The Complete History of Ancient Egypt's Greatest Mysteries

0:00Said to be buried together for thousands

0:02of years, the mystery of the [music]

0:04lost tomb of Cleopatra Mark Anthony has

0:06remained a mystery.

0:08Perhaps that is until today. This

0:12never-before-seen tunnel has been

0:13something regarded as a engineering

0:15[music] miracle.

0:17And while that whole thing is huge, how

0:19does all of this happen in the first

0:21place?

0:24The discovery of Cleopatra's tomb is

0:26undeniably one of the most thrilling and

0:28mysterious achievements in archaeology.

0:30Cleopatra IIth, the final ruler of the

0:33Tomic [music] Kingdom of Egypt, has

0:35fascinated people for centuries with her

0:37intelligence, political shrewdness, and

0:40her famous romances with Roman leaders

0:42Julius Caesar and Mark Anthony. For

0:45ages, the location [music] of her final

0:47resting place remained one of history's

0:49most elusive mysteries.

0:52The breakthrough in the search for

0:53Cleopatra's tomb emerged in the early

0:5521st century. This incredible discovery

0:58was driven by Dr. Zahi [music] Hawas,

1:00Egypt's former minister of antiquities

1:02and Kathleen Martinez, a Dominican

1:04lawyer turned self-taught archaeologist

1:06with a deep passion for Cleopatra.

1:09Martinez, fueled by her admiration for

1:11Cleopatra and her extensive research of

1:13ancient texts, posited that [music]

1:15Cleopatra and Mark Anthony were buried

1:17in the temple of Taposyus Magna near the

1:20ancient [music] city of Alexandria.

1:22Martinez's theory was rooted in a

1:24detailed analysis of historical accounts

1:26by Plutarch and Casius Dio suggesting

1:29Cleopatra [music] might have been buried

1:30in a temple dedicated to the goddess

1:32Isis. This idea contrasted with the

1:35prevailing [music] belief that Cleopatra

1:37was interred within Alexandria itself.

1:39In 2005, Martinez obtained permission

1:42from [music] the Egyptian authorities to

1:44commence excavations at Taposiris Magna.

1:47The excavation at Taposiris Magna was

1:50challenging. The site located on the

1:52edge of the Libyan desert posed

1:54significant difficulties due to [music]

1:56its unstable structures and the complex

1:58layers of archaeological deposits. Over

2:01several years, the team uncovered

2:02notable artifacts, including [music]

2:04coins with Cleopatra's likeness,

2:07statues, and inscriptions, all

2:09supporting the hypothesis that the site

2:11was connected to Cleopatra. A

2:13particularly intriguing aspect of this

2:15discovery was the mysterious and [music]

2:16seemingly serendipitous nature of many

2:19findings. Key discoveries often

2:21coincided with unusual weather events

2:23like sudden sandstorms and unexpected

2:26rains, almost [snorts] as if guiding the

2:28archaeologists to crucial areas. Some

2:31team members [music] reported vivid

2:32dreams and visions of ancient rituals

2:35which they interpreted as [music]

2:36spiritual guidance. An especially

2:39fascinating discovery was a large

2:40unfinished tunnel beneath the temple

2:42[music] leading to a series of chambers.

2:45This tunnel carved with precise

2:47craftsmanship suggested that the burial

2:49complex was intended [music] for someone

2:50of extraordinary significance, possibly

2:53Cleopatra herself. Inside these

2:56chambers, the team found a hidden room

2:58containing a [music] collection of

2:59golden artifacts and inscriptions

3:01referring to a queen of kings, a title

3:04often linked to Cleopatra. The initial

3:06[music] announcement of the discovery of

3:08Cleopatra's tomb attracted immense media

3:10attention and widespread public

3:12interest. Press conferences were held,

3:14documentaries were produced, and the

3:16artifacts were meticulously cataloged

3:18and preserved. Many of these artifacts,

3:21including [music] statues, jewelry, and

3:23coins, were exhibited in museums

3:25worldwide, drawing millions of visitors

3:28eager [music] to learn more about

3:29Cleopatra and her era. Following the

3:32discovery, Taposirus Magna became a

3:34focal [music] point for ongoing

3:36archaeological research. Scholars and

3:38historians collaborated to further

3:40investigate the surrounding area,

3:42uncovering additional structures and

3:44[music] artifacts that offered more

3:45insights into the TMIC period. The

3:48discovery also [music] led to a

3:49re-evaluation of other potential burial

3:51sites across Egypt, prompting new

3:53excavations [music] and yielding fresh

3:55historical data. The site itself

3:58transformed into a popular tourist

4:00destination, significantly [music]

4:01boosting the local economy and fostering

4:04a deeper appreciation for Egypt's rich

4:06cultural heritage. Educational programs

4:09and public lectures [music] spread the

4:10knowledge gained from the discovery,

4:12inspiring a new generation of

4:14archaeologists and historians.

4:16Cleopatra's tomb holds a treasure trove

4:19of unique [music] and fascinating facts

4:20that shed light on her life and reign.

4:23One of the most remarkable aspects of

4:25Cleopatra was her linguistic prowess.

4:28She was fluent in several languages

4:30including Egyptian, Greek, Latin, and

4:32possibly others, which allowed her to

4:34communicate effectively with various

4:36cultures and political leaders. This

4:39multilingual ability was a [music]

4:41significant asset in her diplomatic

4:43engagements and helped her maintain

4:45strong political ties. Cleopatra's

4:47[music] reign was characterized by a

4:49remarkable blend of Egyptian and

4:50Henistic cultures. She embraced Egyptian

4:54customs [music] and religious practices,

4:56presenting herself as the reincarnation

4:58of the goddess Isis while also

5:00maintaining strong connections to her

5:02Greek heritage.

5:04This cultural synretatism was reflected

5:06in [music] the art, architecture, and

5:08religious ceremonies of her time,

5:10creating a unique and vibrant cultural

5:12landscape.

5:14The tomb at Taposirus Magna, believed to

5:16be Cleopatra's final resting place, is a

5:19testament to her architectural vision.

5:21The complex [music] features intricate

5:22carvings, hidden chambers, and

5:25sophisticated tunnels, highlighting the

5:27advanced engineering and architectural

5:29skills of the period. [music] The tomb's

5:31design and construction reflect the

5:33grandeur and sophistication that

5:34Cleopatra likely envisioned for her

5:36eternal abode. The artifacts [music]

5:39discovered within the tomb are rich with

5:41symbolism. Golden jewelry, statues, and

5:44inscriptions [music] reflect Cleopatra's

5:46royal status, religious beliefs, and

5:48political ambitions. These artifacts

5:51offer a glimpse into her life, her

5:53reign, and her desire to be remembered

5:54as a divine ruler. The symbols and

5:57inscriptions provide valuable insights

5:59into how Cleopatra viewed [music]

6:01herself and how she wanted to be

6:03perceived by future generations.

6:05The discovery of hidden chambers and

6:07[music] tunnels within the tomb complex

6:09suggests that Cleopatra may have taken

6:12great care to ensure the security and

6:14sanctity of her final resting place.

6:16These hidden features indicate a

6:18sophisticated understanding of

6:19architecture and a deep respect for the

6:21afterlife. The hidden chambers and

6:24tunnels add an element of mystery and

6:25intrigue to the tomb, highlighting the

6:28lengths to which Cleopatra went [music]

6:29to protect her legacy. The tomb complex

6:32at Taposiris Magna is extensive,

6:34featuring a series of interconnected

6:36[music] chambers and tunnels. The main

6:38burial chamber, believed to be the final

6:40resting place of Cleopatra, is adorned

6:43with intricate carvings and [music]

6:44decorated with golden artifacts. The

6:47size of the tomb and its elaborate

6:49design indicate that [music] it was

6:50intended for a person of significant

6:52importance, supporting the theory that

6:54it [music] belongs to Cleopatra.

6:57Among the artifacts discovered were

6:59numerous statues, [music]

7:00some depicting Cleopatra herself, others

7:03representing Egyptian gods and

7:05goddesses. The team also found a wealth

7:07of golden jewelry, including necklaces,

7:10[music] bracelets, and rings, many of

7:12which are inscribed with hieroglyphs and

7:14symbols associated with royalty [music]

7:16and divinity.

7:18Additionally, coins bearing Cleopatra's

7:20likeness and inscriptions were

7:21uncovered, [music] further supporting

7:23the identification of the tomb. These

7:25artifacts not only highlight Cleopatra's

7:27royal status, but also provide a

7:30tangible connection to the historical

7:32figure, [music] enriching our

7:33understanding of her life and reign. One

7:36of the most enduring mysteries

7:38surrounding Cleopatra is the exact

7:40circumstances of her passing. The

7:42traditional account suggests that she

7:43[music] took herself by allowing an asp,

7:45a venomous snake, to bite her. However,

7:48some scholars propose alternative

7:50theories. Another intriguing theory is

7:53that Cleopatra's relationship with Rome

7:55was more complex than commonly

7:56portrayed. Some historians believe that

7:59her alliances with Julius Caesar and

8:01later with Mark Anthony were part of a

8:03broader strategy to [music] create a

8:05unified Greco Roman Egyptian Empire with

8:08Alexandria as its capital. This theory

8:11suggests that Cleopatra's ambitions

8:13extended beyond Egypt, envisioning a new

8:16world order centered around her rule.

