in the material world.

2:20:21These ignorant souls take birth again and again in demoniac wombs.

2:20:27Failing to reach Me,

2:20:28O Arjun,

2:20:30they gradually sink to the most abominable type of existence.

2:20:3421. There are three gates leading to the hell of self-destruction for the soul

2:20:38—lust, anger, and greed.

2:20:41Therefore, one should abandon all three.

2:20:4522. Those who are free from the three gates to darkness endeavor for the welfare of their soul,

2:20:51and thereby attain the supreme goal.

2:20:5523. Those who act under the impulse of desire, discarding the injunctions of the scriptures,

2:21:01attain neither perfection, nor happiness, nor the supreme goal in life.

2:21:0824. Therefore,

2:21:09let the scriptures be your authority in determining what should be done and what should not be done.

2:21:15Understand the scriptural injunctions and teachings,

2:21:20and then perform your actions in this world accordingly.

2:21:40Bhagavadgeetha – Chapter 17

2:21:44Shraddha Traya Vibhag Yog

2:21:471. Arjun said:

2:21:48O Krishna, 12

2:21:49where do they stand who disregard the injunctions of the scriptures,

2:21:57but still worship with faith?

2:22:00Is their faith in the mode of goodness, passion, or ignorance?

2:22:032. The Supreme Divine Personality said:

2:22:05Every human being is born with innate faith,

2:22:10which can be of three kinds—sāttvic, rājasic, or tāmasic

2:22:16Now hear about this from Me.

2:22:203. The faith of all humans conforms to the nature of their mind.

2:22:26All people possess faith,

2:22:29and whatever the nature of their faith, that is verily what they are.

2:22:344. Those in the mode of goodness worship the celestial gods; those in the mode of passion worship the yakṣhas and rākṣhasas;

2:22:42those in the mode of ignorance worship ghosts and spirits.

2:22:475-6. Some people perform stern austerities that are not enjoined by the scriptures, but rather motivated by hypocrisy and egotism.

2:22:57Impelled by desire and attachment, they torment not only the elements of theirbody, but also I who dwell within them as the Supreme Soul.

2:23:09Know these senseless people to be of demoniacal resolves.

2:23:147. The food that people prefer is according to their dispositions.

2:23:19The same is true for the sacrifice, austerity, and charity they are inclined (or predisposed) toward.

2:23:24Now hear of the distinctions from Me.

2:23:278. Persons in the mode of goodness prefer foods that promote life span, and increase virtue, strength, health, happiness, and satisfaction.

2:23:39Such foods are juicy, succulent, nourishing, and naturally tasteful.

2:23:469. Foods that are too bitter, too sour, salty, very hot, pungent, dry, and full of chillies,

2:23:54are dear to persons in the mode of passion.

2:23:58Such foods produce pain, grief, and disease.

2:24:0310. Foods that are overcooked,

2:24:06stale, putrid, polluted, and impure are dear to persons in the mode of ignorance.

2:24:1611. Sacrifice that is performed according to scriptural injunctions without expectation of rewards, with the firm conviction of the mind that it is a matter of duty, is of the nature of goodness.

2:24:2812. O best of the Bharatas,

2:24:30know that sacrifice performed for material benefit, or with a hypocritical aim, is in the mode of passion.

2:24:3713. Sacrifice devoid of faith and contrary to the injunctions of the scriptures,

2:24:42in which no food is offered,

2:24:45no mantras chanted,

2:24:46and no donation made,

2:24:49is to be considered in the mode of ignorance.

2:24:5214. When worship of the Supreme Lord, the Brahmins, the spiritual master, the wise,

2:25:00nd the elders is done with the observance of cleanliness, simplicity, celibacy, and non-violence

2:25:06then this worship is declared as the austerity of the body.

2:25:095. Words that do not cause distress,

2:25:11are truthful,

2:25:13inoffensive,

2:25:14and beneficial,

2:25:17as well as regular recitation of the Vedic scriptures

2:25:20—these are declared as austerity of speech.

2:25:2316. Serenity of thought,

2:25:25gentleness,

2:25:26silence,

2:25:27self-control,

2:25:29and purity of purpose

2:25:31all these are declared as austerity of the mind.