8:18The discovery of Cleopatra's tomb has

8:21also sparked speculation about a

8:22potential curse associated with

8:25disturbing her final resting place.

8:27Similar to the curse of Tutankamun's

8:29tomb, [music] some believe that those

8:31who enter Cleopatra's tomb may face

8:33misfortune or supernatural retribution.

8:36While there is no concrete evidence to

8:38support this theory, it adds an element

8:40of mystery and intrigue to the

8:42discovery.

8:44One of the most mysterious coincidences

8:46related to the discovery of Cleopatra's

8:48tomb [music] is the alignment of

8:50astrological events. Researchers noted

8:53that significant [music] breakthroughs

8:54in the excavation process often

8:56coincided with notable celestial [music]

8:58events such as eclipses and planetary

9:01conjunctions. Some believed that these

9:04alignments were not mere coincidences,

9:06but rather signs of divine intervention

9:08[music]

9:08or ancient knowledge encoded in the

9:10tomb's design. Several members of the

9:13excavation team [music] reported

9:14experiencing intuitive insights and

9:17inexplicable hunches that guided their

9:19efforts. These insights often led to

9:21significant [music] discoveries such as

9:23the location of hidden chambers or the

9:25interpretation of cryptic inscriptions.

9:27[music]

9:28While these experiences cannot be

9:30scientifically explained, they add a

9:32layer of mystery to the discovery

9:33process. Cleopatra's legacy also

9:36includes her [music] efforts to position

9:38herself as a divine ruler. She was

9:40closely associated with the goddess Isis

9:42[music] and often depicted herself as

9:44the goddess's earthly embodiment. This

9:47association was part of [music] her

9:48strategy to legitimize her rule and

9:50strengthen her connection with the

9:52Egyptian [music] people. The artifacts

9:54found in her tomb, including statues and

9:56inscriptions depicting her as Isis,

9:59underscore this aspect of her reign.

10:02in the boxes in places like the

10:04Serapium, which which is probably my

10:06favorite site because it's there's

10:08literally miles of tunnels beneath

10:09Sakara. So there's it's like a giant

10:11underground necropolis. Inside the

10:13Capium, you have 25 of these things

10:15which are these single piece like 100

10:18ton granite boxes. They're insane. It's

10:21absolutely insane. And this one in

10:24particular is in an offlimits area that

10:26we we went into that's rarely seen by

10:28tourists. We couldn't we couldn't make

10:30the box without developing specific

10:32tools to do it because the way they'd

10:34make it is they'd cut like five slabs

10:36and then bolt them together, you know,

10:38like a floor and then four walls and

10:39they bolt it together into a box. These

10:41are single pieces. So, what's what's

10:44impressive about that is it's like you

10:46you have to quarry this one block of

10:48stone and then dig it out. You have to

10:51dig all of the inside out. And and some

10:53of the examples of precision in the

10:55cerapium are absolutely remarkable. You

10:57have perfect 90° uh corners in some of

11:00the boxes, perfect 90° uh interfaces

11:03with the lids and some of these walls.

11:05Maintain that geometry from like being

11:0711 ft apart. Like that's insane. Like we

11:10that's one of the major challenges of

11:12this is is in designing and and

11:15maintaining that type of relative

11:17geometry in a space where you can't

11:18afford to make any mistakes.

11:29The cerapium of Sakara, nestled near

11:32Cairo, holds one of ancient Egypt's most

11:34puzzling enigmas. Enormous granite boxes

11:38often considered to be sarcophagi. These

11:41immense boxes carved from single blocks

11:43of granite with an astonishing level of

11:46precision continue to baffle

11:48archaeologists, engineers, and

11:51historians.

11:52How did the ancient Egyptians craft

11:54these structures with such detail and

11:57accuracy, sparking ongoing debates about

12:00their origins? These boxes are far from

12:03ordinary stone coffins. Each is crafted

12:06from a single block of granite known for

12:08its extreme hardness and difficulty to

12:10work with. Some of these boxes, complete

12:14with their lids, weigh as much as 70

12:16tons, while the raw blocks they were

12:18carved from likely weighed over 200

12:21tons.

12:22What's truly remarkable is the precision

12:25of the craftsmanship. The corners are

12:27perfectly squared and the surfaces are

12:30so smooth they seem to rival modern

12:32machinery and accuracy.

12:34Achieving this level of exactness,

12:36especially millennia ago, raises the

12:38question, did the ancient Egyptians

12:41possess technology beyond what we've

12:43ever imagined?

12:45The interior of these boxes is equally

12:47orinspiring. While the smooth exteriors

12:50are impressive enough, the flawless

12:52precision on the inside seems even more

12:54impossible.

12:56How did they hollow out these massive

12:57granite blocks with such accuracy

13:00[music] given the tools thought to be

13:01available at the time? Copper tools,

13:04often credited to the Egyptians, would

13:06have been insufficient for the task, and

13:08the uniform thickness of the walls

13:10suggests the use of sophisticated

13:12measurement techniques far ahead of

13:13their time. Such uniformity in these

13:16boxes is unparalleled in other Egyptian

13:19artifacts, leading to more questions.

13:22Hollowing out these granite blocks would

13:24have required not just immense labor,

13:26but an advanced understanding of stone

13:29cutting techniques that we still don't

13:31fully comprehend.

13:33Conventional explanations, primarily

13:35focusing on copper tools, fall short

13:38when compared to the remarkable

13:40precision of these boxes.

13:43How then did the Egyptians achieve this

13:45level of perfection?

13:47Some theories propose that the builders

13:49had access to lost technology, perhaps

13:52advanced tools or machinery now

13:54forgotten in the annals of history.

13:57Researchers speculate about high-speed

13:59drills, diamond tip saws, or other

14:02sophisticated equipment. The notion of

14:05advanced technology in ancient Egypt is

14:07controversial. Yet, the evidence

14:09presented by these granite boxes

14:11continues to fuel this debate. Adding to

14:14the mystery is the question of purpose.

14:17While traditionally believed to be

14:18sarcophagi for the sacred apis bulls,

14:21the excessive craftsmanship for mere

14:23burials raises doubts. Could these boxes

14:26have served a more complex function?

14:28Perhaps related to energy manipulation

14:30or another unknown scientific process?

14:36This question remains unanswered and

14:38continues to intrigue modern

14:40researchers. Even transporting these

14:43massive boxes presents an engineering

14:45challenge. The narrow and winding

14:48underground tunnels of the Serapium

14:50would have made moving the 70 ton boxes

14:52an extraordinary feat, requiring

14:54advanced knowledge of engineering or

14:56transportation.

14:58Additionally, there are no visible signs

15:00of torches or burn marks in the tunnels.

15:03How did they light these spaces while

15:05moving such colossal objects?

15:08Despite the many mysteries, mainstream

15:10archaeologists attribute the precision

15:12and craftsmanship of the cerapium boxes

15:15to the skill and patience of ancient

15:17Egyptian stoneworkers.

15:19They argue that over generations, the

15:22Egyptians perfected their techniques,

15:24achieving incredible accuracy [music]

15:26through dedication rather than

15:28technology.

15:30Critics of the advanced technology

15:32theory maintain that there is no

15:34concrete evidence supporting the

15:37existence of machines or sophisticated

15:39tools during the time these boxes were

15:42created.

15:43Yet, as more of these boxes are

15:45discovered throughout Egypt, the

15:47questions multiply across the country.

15:50Similar examples of giant granite boxes

15:52exist, each demonstrating the same level

15:55of craftsmanship and precision. This

15:58suggests the possibility of a forgotten

16:01technology, one far beyond what is

16:05traditionally accepted in the study of

16:06ancient Egypt. One example found in the

16:09Cairo Museum displays an irregular

16:12slanted cut that was likely abandoned

16:14due to an error in the process. But this

16:17mistake tells more than expected. It

16:20reveals the possibility of a highly

16:22advanced cutting method. The cut extends

16:26deep into the granite, an impossible

16:28feat with traditional copper chisels or

16:30saws. The precision hints at the use of

16:33circular saws or similar tools capable

16:35of cutting through granite with speed

16:37and accuracy.

16:40Traditional theories suggest that the

16:41Egyptians used slow copper-based saws to

16:44cut granite. However, modern attempts to

16:47replicate this technique resulted in an

16:49excruciatingly slow cutting rate of only

16:524 mm per hour. At such a pace, it's

16:56implausible that ancient artisans

16:58wouldn't have corrected the significant

17:00deviation seen in the error. The

17:03precision of the cut suggests the use of

17:06advanced machinery far beyond what is

17:08typically attributed to ancient Egypt.

17:10Similar saw marks have been observed on

17:13other granite boxes, some of which are

17:15also displayed at the Cairo Museum.

17:18These marks resemble those made by

17:20modern band saws, but appear to indicate

17:22an even higher operational speed.

17:25Contemporary granite cutting saws rely

17:27on diamond encrusted blades, technology

17:30believed to be far out of reach for the

17:32ancient Egyptians. Yet, the marks

17:34persist, challenging our understanding

17:37of the tools available in that era.

17:40Adding to the intrigue are the perfectly

17:42round tube drill holes found in various

17:45granite artifacts throughout Egypt. The

17:47depth and uniformity of these holes

17:49suggest the use of advanced drills

17:52possibly equipped with diamond tipped

17:54tools. One of the most striking examples

17:57is core 7, a cylindrical piece of

17:59granite discovered near the Great

18:01Pyramids. The continuous spiral groove

18:04on core 7 resembles the groove of a

18:06vinyl record. In fact, modern machinery

18:10that could produce such a result would

18:12require high-speed rotation and diamond

18:15tipped tools. Technologies not

18:17associated with ancient Egypt. Core 7's

18:21spiral grooves suggest a force and

18:23precision greater than modern power

18:25drills, raising the question of whether

18:27the Egyptians or a lost civilization had

18:30access to technology now lost to

18:32history.

18:34Across Egypt, the evidence of these

18:36granite boxes continues to challenge

18:38mainstream views. Could these artifacts

18:41have been created by a lost civilization

18:43with advanced technology? Or are we

18:46simply missing a piece of the puzzle

18:48regarding how the Egyptians worked with

18:50stone? The precision, craftsmanship, and

18:53technology evident in these objects

18:56suggest that they were made with methods

18:58we don't yet understand. The most

19:00extraordinary example of precision

19:02stonework may be the granite box

19:05discovered beneath the pyramid at Lahun.

19:08Within a polished granite chamber lies a

19:10tilted box with four corners so

19:13perfectly aligned that modern

19:15measurement tools reveal almost no

19:17discrepancy. Another similar box was

19:20found at Mustaba 17 buried beneath a

19:22pile of mud bricks. Both examples

19:25display precision that raises questions

19:28about their origin and purpose. Could

19:30these boxes have been repurposed by the

19:32Egyptians who may have inherited them

19:35from a lost civilization?

19:37The mystery of these granite boxes

19:39remains unsolved.

19:41Could they represent the remnants of a

19:43prehistoric civilization with knowledge

19:45far beyond our current understanding?

19:48Perhaps this explains why these objects

19:51were later used by the Egyptians for

19:53seemingly simple purposes like

19:54sarcophagi because they like us today

19:58did not fully understand their true

20:00purpose.

20:03If you enjoyed this video, then prepare

20:05to embark on an extraordinary journey.

20:08Our next adventure takes us to the heart

20:10of Egypt, where we'll unravel the

20:13mystery surrounding an ancient pharaoh

20:15shrouded in legend. [music] This

20:17extraordinary ruler was said to be half

20:20human, reigning for an astonishing

20:22[music]

20:2316,000 years. A feat that defies the

20:26boundaries of [music] modern science.

20:29It's a story filled with intrigue and

20:31enigma.

20:33One that's bound to leave you

20:35questioning [music] the very limits of

20:36our understanding.

20:43Th talks in the emerald tablets about

20:45being able to go into these halls of ai

20:47where he had rejuvenation chambers which

20:49is what I believe is the cereapium in

20:51Sakara.

20:53And he would go into these gigantic

20:55stone boxes [music] and he would then uh

20:57transfer his consciousness from his body

20:59into another body and he would leave the

21:01the body that he left inside of one of

21:03those gigantic boxes, one of those gig

21:05gigantic diorite stone boxes for 100

21:07years while it recharged itself and

21:09rejuvenated while he said he walks

21:11amongst men but unlike a man.

21:15And he would do this for eons. He would

21:16transfer from body to body. Not bodies

21:19he stole, bodies he created that he

21:21didn't created himself through probably

21:23some of the advanced form of stem cell

21:24technology. And he would walk amongst

21:26men but unlike a man. And he was known

21:29all around the planet. And it's an

21:31incredible tablet that talks about the

21:33reigns of kings. Some kings rule for

21:3528,800 years. 14,000 [music]

21:38years. I mean 20,000 if the numbers are

21:40insane.

21:42>> These are not Egyptian. This is

21:44>> this is no not Egyptian. This is These

21:47are Anunnaki.

21:56What if one of humanity's greatest

21:58monuments wasn't what we thought it

21:59[music] was? For over 4,500 years, it

22:03has stood as a silent sentinel in the

22:06Sahara. A monument of [music] such

22:08staggering scale and precision, it

22:11defies explanation. 2 million stones,

22:14[music] some weighing as much as 15

22:17tons, fit together with astonishing

22:20accuracy. But what was its true purpose?

22:24Hidden chambers, secret doors, and

22:27[music] a mysterious void deep within

22:29its core. Did the ancients harness the

22:32Earth's energy in [music] ways we are

22:34only beginning to understand? Join us as

22:38[music] we unlock the secrets of the

22:40Great Pyramid and challenge everything

22:43you thought you [music] knew about the

22:46past.

22:49At the dawn of history, 2 and a half

22:51thousand years before Christ, [music] an

22:54entire civilization gathered to build

22:56the greatest monuments on Earth. 13

22:59million tons of solid rock, enough to

23:01build the city of London, were hauled

23:04across the desert. Why? What vision

23:07drove this?

23:09[music]

23:16What if one of humanity's greatest

23:18monuments wasn't what we thought it was?

23:21As dawn breaks over the Sahara, the

23:23first rays of sunlight strike the

23:25limestone blocks of the Great Pyramid of

23:27Giza, igniting a golden glow that has

23:30captivated observers for over 4,500

23:33years.

23:35We embark on a journey to delve into the

23:37mysteries concealed within this ancient

23:39[music] wonder. Constructed around 2560

23:43B.CE, the Great Pyramid stands as a

23:45monumental testament [music] to the

23:47ingenuity and ambition of the ancient

23:49Egyptians. Traditionally believed to be

23:51the tomb of Pharaoh Kufu. Its sheer

23:54scale is astounding. [music] Over two

23:56million stone blocks, some weighing as

23:59much as 15 tons, assembled with such

24:01precision that even a [music] credit

24:03card cannot slip between them. To put

24:06its size into perspective, the pyramid

24:08[music] covers an area large enough to

24:10house five soccer fields.

24:14Entering the pyramid, we navigate the

24:16descending passage, a narrow corridor

24:19stretching over 100 m, comparable to the

24:22length of a football field. This passage

24:24is less than a meter and a half high,

24:27compelling visitors to stoop as they

24:29proceed into the depths of the

24:30structure. It leads to the subterranean

24:33chamber, an unfinished room beneath the

24:36pyramid's base, roughly the size of a

24:38large twocar garage, but with a ceiling

24:41so low it feels like the earth is

24:44pressing down upon you. The rough,

24:46unadorned walls suggest either an

24:48abandoned project or a deliberate enigma

24:51left by the builders.

24:54Ascending back, we find the ascending

24:56passage. Steep and confined, like

24:59climbing the aisle of a sharply tilted

25:01airplane, this corridor guides us toward

25:04the grand gallery, a breathtaking

25:06passageway as tall as a seven-story

25:08building [music] and half a football

25:10field long. Walking through it feels

25:12akin to standing inside a colossal stone

25:15cathedral, the walls angling inward as

25:18if to draw your gaze upward toward the

25:20heavens.

25:21From the [music] Grand Gallery, a

25:23horizontal passage takes us to the

25:25Queen's Chamber. This room, [music]

25:27similar in size to a spacious master

25:29bedroom with a vated ceiling, holds more

25:32questions than answers. In 1993, a

25:35[music] robotic explorer named Upuat

25:38Saku ventured into the chambers

25:40so-called air shafts, narrow tunnels

25:42[music] no wider than a grapefruit. The

25:45robot discovered a limestone door with

25:47copper handles known as Gantenbrinks

25:50door.

25:51Behind it lay another door and beyond

25:54that uncertainty.

25:56These blocked shafts remain a source of

25:58intrigue with some suggesting they may

26:00conceal hidden chambers or hold symbolic

26:03significance related to ancient Egyptian

26:05beliefs.

26:07Above us looms the king's chamber

26:10constructed entirely of granite rich

26:12[music] in quartz crystals. The chamber

26:14is as imposing as a small banquet hall

26:17yet eerily empty. An unadorned granite

26:20sarcophagus sits silently, devoid of

26:23inscriptions or any signs of a royal

26:25occupant. No mummy or treasure was ever

26:28found here, a fact that continues

26:29[music] to puzzle historians and fuels

26:32speculation about the pyramid's true

26:34purpose. In 2017, using advanced muon

26:38tomography technology, scientists

26:40uncovered the big void, a hidden cavity

26:42the size of a passenger plane's fuselage

26:45nestled above the Grand Gallery. Its

26:48exact purpose remains unknown, and

26:50accessing it could risk damaging the

26:52pyramids.

26:54Firsthand accounts deepen the mystery.

26:58In the early 19th century, explorer

27:00Javanni Batista Cavillia braved the

27:03pyramid's inner passages. He described

27:06the experience as walking into the heart

27:09of an immense mystery, each stone

27:12whispering secrets of a forgotten time.

27:15His explorations though perilous [music]

27:18contributed valuable insights but also

27:20highlighted how much remains

27:22undiscovered.

27:24So why is the great pyramid considered a

27:27tomb [music] where no pharaoh's body was

27:29ever found within?

27:32Traditional archaeology points to its

27:34alignment with morttery temples and

27:36texts that associate pyramids with the

27:38afterlife journey of the pharaohs. The

27:41pyramid complex includes elements

27:43typical of royal tombs, and other

27:45pyramids have indeed been found with

27:47burial chambers containing sarcophagi

27:49anderary [music]

27:50goods.