2:25:3517. When devout persons with ardent faith practice these three-fold austerities without yearning for material rewards,

2:25:44they are designated as austerities in the mode of goodness.

2:25:4618. Austerity that is performed with ostentation for the sake of gaining honor, respect, and adoration is in the mode of passion.

2:25:56Its benefits are unstable and transitory.

2:26:0119. Austerity that is performed by those with confused notions,

2:26:05and which involves torturing the self or harming others,

2:26:09is described to be in the mode of ignorance.

2:26:1120. Charity given to a worthy person simply because it is right to give, without consideration of anything in return, at the proper time and in the proper place,is stated to be in the mode of goodness.

2:26:2721. But charity given with reluctance,

2:26:30with the hope of a return or in expectation of a reward, is said to be in the mode of passion.

2:26:3922. And that charity,

2:26:40which is given at the wrong place and wrong time to unworthy persons, without showing respect, or with contempt, is held to be of the nature of nescience.

2:26:5123. The words “Om Tat Sat” have been declared as symbolic representations of the Supreme Absolute Truth, from the beginning of creation.

2:26:59From them came the priests, scriptures, and sacrifice.

2:27:0524. Therefore,

2:27:06when performing acts of sacrifice,

2:27:08offering charity,

2:27:09or undertaking penance,

2:27:12expounders of the Vedas always begin by uttering “Om” according to the prescriptions of Vedic injunctions.

2:27:2025. Persons who do not desire fruitive rewards,

2:27:22but seek to be free from material entanglements,

2:27:27utter the word “Tat” along with acts of austerity, sacrifice, and charity.

2:27:3326-27. The word “Sat” means eternal existence and goodness.

2:27:39O Arjun,

2:27:41it is also used to describe an auspicious action.

2:27:45Being established in the performance of sacrifice, penance, and charity, is also described by the word “Sat.”

2:27:53And so any act for such purposes is named “Sat.”

2:27:5928. O son of Pritha,

2:28:01whatever acts of sacrifice, charity,

2:28:04or penance are done without faith, are termed as “Asat

2:28:09” They are useless both in this world and the next.

2:28:34Bhagavadgeetha – Chapter 18

2:28:37Moksha Sanyas Yog

2:28:39Arjun said:

2:28:41O mighty-armed Krishna,

2:28:44I wish to understand the nature of sanyās (renunciation of actions) and tyāg (renunciation of desire for the fruits of actions).

2:28:48O Hrishikesh,

2:28:50I also wish to know the distinction between the two,

2:28:54The Supreme Divine Personality said:

2:28:56: Giving up of actions motivated by desire is what the learned understand as sanyās.

2:29:04Relinquishing the fruits of all actions is what the wise declare to be tyāg

2:29:10Some learned people

2:29:12declare that all kinds of actions should be given up as evil,

2:29:17while others maintain that acts of

2:29:19sacrifice, charity, and penance should never be abandoned.

2:29:24Now hear My conclusion on the subject of renunciation,

2:29:29O tiger amongst men,

2:29:30for renunciation has been declared to be of three kinds.

2:29:35Actions based upon sacrifice, charity, and penance should never be abandoned;

2:29:41they must certainly be performed.

2:29:43. Indeed, acts of sacrifice, charity, and penance are purifying even for those who are wise.

2:29:50These activities must be performed without attachment and expectation for rewards.

2:29:57This is My definite and supreme verdict, O Arjun.

2:30:02Prescribed duties should never be renounced.

2:30:06Such deluded renunciation is said to be in the mode of ignorance.

2:30:10To give up prescribed duties because they are troublesome

2:30:14or cause bodily discomfort is renunciation in the mode of passion.

2:30:22Such renunciation is never beneficial or elevating.

2:30:28O Arjun,

2:30:29When actions are undertaken in response to duty,

2:30:33it is considered renunciation in the nature of goodness.

2:30:38Those who neither avoid disagreeable work nor seek work because it is agreeable are persons of true renunciation.

2:30:48They are endowed with the quality of the mode of goodness and have no doubts (about the nature of work).