27:52Yet, some theorists propose alternative

27:55explanations. They suggest that the

27:57pyramid may have served as an

27:59astronomical observatory, a place of

28:01spiritual initiation, or even an ancient

28:04power plant. The latter theory draws

28:07fascinating parallels with the work of

28:09inventor Nicola Tesla, who was

28:10captivated by the pyramidal shape and

28:13its potential to harness and transmit

28:15energy.

28:17Tesla's Warden Cliff Tower was designed

28:19for wireless energy transmission

28:21utilizing the Earth's natural

28:23frequencies, a concept that [music]

28:25mirrors theories about the pyramid's

28:26function. The use of granite in the

28:29king's chamber with its PZO electric

28:31properties due to quartz crystals leads

28:34some to speculate that the pyramid could

28:36[music] generate energy through the

28:37earth's vibrations or the flow of

28:39underground water. A natural aquifer

28:42lies beneath the pyramid. While there's

28:45no concrete evidence linking Tesla's

28:47theories directly to the Great Pyramid,

28:49the similarities are intriguing.

28:52Our

28:54journey ends where it began at the

28:56pyramid's base. [music] But the

28:58questions linger. What if the true

29:01purpose of the great pyramid [music] was

29:03to bridge the earthly and the divine?

29:05Not just in a spiritual sense, but

29:07through harnessing the very forces of

29:09nature. As the shadows lengthen over the

29:12[music] sands, we realize that the

29:14pyramid doesn't just hold history. It

29:17challenges our understanding of it. In

29:20the words of renowned explorer Indiana

29:22Jones, "Archaeology is the search for

29:25fact, not truth." If it's truth you're

29:28interested in, Dr. Tyrese's philosophy

29:30class is right down the hall.

29:34If you found this video captivating,

29:36don't miss our next adventure.

29:38Egyptologists discovered a labyrinth

29:40underground [music] ancient humans could

29:42never build. Prepare to be aruck by an

29:45ancient labyrinth hidden beneath Egypt's

29:47sands, [music] predating even the mighty

29:49pyramids. This discovery could rewrite

29:51history as we know it. Join us as we

29:54delve into this subterranean marvel,

29:56navigating [music] its intricate

29:57passages and unveiling hidden chambers.

30:00Explore the secrets of its construction,

30:02decipher its purpose, and uncover its

30:04connection to the [music] enigmatic Hara

30:06pyramid. Experts believe this labyrinth

30:09holds clues to ancient rituals [music]

30:11and showcases the advanced engineering

30:13prowess of a preeronic civilization.

30:16Could this be the fabled labyrinth

30:18[music] of Egypt? Get ready to be amazed

30:20as we unravel this ancient enigma and

30:22its profound implications for

30:24understanding the rich tapestry of

30:26Egyptian history. Click now to embark on

30:29this extraordinary journey.

30:31>> For people that haven't heard of the

30:32labyrinth, it it was one of the ancient

30:34wonders of the world. Like this was

30:36described by Herodotus and Plenny the

30:38Elder and Strao and and and all these

30:41historical figures that saw it.

30:42Herodotus described it as exceeding in

30:45splendor and wonder that of the pyramids

30:49like this. This was a tre the labyrinth

30:51was this sort of thousand room structure

30:54that was supposedly just absolutely

30:56magnificent. You could have fit all of

30:57the temples of Carak and Luxor and all

30:59of the temples of Egypt into its

31:00footprint.

31:03that was just lost to the sands of time.

31:07And we've never known where it is or

31:08what it is. And it would be like a like

31:10a pyramid. It would rival the Great

31:12Pyramid for sure if if we uh were to

31:14find it. But turns out we found it.

31:19>> You're looking at the limestone interior

31:22of the Abu Ruash pyramid. And this is

31:27the core.

31:29And we can descend into the [music] core

31:32in this unique structure

31:35unlike the other pyramids. Oh my god.

31:38What's this?

31:40Wow.

31:44Very deep

31:46pit.

31:50That that looks to me like a boat pit.

31:54>> No way. Look at these line. Look at

31:55these striations.

31:56>> Look at these striations. And also the

31:58higher parts and the lower parts shows

31:59that it's it was not all cut at once.

32:01>> Exactly.

32:02>> It was like

32:03>> especially here. This

32:04>> here and here.

32:05>> Exactly.

32:06>> Yeah. Here and there. [music]

32:07>> Exactly. See where the blade came back.

32:09>> And we are talking about red [music]

32:12granite from Aswan.

32:14How did they bring it up here? We are

32:16here in a in a mountainous region.

32:19The Giza Plateau is one of the most

32:22iconic and mysterious ancient sites on

32:24Earth. Home to the Great Pyramid, the

32:27Sphinx, and numerous other relics of

32:29antiquity, it has captured the

32:31imaginations of explorers, historians,

32:34and enthusiasts for centuries.

32:37While many can easily picture the

32:39grandeur of these structures, few

32:41realize that these monuments are still

32:43steeped in [music] mystery. Despite

32:45centuries of study, questions remain

32:47unanswered about who built them, and

32:49more intriguingly, why. Just 5 mi to the

32:53southwest of Giza within the lesserknown

32:55necropolis of Zoyet Elaran lies a site

32:58that may hold the key to solving some of

33:00Egypt's greatest mysteries. In May 1900,

33:04Italian architect and Egyptologist

33:06Alessandro Basanti was researching the

33:09Leia pyramid at Zetel Arian. Having

33:12previously discovered the tomb of

33:14Akenatan, Basanti had earned a respected

33:16reputation in his field. However, the

33:19Leia pyramid disappointed him. It was

33:22crumbling, incomplete, and devoid of

33:25artifacts.

33:27Like other Egyptologists before him,

33:29Vasanti concluded the pyramid had been

33:31abandoned due to the death of the king

33:33who commissioned it. Discouraged,

33:35Basanti began his return journey to

33:37Giza. But he took an alternative route

33:39along an upper plateau, offering

33:41sweeping views of the landscape. It was

33:44here that he noticed something unusual.

33:47scattered granite fragments and fine

33:50granite powder, evidence of stone

33:52cutting. Basanti immediately suspected

33:55this was where ancient workers had

33:56prepared stone for a hidden tomb.

33:59Intrigued, Basanti returned to Giza and

34:02assembled a team to explore the site.

34:04Within 2 days of excavation, his

34:07intuition proved correct. Beneath the

34:10sand, Basanti uncovered the entrance to

34:12an enormous limestone pit. To his

34:15surprise, the pit was filled with large

34:18limestone blocks, each weighing several

34:21tons, seemingly thrown in without care,

34:24suggesting a deliberate attempt to

34:26conceal what lay below. On December 8th,

34:29at a depth of 21 m, the team uncovered a

34:32significant find. A large pink granite

34:35block. Granite was not only more

34:37valuable than limestone, but also harder

34:40to work with, reserved for only the most

34:42important structures. This discovery

34:44convinced Basanti that they had found

34:46something special. As excavation

34:48continued, more pink granite blocks were

34:51revealed, suggesting a massive

34:52subterranean structure. By February 195,

34:57Basanti and his team uncovered a 30 ton

35:00granite block that seemed to mark the

35:02bottom of the pit. Basanti believed this

35:05was the entrance to a subterranean

35:07world, potentially filled with tombs and

35:09treasures. Complicating the mystery, his

35:12team also found inscriptions carved into

35:14the stones. Despite sending sketches to

35:17Egyptologists in Giza and Cairo, no one

35:20could agree on their meaning or origin.

35:22This deepened Basanti's conviction that

35:25something extraordinary was hidden

35:26below. Basanti used machinery to move

35:29the granite blocks, but they were

35:31interlocked like puzzle pieces. Digging

35:34further, Basanti made his most

35:36astonishing discovery yet. an

35:38oval-shaped vat carved from pink

35:41granite, polished to a mirror-like

35:43finish. It had been carefully sealed

35:46with layers of lime and [music] clay.

35:49When the team removed the lid, they

35:51found no treasure, only a thin black

35:53residue along the walls. Basanti

35:56hypothesized that the vat once contained

35:59a liquid offering that had evaporated

36:01over time. Despite the disappointment,

36:03Basanti believed the mysterious vat held

36:06great significance.

36:08Why had the builders gone to such

36:10lengths to protect it? Determined to

36:12solve the puzzle, Basanti continued his

36:14excavation, uncovering a massive

36:17cork-like granite block, sealing off

36:19what he believed were hidden chambers

36:20below. Word of Basanti's discoveries

36:23spread, but many of his colleagues

36:25remained skeptical. They insisted the

36:28pit was merely the foundation of an

36:29unfinished pyramid. However, Basanti

36:32pressed on, and two events seemed to

36:35support his theory. First, his team

36:37uncovered a well-finished staircase at

36:39the pit's northern end, too refined for

36:42laborers, as if it led to ceremonial

36:45chambers. Then, a torrential rainstorm

36:48flooded the pit, only for the water

36:50level to drop suddenly, as if it had

36:52seeped into a hidden chamber below.

36:55Despite mounting obstacles, including

36:56the complex interlocking granite blocks

36:58and dwindling funds, Basanti continued

37:01his work. By 196, however, he ran out of

37:05money and had to stop the excavation. He

37:08spent years searching for new funding

37:10and finally secured it in 1911. Yet,

37:13even with renewed efforts, the work

37:15proved too difficult. And once again,

37:18Baranti was forced to abandon the

37:20project before uncovering what lay

37:22beneath the pit. He died in 1917,

37:26leaving the mystery unresolved.

37:28Basanti's work sparked a lingering

37:30curiosity about Zoet Elaran, but the

37:33site laid dormant for decades after his

37:36death. In the 1950s, it briefly

37:39resurfaced as the set for the movie The

37:41Land of the Pharaohs, but it was soon

37:43forgotten again. Basanti's notes

37:46eventually caught the attention of

37:48Italian scholars Vito Marajio and

37:51Celeste Raldi, who set out to continue

37:54his work in the 1960s. However, their

37:57efforts were cut short when in 1964, the

38:00Egyptian government restricted access to

38:03Zoat Eleran, designating it as a

38:06military base. This abrupt restriction

38:08of access raised suspicions.

38:12Why was the government blocking off this

38:13site just as interest in it was

38:15reviving?

38:17To this day, many Egyptologists assert

38:21there is no mystery at Zoat Elaran,

38:24claiming the pit is simply the

38:25foundation of an unfinished pyramid.

38:28Yet, Basanti, who studied Egypt's

38:31ancient wonders for decades, was adamant

38:34that this was no ordinary pyramid

38:36foundation. If the pit was just a

38:38foundation, why go to such lengths to

38:40construct a floor made of interlocking

38:42granite blocks held together by strong

38:45mortar [music] and designed to be nearly

38:47impossible to move? Furthermore, why use

38:51valuable pink [music] granite which had

38:53to be transported from a swan nearly 600

38:56m away if the structure was to be buried

38:59under a pyramid? Limestone, far easier

39:02to source and work with, would have

39:04sufficed. Then there was the mystery of

39:07the inscriptions Basanti found at the

39:09site. Scholars to this day remain

39:11divided on their meaning. And what about

39:14the finely crafted oval vat?

39:17If this was a pyramid foundation, why go

39:20to such great lengths to intricately

39:22carve this vat, polish it, and seal it

39:24with lime and clay? In recent years, a

39:27new theory has emerged connecting the

39:29mystery of Zoet Elaran to the Great

39:32Pyramid of Giza. For centuries, the

39:35Great Pyramid has puzzled historians.

39:37Conventional wisdom holds that it was

39:39built as a tomb for Pharaoh Kufu, but no

39:42human remains, treasures, or artifacts

39:45have ever been found inside, leading

39:48many to question this explanation.

39:51In the 1960s, Edward Kungl proposed a

39:54radical theory. The Great Pyramid was

39:57not a tomb, but a massive water pump

40:00designed to irrigate the desert. Kungl

40:03argued that the pyramid's internal

40:04chambers and passages functioned as part

40:07of a hydraulic system. His theory was

40:10met with skepticism, but some engineers

40:13saw merit in the idea. They pointed out

40:16that a ram pump, which uses gravity to

40:19move water, could have worked on the

40:21scale Kungl proposed. By the 1990s,

40:24marine engineer John Cadman took Kungl's

40:26theory further.

40:28He studied the pyramid's subterranean

40:30chamber and found signs of water damage.

40:33Cadman built a scale model of the

40:35pyramid's [music] subterranean chamber

40:37and confirmed that it could function as

40:39a water pump. His experiments led to an

40:42unexpected discovery. The pyramid

40:44generated powerful compression waves,

40:47pulses that could create electricity.

40:50This raised a startling question. Could

40:52the ancient Egyptians have used the

40:54Great Pyramid to generate electricity?

40:58Cadman's research suggested it was

41:00possible. The pyramid's outer casing of

41:03insulating white limestone, its granite

41:06interior, and its gold capstone all

41:08pointed to a design capable of

41:10generating and harnessing electrical

41:12energy. With this new perspective,

41:15researchers revisited the mystery of

41:17Zawatel Arian. Could the pit have been

41:20part of an ancient electrical system

41:22connected to the Great Pyramid?

41:24Some believe the oval vat may have

41:26played a key role in this system with

41:29the black residue providing evidence of

41:32a longlost process for generating

41:34electricity.

41:36Perhaps this is why the Egyptian

41:38government sealed off Zoyat Elaran in

41:41the 1960s. What secrets lie beneath the

41:45pit? Could it hold proof of an ancient

41:49civilization's advanced technology? As

41:52research continues, we may one day

41:54uncover the truth about an ancient Egypt

41:57far more advanced than we ever imagined.

42:00If you are captivated by this video's

42:02journey, prepare to be transported once

42:05more. Our next video unveils the enigma

42:08of the forgotten pyramids of Mero, a

42:10hidden world of ancient wonders waiting

42:13to be rediscovered.

42:14>> I mean, it's just crazy. We've talked

42:16about, you know, alternative theories to

42:18how it was how the pyramids were built.

42:20Yeah, I'm willing to accept that the

42:22Great Pyramid was largely completed by

42:25the ancient Egyptians.

42:28But remember that the ancient Egyptians

42:30tell us in many of their texts that

42:33everything they knew was a legacy.

42:37>> It was all an inheritance of the gods. I

42:40don't construe the gods as aliens.

42:42Here

42:44we are at the Assyrian, possibly one of

42:47the most impressive sites in Egypt,

42:50possibly the world. This is officially

42:54dated to the time of Seti the first,

42:56which would have been completely roofed

42:58over, you know, thousands [snorts] of

42:59tons of stone in this whole

43:02construction. And it really is something

43:04to behold.

43:20Hidden deep in the desert sands of

43:22Abidos, approximately 350 mi south of

43:25the Great Pyramid of Giza, stands the

43:27Oyriion, a monumental structure shrouded

43:30in mystery. Its origins, purpose, and

43:33design have baffled archaeologists and

43:36researchers for decades. Unlike the

43:39well-known temples of ancient Egypt, the

43:41Oyrian defies traditional fionic

43:44architectural norms, leading some to

43:46believe it could be the product of a

43:48much older, technologically advanced

43:50civilization. Could this ancient

43:52structure hold the key to a forgotten

43:54chapter of human history? The first

43:57puzzle presented by the Osiran lies in

44:00its striking architectural divergence

44:02from typical Egyptian temples.

44:05While most temples of the Ferionic era

44:08adhere to a linear rectangular layout,

44:11the Osirian's design breaks the mold

44:13with its unique L-shaped configuration.

44:17This anomaly alone raises critical

44:19questions about the intentions behind

44:21its construction. Was it built for a

44:24different purpose than Egypt's standard

44:26religious edififices? Or does it reflect

44:28the architectural style of an unknown,

44:30perhaps much older culture? Adding to

44:34the mystery is the Osirian's

44:35relationship with the nearby temple of

44:38Seti Praus built during the 19th

44:40dynasty. Archaeological evidence

44:43suggests that the Osiran predates the

44:45temple of Seti Ras by centuries if not

44:48millennia, implying that the site held

44:51significant importance long before the

44:53reign of Seti. This ancient structure

44:56was already in place when Seti chose to

44:59build his temple beside it as though

45:01honoring an ancient relic from a bygone

45:04era. What made the Oyion so significant

45:07and why did it attract the attention of

45:09the Egyptian kings?

45:12The sheer scale of the Osiran is all

45:14inspiring. The core of the structure is

45:16composed of massive rose granite blocks,

45:19some of which weigh an astonishing 100

45:21tons. These immense stones were quarried

45:24from Aswan, located over 200 m to the

45:27south. A logistical challenge that seems

45:30insurmountable given the tools and

45:32technology traditionally attributed to

45:34the Egyptians of the time. Moving these

45:36massive blocks across hundreds of miles

45:38of desert, and then precisely

45:41positioning them in a desert location

45:43far from the Nile is a feat that defies

45:45explanation. Without evidence of

45:48advanced machinery, how were these

45:50massive stones transported and assembled

45:52with such precision? The Osiran's

45:55architecture, featuring a sophisticated

45:57double-layered roofing system and

45:59interlocking wedges, suggests a level of

46:01engineering knowledge far beyond what

46:04ancient Egypt is known to have

46:06possessed. The use of granite, a hard

46:09and unforgiving material, only adds to

46:11the mystery. Working with granite

46:14requires advanced tools and knowledge,

46:16skills that according to historical

46:18records, the Egyptians had not yet

46:21developed during the early dynastic

46:22periods.

46:24Another striking feature of the Assyrian

46:26is its complete lack of Egyptian

46:28hieroglyphs or artwork. In contrast to

46:32nearly every other Egyptian temple or

46:34monument which are richly decorated with

46:36carvings, inscriptions, and

46:38illustrations, the Assyrian is eerily

46:41bare. Throughout Egypt's history,

46:43temples were frequently renovated with

46:45each generation adding new inscriptions

46:47and artwork. Even more unusual is the

46:50Oyrian's subterranean layout, which is

46:53highly uncharacteristic of Egyptian

46:55temple architecture. The entire

46:57structure lies 15 ft below ground level,

47:01leading some researchers to propose that

47:03the temple could be far older than its

47:05surrounding counterparts. The idea that

47:07it predates the buildup of sand and soil

47:10that has accumulated over millennia

47:12suggests a timeline stretching back to

47:14an era before the sands of Egypt's

47:16desert even existed in their current

47:18form.