2:30:5311. For the embodied being, it is impossible to give up activities entirely.

2:30:59But those who relinquish the fruits of their actions are said to be truly renounced.

2:31:0512. The three-fold fruits of actions—pleasant, unpleasant, and mixed—accrue even after death to those who are attached to personal reward.

2:31:16But,

2:31:18for those who renounce the fruits of their actions,

2:31:20there are no such results in the here or hereafter.

2:31:2413. O Arjun,

2:31:26now learn from Me about the five factors that have been mentioned for the accomplishment of all actions in the doctrine of Sānkhya, which explains how to stop the reactions of karmas.

2:31:4014. The body,

2:31:41the doer (soul),

2:31:42the various senses,

2:31:44the many kinds of efforts,

2:31:45and Divine Providence—these are the five factors of action.

2:31:4915-16. These five are the contributory factors for whatever action is performed, whether proper or improper, with body, speech, or mind.

2:31:59Those who do not understand this regard the soul as the only doer. With their

2:32:03impure intellects they cannot see things as they are.

2:32:0717. Those who are free from the ego of being the doer,

2:32:12and whose intellect is unattached,

2:32:15though they may slay living beings, they neither kill nor are they bound by actions

2:32:2118. Knowledge, the object of knowledge, and the knower

2:32:26—these are the three factors that induce action.

2:32:28The instrument of action, the act itself, and the doer

2:32:31these are the three constituents of action.

2:32:3419. Knowledge, action, and the doer are declared to be of three kinds in the Sānkhya philosophy, distinguished according to the three modes of material nature.

2:32:44Listen, and I will explain their distinctions to you.

2:32:4820. Understand that knowledge to be in the mode of goodness by which a person sees one undivided imperishable reality within all diverse living beings.

2:33:0021. That knowledge is to be considered in the mode of passion by which one sees manifold living entities in diverse bodies as individual and unconnected.

2:33:1422. That knowledge is said to be in the mode of ignorance where one is engrossed in a fragmental concept as if it encompasses the whole, and which is neither grounded in reason nor based on the truth.

2:33:2923. Action that is in accordance with the scriptures, free from attachment and aversion, and done without desire for rewards, is in the mode of goodness.

2:33:4124. Action that is prompted by selfish desire,

2:33:44enacted with pride, and full of stress, is in the nature of passion.

2:33:5125. That action is declared to be in the mode of ignorance, which is begun out of delusion, without thought to one’s own ability, and disregarding consequences, loss, and injury to others.

2:34:0626. The performer is said to be in the mode of goodness, when he or she is free from egotism and attachment, endowed with enthusiasm and determination, and equipoised in success and failure

2:34:1827. The performer is considered in the mode of passion when he or she craves the fruits of the work, is covetous, violent-natured, impure, and moved by joy and sorrow.

2:34:3328. A performer in the mode of ignorance is one who is undisciplined, vulgar, stubborn, deceitful, slothful, despondent, and a procrastinator.

2:34:4829. Hear now, O Arjun,

2:34:51of the distinctions of intellect and determination, according to the three modes of material nature, as I describe them in detail.

2:34:58O Parth,

2:34:59when it understands what is proper action and improper action,

2:35:02what is duty and non-duty,

2:35:06what is to be feared and what is not to be feared,

2:35:09what is binding and what is liberating.

2:35:1831. The intellect is considered in the mode of passion when it is confused between righteousness and unrighteousness,

2:35:23and cannot distinguish between right and wrong conduct,

2:35:32O Parth

2:35:3332. That intellect which is shrouded in darkness,

2:35:35imagining irreligion to be religion,

2:35:38and perceiving untruth to be the truth, is of the nature of ignorance,

2:35:4333. The steadfast willpower that is developed through Yog,

2:35:46and which sustains the activities of the mind, the life-airs, and the senses, is said to be determination in the mode of goodness.

2:35:5634. The steadfast willpower by which one holds on to duty, pleasures, and wealth, out of attachment and desire for rewards,

2:36:04is determination in the mode of passion.

2:36:0735. That unintelligent resolve is said to be determination in the mode of ignorance, in which one does not give up dreaming, fearing, grieving, despair, and conceit.