47:20Water erosion patterns found on the

47:22limestone enclosure surrounding the

47:24Oyrian add yet another layer to the

47:26mystery. Some researchers argue that

47:29these erosion marks could only have been

47:31caused by a much wetter climate,

47:33possibly dating the structure back to

47:35the end of the last ice age when the

47:37region experienced more rainfall.

47:41If true, this would place the Oyrian's

47:43construction over 10,000 years ago, far

47:46earlier than the dynastic Egyptian

47:48civilization.

47:50Perhaps the most intriguing feature of

47:52the Oyerion is the presence of water

47:55within the structure itself. Modern

47:58seismic technology has revealed that the

48:00visible portion of the Oyerion is only

48:02the uppermost part of a much larger

48:04complex, which extends at least 50 ft

48:07below the current floor level. Beneath

48:10the surface, seismic [music] tests have

48:12indicated the presence of hollow

48:13chambers which have yet to be explored

48:16due to the water that continually fills

48:18the site. Despite multiple attempts,

48:21archaeologists have been unable to drain

48:23the water, which seems to replenish at

48:25an alarming rate. The source of this

48:28water remains unknown, and its

48:30continuous flow presents a baffling

48:32enigma.

48:35Some researchers suggest that the

48:37Oyeran's complex hydraulic system, which

48:40includes channels, basins, and possibly

48:43slooes, was designed to control and

48:45manipulate water flow within the

48:47structure. The precision of these

48:49features points to an advanced

48:51understanding of hydraulic engineering,

48:54something not typically associated with

48:56ancient Egyptian technology. While the

48:59Egyptians were known for their use of

49:01irrigation canals and basins for

49:03agriculture, the Osirian's water

49:05management techniques are far more

49:07sophisticated.

49:09The mysteries of the Osiran continue to

49:11deepen as researchers attempt to unlock

49:14its secrets. The constant replenishment

49:16of water within the structure defies

49:19explanation.

49:20James Westerman, a renowned

49:22archaeologist and historian, has [music]

49:24spent decades studying the Osiran. His

49:27efforts to pump out the water from the

49:29structure have been met with

49:31frustration. Even with a pump capable of

49:34removing 500 gallons of water per

49:36minute, the water level continues to

49:38rise, seemingly replenishing itself

49:40faster than it can be removed.

49:43Westerman's words capture the perplexity

49:46of the situation. Water is emerging from

49:49inside the structure. This shouldn't be

49:51happening, especially in the desert.

49:54Something strange is going on here.

49:57In 2023, Westerman's team employed

50:00advanced technology to analyze the water

50:02within the Osiran, measuring its

50:04pressure, temperature, conductivity, and

50:07chemical composition. The results were

50:10astounding. The water in the Osiran was

50:13found to have a unique chemical profile

50:16different from the surrounding wells and

50:17aquifers in the area.

50:21Westerman's research suggested that the

50:23water was being forced up through the

50:25structure, almost as though it were

50:27being propelled by some unknown force.

50:30The water's chemical composition and

50:32isotopic profile indicated that it did

50:35not originate from the nearby Nile River

50:37or local aquifers. Where then is this

50:40water coming from? The Osiran's water

50:43behaves more like that of a geyser, but

50:45without the typical signs of volcanic

50:47activity. Is there an underground spring

50:50or reservoir beneath the structure? Or

50:52could the water be flowing from a deeper

50:54as yet undiscovered source? One of the

50:58most intriguing aspects of the water is

51:00its unique properties. Westerman

51:03conducted hydraologic studies and found

51:05that the water within the Osiran was

51:07drinkable after filtration.

51:10Over time, Westerman began drinking the

51:13water regularly and he noticed something

51:15extraordinary. [music] His eyesight

51:17began to improve. A lifelong sufferer of

51:20nearsightedness, Westerman eventually no

51:23longer needed glasses, a fact that was

51:25confirmed by an eye test. Could the

51:28water from the Osiran possess healing

51:30properties? Westerman believes so and

51:33continues to drink the water,

51:34attributing his improved vision to its

51:36mysterious qualities. Yet another

51:39anomaly is the temperature of the water.

51:42The water outside the Assyrian measures

51:45a consistent 16.9°

51:47C, but the water inside the structure is

51:51significantly warmer, measuring 23.8°

51:54C.

51:56This temperature difference defies the

51:58second law of thermodynamics, which

52:01states that heat cannot spontaneously

52:03transfer from a cooler to a warmer body.

52:06Something within the Osiran is heating

52:08the water, but no one knows what it is

52:10or how it is happening. As researchers

52:13continue to study the Osiran, its true

52:16scale and purpose remain elusive. What

52:19is visible today may only be the tip of

52:21the iceberg. The structure extends far

52:24beneath the surface with hidden chambers

52:26still unexplored due to the constant

52:28flow of water. Could these underground

52:31chambers hold more secrets about the

52:33origins of the Assyrian and its

52:35builders? As we probe deeper into the

52:38Assyrian's mysteries, we are left with

52:40more questions than answers. One thing

52:43is certain, this ancient structure is

52:45far older and more complex than we ever

52:48imagined, and it may hold the key to

52:50understanding a lost chapter of human

52:52history.

52:54If you were captivated by today's video,

52:57then you're absolutely going to love our

52:59next adventure. We're diving even deeper

53:02into the mysteries of ancient Egypt with

53:04Egyptologists discovered an ancient

53:06tunnel revealing tombs and something

53:09you'd never expect.

53:11Beneath Giza's sands, a groundbreaking

53:14discovery rewrites ancient Egyptian

53:16history. Egyptologists unearthed the

53:19water-filled tunnel, the Osiris shaft

53:22predating the pyramids. What secrets

53:25does this ancient passage hold? What

53:28unexpected wonders lie within?

53:31There's something called the Osiris

53:33shaft, which is located directly under

53:35the causeway between the Sphinx and the

53:37Second Pyramid. [music]

53:38It goes about 100 ft underground. It's

53:40carved out of the limestone bedrock.

53:42It's the creepiest place I've ever been

53:43in my life. It's disturbing. [music]

53:46It was three different shafts and you go

53:48down and here's where it gets this is

53:50the crazy part when you get to the third

53:52level which is completely dark and

53:54freaky. There was a side tunnel. Zahi

53:57was himself there was a documentary went

53:59down there and he showed he's standing

54:01in front of this tunnel that went

54:03sideways and he says it's yet to be

54:05explored and we I don't know what's down

54:08there [music] but Joe they've since

54:09sealed it up. It's like cinder blocks.

54:11He sealed it up.

54:11>> What?

54:12>> Yes. There are things that have gone

54:14underground in Egypt that for whatever

54:17reason, Joe, it's just off [music]

54:18limits to the public.

54:27>> [music]

54:29>> So this, if it were true, and it is

54:31true, would put [music] the Sphinx back

54:33to a much earlier period, which would

54:35tie in with Schwaller's work and John

54:37Anthony Wes's subsequent work, that

54:41there were indications that dynastic

54:44Egypt as we know it, going back to about

54:473000 BC,

54:49was really a legacy of what I call now

54:52an earlier cycle of civilized ization.

54:58>> Robert M. [music] Shock, a geologist

54:59with a PhD from Yale University, came up

55:02with a fascinating idea in the 1990s

55:05[music] about the age of the Great

55:06Sphinx of Giza. He noticed something

55:09interesting about the erosion patterns

55:10on the Sphinx and the surrounding area.

55:12Unlike the typical wind and sand erosion

55:14you'd expect in [music] Egypt's deserts,

55:17these patterns looked more like they

55:18were caused by water. This was a big

55:21deal because it suggested that the

55:22Sphinx might be much older than we

55:24thought. Now, Graeme Hancock, a

55:26well-known [music] British author who

55:27loves digging into ancient mysteries,

55:29found Shocks theory really interesting

55:32and started supporting it.

55:34>> Since the early 1990s, question marks

55:36have been raised over the age of the

55:38great Sphinx of Giza in [music] Egypt.

55:40Egyptologists think it's about 4,500

55:43years old, although there's not a shred

55:45of inscription evidence to support

55:47[music] the state. Independent

55:48researcher John Anthony West and Robert

55:50Shock, professor of geology at Boston

55:52University, have made a case that the

55:54Sphinx must be much older than that.

55:56>> Hancock is known for questioning [music]

55:58the usual stories we hear about

56:00historical and archaeological sites.

56:02Shock's theory caught his eye because it

56:04suggested that the Sphinx was around

56:06during a time when Egypt had a lot of

56:08rain, which was way back [music] around

56:108,000 to 10,000 B.CE. This idea of heavy

56:14rainfall leading to the erosion we see

56:16on [music] the Sphinx today is really

56:17cool but also quite controversial. You

56:20see, traditionally archaeologists have

56:22[music] dated the Sphinx to around 2500

56:24B.CE during Pharaoh Cafri's time. They

56:27base this on [music] where the Sphinx is

56:29located in the Giza pyramid complex and

56:31how it looks compared to other stuff

56:33from that period. But if Shock is

56:35[music] right and the Sphinx was

56:36actually built when it was much wetter

56:38in Egypt, then it could be thousands of

56:40years older than we thought. maybe even

56:42dating [music] back to the Neolithic

56:44era. That's a pretty big shakeup in how

56:46we think about ancient Egyptian history.

56:48>> To put it bluntly, the Sphinx did not

56:52originate with Kafra in the fourth

56:55dynasty and really the beginning of my

56:59serious work and career looking at

57:01ancient civilizations. Instead of the

57:03typical wear and tear you'd expect from

57:05[music] wind and sand in a desert, the

57:07Sphinx had features like deep cracks,

57:10wavy lines [music] on its limestone

57:12walls, and smooth rounded edges. These

57:15are the kinds of things [music] you

57:16usually see with water erosion, not wind

57:19or sand. Now, the Sphinx is made out of

57:21limestone, which is pretty easy for

57:23water to wear down. And what's

57:25interesting is that this limestone is

57:27made up of different layers, [music]

57:29some harder than others. Shock saw that

57:31the water erosion affected these layers

57:33[music] in a way that you wouldn't

57:34really see if it was just wind and sand

57:36doing the damage. But here's where it

57:39gets [music] even more intriguing.

57:41Shock looked at the climate history of

57:43the Sahara Desert and the Giza area and

57:45found out that [music] way back between

57:4710,000 and 5,000 B.CE, this place wasn't

57:50the dry desert [music] we know today. It

57:53was actually pretty wet thanks to

57:55something called the Neolithic

57:56subpluvial phase. We know there were

57:59ultra hyperarid Sahara conditions on the

58:03Giza plateau for the last 5,000 or so

58:07years. And this ties in with the origins

58:09of civilization according to the

58:11standard story, which is that

58:13civilization began between 4,000 30,000

58:18B.CE.

58:18>> This was a time when there was a lot

58:20more rain. So Shock thinks that this

58:22rainy period might have caused the kind

58:24of water erosion we see on the Sphinx,

58:26suggesting it's much older than we

58:28thought, maybe even dating back to these

58:30wetter [music] times. This goes against

58:32the usual dating of the Sphinx to around

58:342500 B.CE during Pharaoh Cafriy's reign

58:38based on its style and where it's

58:40[music] located in the Giza pyramid

58:41complex. Shock's idea definitely shakes

58:44things up in [music] terms of how we

58:45think about the Sphinx's age. So, Robert

58:48Shock didn't just look at the Sphinx in

58:49isolation when he was thinking about

58:51this whole water erosion idea. He

58:54actually compared the wear and tear on

58:56the Sphinx with other ancient limestone

58:58sites that [music] had been exposed to a

58:59lot of rain. This was his way of

59:01checking if what he saw on the Sphinx

59:03matched [music] up with known patterns

59:04of water erosion elsewhere. It's like

59:07looking at different worn out jeans to

59:09figure out [music] if they got ripped

59:10from climbing trees or just from washing

59:12them a lot. He found sites with a clear

59:14historical background where they knew

59:16for [music] sure that rain had done its

59:18thing over the years. When he looked at

59:20these places, he noticed that the

59:22erosion patterns were quite similar to

59:23what he was seeing on [music] the

59:24Sphinx. This kind of bolstered his

59:27argument that the erosion on the Sphinx

59:29could really be from water, not just

59:31wind or sand.

59:32>> You look at the evidence, and that's

59:34really where I was coming from. But my

59:36point is that even in the late 1980s,

59:40early 1990s when I first got involved

59:42with this, if I looked at it critically,

59:44the evidence was not that definitive for

59:48the age of the Sphinx.

59:49>> Shock's approach was pretty

59:50comprehensive. He wasn't just [music] a

59:52geologist looking at rocks. He was also

59:55considering the weather patterns from

59:56thousands of years ago and what

59:58archaeologists [music] were saying about

1:00:00these ancient sites. It's like he was

1:00:02piecing together a big jigsaw puzzle

1:00:04from different fields of study. But of

1:00:06course, there are [music] always

1:00:07different sides to a story. Some critics

1:00:10pointed out that the erosion could be

1:00:11due to other natural processes unique to

1:00:14the Giza area, like fluctuations [music]

1:00:16in groundwater, or the way certain

1:00:18chemicals in the air might wear down the

1:00:20rock. And then there's [music] the whole

1:00:21thing about what archaeologists have

1:00:23found around the Sphinx, like artifacts

1:00:26and writings that suggest it was built

1:00:27around 2500 B.CE. [music]

1:00:30during pharaoh cafer's time. This kind

1:00:32of goes against shock's idea that the

1:00:34Sphinx is way older because of the water

1:00:36erosion. So, it's [music] a bit of a

1:00:38puzzle with some pieces still missing.

1:00:40Graham Hancock has this really

1:00:42intriguing idea about an ancient [music]

1:00:44civilization that he thinks existed way

1:00:46before the ones we usually learn about

1:00:48in history books like the Egyptians,

1:00:50[music]

1:00:51Sumerianss, and the Indis Valley folks.

1:00:53He reckons this civilization was around

1:00:55[music] many, many millennia earlier and

1:00:58that it might have been wiped out by a

1:01:00huge comet impact around 10,000 B.CE.

1:01:03Imagine that a whole advanced [music]

1:01:05society just gone in the blink of an

1:01:07eye, leaving only bits and pieces

1:01:08behind. And here's where it gets even

1:01:11more interesting. [music] Hanok thinks

1:01:13this civilization wasn't just hanging

1:01:14out in one spot. It was all over the

1:01:17place, having a global influence. He

1:01:19suggests that after whatever disaster

1:01:21hit [music] them, the survivors might

1:01:22have traveled far and wide, sharing

1:01:24their knowledge and helping kickstart

1:01:26other ancient cultures. Hancock dives

1:01:29into myths and oral [music] traditions

1:01:30from all over the world, too. He's not

1:01:33just dismissing these stories as old

1:01:35wives tales, but considering them as

1:01:37potential historical records. For

1:01:39example, he's really interested in the

1:01:40flood myths that pop up in different

1:01:42cultures. He thinks these [music] might

1:01:44be a collective memory of a real event

1:01:46that had a huge impact on this lost

1:01:48civilization.

1:01:49>> The best explanation is that floods of

1:01:52icy meltwater released by the heat and

1:01:54kinetic energy of the impacts flowed off

1:01:56the North American ice cap and into the

1:01:58Atlantic Ocean where [music] they

1:02:00interrupted the Gulf Stream, a key

1:02:02element of the central heating system of

1:02:04our planet. Hence the sudden and

1:02:06dramatic cooling.

1:02:08>> Now Hancock [music] is big on astronomy.

1:02:10He points to how some ancient structures

1:02:12like the Giza pyramids [music] and the

1:02:14Sphinx line up with certain stars and

1:02:16constellations. He thinks this isn't

1:02:18just a coincidence, [music] but a sign

1:02:20of advanced astronomical knowledge. He's

1:02:22also into the idea that these ancient

1:02:24folks understood the [music] procession

1:02:25of the equinoxes. That's a fancy term

1:02:28for a slow shift in Earth's rotation

1:02:30over a 2600year [music]

1:02:32cycle. If he's right, it means they were

1:02:34way ahead of their time in understanding

1:02:35[music] the cosmos. Graham Hancock has

1:02:38this captivating theory about ancient

1:02:40civilizations and [music] their

1:02:41architectural wonders. He's really into

1:02:43how these old structures like the

1:02:45pyramids in Egypt, [music] Stonehenge,

1:02:47and those incredible megalithic sites in

1:02:49South America show off some serious

1:02:51engineering and architectural skills.

1:02:53[music] Hancock reckons that to build

1:02:55these things with such precision and

1:02:57detail, those ancient folks must have

1:02:59had some advanced [music] knowledge and

1:03:00technology that we don't usually give

1:03:02them credit for. Take for instance the

1:03:04way the stones are [music] cut at

1:03:05Pumapunku in Bolivia. Hancock points out

1:03:08that the cuts are so precise. It's as if

1:03:10they had access to some [music] really

1:03:12advanced tools. And when it comes to

1:03:14building massive structures, he's all

1:03:16about the techniques they must have

1:03:17used. He's amazed at how accurately

1:03:19these huge stones were fitted together,

1:03:21often without any [music] mortar, and

1:03:23wonders how on earth they moved and

1:03:24positioned stones that weigh several

1:03:26tons. This isn't just your everyday

1:03:28[music] heavy lifting. We're talking

1:03:30about some serious knowhow in

1:03:32engineering and possibly some clever

1:03:34uses of leverage and pulley [music]

1:03:35systems. Now, he doesn't stop there.

1:03:38He's also fascinated by the mathematical

1:03:40[music] and geometrical knowledge that

1:03:41these structures reveal. He talks about

1:03:44the use of the golden ratio pi and

1:03:46precise angular [music] measurements

1:03:48which shows a sophisticated

1:03:49understanding of math and geometry. Like

1:03:52take the [music] great pyramid of Kufu.

1:03:54its alignment, the way its base is

1:03:56perfectly level, and the precise [music]

1:03:58angles of its sides. Hanok sees this as

1:04:01evidence of a much more advanced

1:04:02understanding of geometry and

1:04:04engineering than we might think. Then

1:04:06there are the monumental [music]

1:04:07buildings in Meso America, such as the

1:04:09pyramid of the sun at Teotiwakan and the

1:04:11Mayan pyramids. Hancock highlights their

1:04:13architectural sophistication, urban

1:04:15planning, and the use of large stone

1:04:18blocks. All of this to him points to a

1:04:20[music] level of technological

1:04:21proficiency and knowledge that goes way

1:04:24beyond what we've traditionally thought

1:04:25was possible for these ancient cultures.