2:36:1936. Now hear from Me,

2:36:21O Arjun,

2:36:22of the three kinds of happiness in which the embodied soul rejoices,

2:36:27and can even reach the end of all suffering.

2:36:3337. That which seems like poison at first,

2:36:35but tastes like nectar in the end, is said to be happiness in the mode of goodness.

2:36:39It is generated by the pure intellect that is situated in self-knowledge.

2:36:4538. Happiness is said to be in the mode of passion when it is derived from the contact of the senses with their objects.

2:36:52Such happiness is like nectar at first but poison at the end.

2:36:5839. That happiness which covers the nature of the self from beginning to end,

2:37:05and which is derived from sleep, indolence, and negligence, is said to be in the mode of ignorance.

2:37:1240. No living being on earth or the higher celestial abodes of this material realm is free from the influence of these three modes of nature.

2:37:2441. The duties of the Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras

2:37:28are distributed according to their qualities, in accordance with their guṇas (and not by birth).

2:37:3742. Tranquility,

2:37:38restraint,

2:37:40austerity,

2:37:41purity,

2:37:42patience,

2:37:43integrity,

2:37:44knowledge,

2:37:45wisdom,

2:37:46and belief in a hereafter

2:37:49these are the intrinsic qualities of work for Brahmins.

2:37:5343. Valor,

2:37:54strength,

2:37:55fortitude,

2:37:56skill in weaponry,

2:37:58resolve never to retreat from battle,

2:38:00large-heartedness in charity,

2:38:03and leadership abilities,

2:38:05these are the natural qualities of work for Kshatriyas

2:38:0944. Agriculture,

2:38:10dairy farming,

2:38:11and commerce are the natural works for those with the qualities of Vaishyas.

2:38:18Serving through work is the natural duty for those with the qualities of Shudras.

2:38:2545. By fulfilling their duties, born of their innate qualities,

2:38:29human beings can attain perfection.

2:38:32Now hear from Me how one can become perfect by discharging one’s prescribed duties

2:38:4246. By performing one’s natural occupation,

2:38:46one worships the Creator from whom all living entities have come into being,

2:38:49and by whom the whole universe is pervaded.

2:38:53By such performance of work, a person easily attains perfection.

2:39:0047. It is better to do one’s own dharma, even though imperfectly, than to do another’s dharma, even though perfectly.

2:39:09By doing one’s innate duties, a person does not incur sin.

2:39:1448. One should not abandon duties born of one’s nature, even if one sees defects in them,

2:39:23O son of Kunti.

2:39:24Indeed, all endeavors are veiled by some evil, as fire is by smoke.

2:39:3349. Those whose intellect is unattached everywhere,

2:39:36who have mastered the mind,

2:39:38and are free from desires by the practice of renunciation, attain the highest perfection of freedom from action.

2:39:45O Arjun,

2:39:47I shall explain how one, who has attained perfection (of cessation of actions), can also attain Brahman by being firmly fixed in transcendental knowledge.

2:39:5951-53. when he or she possesses a purified intellect and firmly restrains the senses,

2:40:06abandoning sound and other objects of the senses, casting aside attraction and aversion.One becomes fit to attain Brahman

2:40:15Such a person relishes solitude,

2:40:18eats lightly,

2:40:20controls body,

2:40:23mind, and speech, is ever engaged in meditation, and practices dispassion.

2:40:28Free from egotism, violence,

2:40:31arrogance, desire,

2:40:33possessiveness of property,

2:40:35and selfishness, such a person,

2:40:39situated in tranquility,

2:40:41is fit for union with Brahman (i.e., realization of the Absolute Truth as Brahman).

2:40:4554. One situated in the transcendental Brahman realization becomes mentally serene,

2:40:51neither grieving nor desiring. Being equitably disposed toward all living beings,

2:41:05such a yogi attains supreme devotion unto Me.

2:41:0855. Only by loving devotion to Me does one come to know who I am in Truth.

2:41:14Then, having come to know Me, My devotee enters into full consciousness of Me.

2:41:2056. My devotees, though performing all kinds of actions,

2:41:26By My grace, they attain the eternal and imperishable abode.

2:41:3157. Dedicate your every activity to Me, making Me your supreme goal.

2:41:38Taking shelter of the Yog of the intellect,

2:41:40keep your consciousness absorbed in Me always.

2:41:4458. If you always remember Me,

2:41:47by My grace you shall overcome all obstacles and difficulties.

2:41:51But if, due to pride, you do not listen to My advice, you will perish.

2:41:5859. If, motivated by pride, you think, “I shall not fight,”

2:42:04your decision will be in vain.

2:42:06Your own nature will compel you to fight.

2:42:1460. O Arjun,

2:42:15that action which out of delusion you do not wish to do,

2:42:19you will be driven to do it by your own inclination, born of your own material nature.

2:42:2661. The Supreme Lord dwells in the hearts of all living beings,

2:42:30O Arjun.

2:42:31According to their karmas, He directs the wanderings of the souls, who are seated on a machine made of material energy

2:42:4162. Surrender exclusively unto Him with your whole being,

2:42:47O Bharat.

2:42:48By His grace,

2:42:49you will attain perfect peace and the eternal abode.

2:42:5463. Thus, I have explained to you this knowledge that is more secret than all secrets.

2:43:00Ponder over it deeply,

2:43:03and then do as you wish.

2:43:0564. Hear again My supreme instruction,

2:43:09the most confidential of all knowledge.

2:43:13I am revealing this for your benefit because you are very dear to Me.

2:43:2165. Always think of Me, be devoted to Me,

2:43:24worship Me,

2:43:25and offer obeisance to Me.

2:43:29Doing so, you will certainly come to Me.

2:43:33This is My pledge to you, for you are very dear to Me.

2:43:3966. Abandon all varieties of dharmas and simply surrender unto Me alone.

2:43:44I shall liberate you from all sinful reactions

2:43:47do not fear.

2:43:4867. This instruction should never be explained to those who are not austereor to those who are not devoted.

2:43:56It should also not be spoken to those who are averse to listening (to spiritual topics),

2:43:59and especially not to those who are envious of Me.

2:44:0568. Amongst My devotees, those who teach this most confidential knowledge perform the greatest act of love.

2:44:13They will come to Me, without doubt.

2:44:1669. No human being does more loving service to Me than they;

2:44:20nor shall there ever be anyone on this earth more dear to Me.

2:44:2570. And I proclaim that those who study this sacred dialogue of ours will worship Me (with their intellect) through the sacrifice of knowledge;

2:44:32such is My view.

2:44:3571. Even those who only listen to this knowledge with faith and without envy will be liberated from sins and attain the auspicious abodes where the pious dwell.

2:44:4772. O Arjun,

2:44:48have you heard Me with a concentrated mind?

2:44:51Have your ignorance and delusion been destroyed?

2:44:5673. Arjun said:

2:44:57O Infallible One,

2:44:59by Your grace my illusion has been dispelled,

2:45:02and I am situated in knowledge.

2:45:06e. I am now free from doubts,

2:45:08and I shall act according to Your instructions.

2:45:1374. Sanjay said:

2:45:15Thus, have I heard this wonderful conversation between Shree Krishna, the Son of Vasudev, and Arjun, the noble-hearted son of Pritha.

2:45:25So thrilling is the message that my hair is standing on end.

2:45:2975. By the grace of Veda Vyas,

2:45:32I have heard this supreme and most secret Yog from the Lord of Yog, Shree Krishna Himself.

2:45:3976. As I repeatedly recall this astonishing and wonderful dialogue between the Supreme Lord Shree Krishna and Arjun,

2:45:48O King, I rejoice again and again.

2:45:5277. And remembering that most astonishing and wonderful cosmic form of Lord Krishna, great is my astonishment,

2:46:00and I am thrilled with joy over and over again.

2:46:0478. Wherever there is Shree Krishna, the Lord of all Yog,

2:46:08and wherever there is Arjun, the supreme archer,

2:46:11there will also certainly be unending opulence, victory, prosperity, and righteousness.

2:46:19Of this, I am certain.