1:04:28In a nutshell, [music]

1:04:29Hancock is looking at these ancient

1:04:31structures and saying, "Hey, there's

1:04:33more to the story here. He's suggesting

1:04:36that these civilizations had a [music]

1:04:37depth of knowledge and skill in

1:04:39construction, engineering, and

1:04:41mathematics that challenges our

1:04:43conventional understanding of ancient

1:04:45history.

1:04:46>> It wasn't something the Maya made up.

1:04:48Theme use that same symbolism. So the

1:04:51Mayan calendar is actually an Almech

1:04:53calendar. And if we then consider the

1:04:55possibility that themes may just be the

1:04:57latest the the earliest surviving

1:04:59manifestation of that calendar, it could

1:05:01go back.

1:05:01>> Then [music] there's Teot Wakan in

1:05:03Mexico. Hancock looks at the layout of

1:05:05this ancient city and sees a kind of

1:05:07mirror image [music] of our solar

1:05:08systems planetary orbits. To him, this

1:05:11suggests that the people who built

1:05:12Teotiwakan had a pretty [music] detailed

1:05:14knowledge of astronomy and space.

1:05:17Stonehenge in England is another

1:05:18example. Hanok thinks [music] it was

1:05:20used as an astronomical observatory

1:05:22because of how it aligns with the

1:05:24solstesses. He sees this as further

1:05:26evidence that ancient [music] people

1:05:28understood celestial movements really

1:05:30well. And let's not forget about the

1:05:32pyramid of Kakulkan at Chichon its

1:05:34during the equinoxes. This pyramid

1:05:36[music] casts a shadow that looks like a

1:05:38serpent. Hancock sees this as a

1:05:40sophisticated way of tracking [music]

1:05:42the sun's path. Again, showing an

1:05:44advanced understanding of astronomy.

1:05:46Hancock also [music] dives into the idea

1:05:48of procession, which is this slow wobble

1:05:50in Earth's rotation that takes [music]

1:05:52about 26,000 years to go full circle. He

1:05:56looks at how the Giza pyramids align

1:05:57with Orion's belt, and how the Sphinx

1:06:00[music] lines up with the Leo

1:06:01constellation during what's known as the

1:06:03Age of Leo around 10,500 [music]

1:06:06B.CE.

1:06:07He thinks these alignments aren't

1:06:09random, but deliberate, showing that the

1:06:11people back then understood [music] this

1:06:13complex astronomical phenomenon. So, in

1:06:15a nutshell, Hancock is really into the

1:06:18idea that ancient structures around the

1:06:20world [music] weren't just built for the

1:06:22heck of it. He believes they were

1:06:24deliberately aligned with stars, [music]

1:06:25constellations, and celestial events,

1:06:28showing that ancient civilizations had a

1:06:30much deeper understanding of astronomy

1:06:32than we usually give them credit for.

1:06:34That huge areas of the world that have

1:06:35never been looked at by archaeology at

1:06:37all, or if looked at by archaeology,

1:06:39looked at only [music] minimally.

1:06:43It's really important to understand that

1:06:45archaeology

1:06:46um is often driven by accidental finds.

1:06:54In the shadow depths beneath the temple

1:06:56of the ancient city of Taposirus Magna,

1:06:59located along the Egyptian coastline, a

1:07:01monumental discovery was made by

1:07:03Kathleen Martinez of the [music]

1:07:05University of Sto. Domingo, Dominican

1:07:07Republic, and her team. Let's call in

1:07:09the archaeologists to make sure that

1:07:11we're not going to wreck any ancient

1:07:12archaeology while we're doing this. And

1:07:14that's a lot of archaeological

1:07:15discoveries are made as a result of

1:07:17that.

1:07:18During their meticulous excavations,

1:07:20they unearthed an extensive tunnel

1:07:22plunging 13 m underground, [music]

1:07:25expertly carved through 135 m of

1:07:28sandstone. This architectural feat

1:07:31standing 2 [music] m tall has been

1:07:33hailed as a geometric miracle by the

1:07:35Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and

1:07:37Antiquities [music] for its engineering

1:07:39precision and scale.

1:07:40>> It's it's interesting that the patterns

1:07:42are geometrical. Someone made it and it

1:07:44involved a very large amount of

1:07:46organized labor in order to make it.

1:07:48There had to be the will and the intent

1:07:50in order to [music] do that.

1:07:55The Upupalinos tunnel extending over 10

1:07:58[music] to 36 m was an unparalleled

1:08:00achievement in ancient engineering,

1:08:02mirroring the complexity and ambition of

1:08:05the Taposerus Magna Tunnel. Though the

1:08:07latter's function remains a mystery.

1:08:10Despite [music] being partially

1:08:11submerged in water, the tunnel's purpose

1:08:13beyond its architectural resemblance to

1:08:15historical works is still under [music]

1:08:17investigation.

1:08:19The driving force behind Martinez's

1:08:21dedication to Taposiris Magna since 2004

1:08:24[music] has been the quest to locate the

1:08:26final resting place of Cleopatra 7th,

1:08:29the last queen of the Tomic dynasty. Are

1:08:32we looking at the traces of a forgotten

1:08:33episode in human history? I think so. I

1:08:36think that's that's what's going on

1:08:37here.

1:08:38>> The excavations at Taposerus Magna have

1:08:41not been in vain, revealing artifacts

1:08:42and signs hinting [music] at the

1:08:44presence of Cleopatra and her ancestors.

1:08:47Founded around 280 B.CE by Tommy II, a

1:08:51direct descendant of one of Alexander

1:08:53the Great's [music] generals, Taposerius

1:08:55Magna is steeped in the legacy of its

1:08:57founders. The temple [music] believed to

1:08:59be dedicated to Osiris and his consort

1:09:02Isis also aligns with Cleopatra's

1:09:04efforts [music] to embody Isis,

1:09:06strengthening her divine legitimacy.

1:09:09>> This is a very neglected area of the

1:09:11world uh as far as deep and ancient

1:09:13archaeology goes.

1:09:16Discoveries within the temple complex

1:09:18have included coins adorned with the

1:09:19likenesses of Cleopatra and Alexander

1:09:22the Great [music] alongside figurines of

1:09:24Isis, suggesting a vibrant cultic

1:09:27activity centered around these [music]

1:09:28figures. Additionally, Greco Roman

1:09:31burial shafts unearthed within the site

1:09:33hint at the potential for finding

1:09:35[music] tombs similar to those Cleopatra

1:09:37and her consort Mark Anthony might be

1:09:39interred in, raising the possibility of

1:09:41uncovering their final resting places.

1:09:44Looking forward, the exploration is set

1:09:47to extend into the Mediterranean Sea

1:09:49following the trail [music] of a series

1:09:50of devastating earthquakes between 320

1:09:53and 133 CE that led to the partial

1:09:57submersion of the temple complex.

1:09:59[music] Prior excavations have also

1:10:01indicated a network of tunnels

1:10:02connecting Lake Marriott to the

1:10:04Mediterranean, suggesting a broader

1:10:06scope of investigation [music] in the

1:10:08quest to unravel the mysteries of

1:10:10Taposerius Magna. The tunnel discovery

1:10:13[music] yielding artifacts such as

1:10:15pottery and a limestone block adds to

1:10:17the anticipation of what lies ahead. As

1:10:20articulated by Zahi Hawas, the former

1:10:23minister for antiquities, the discovery

1:10:25of Cleopatra and Mark Antony's tomb

1:10:27would be a landmark event of the 21st

1:10:30century. [music]

1:10:31Nonetheless, the significance of the

1:10:33findings at Taposyus Magna transcends

1:10:36the search [music] for royal tombs,

1:10:38shedding light on the rich and complex

1:10:40history of this ancient city. The

1:10:43ongoing excavations promise not only the

1:10:45potential revelation of royal tombs,

1:10:47[music] but also a deeper understanding

1:10:49of the cultural and historical landscape

1:10:51of ancient Egypt. Moving on, the mystery

1:10:54of the Osiris [music] shaft, a hidden

1:10:56gem beneath the sands of the Giza

1:10:57Plateau. But he found evidence of of

1:11:00deliberate burial in a very complicated

1:11:02difficult cave system which you can

1:11:04hardly access.

1:11:06>> Is this shaft connected with ancient

1:11:08Queen Cleopatra?

1:11:10This ancient marvel is a deep [music]

1:11:12dive into Egyptian engineering

1:11:13brilliance and a profound testament to

1:11:15their religious beliefs. Carved straight

1:11:18into the bedrock and plunging about 30 m

1:11:20[music] which is nearly 100 ft

1:11:22underground. It's a three-level journey

1:11:24into the past where architecture meets

1:11:26the afterlife. Right at the doorstep of

1:11:29the pyramid of Kafrey, the entrance to

1:11:31this subterranean complex is anything

1:11:33[music] but ordinary. It's like stepping

1:11:36into a different realm, starting with a

1:11:38modest antichamber that serves as your

1:11:40welcome or warning of the mysteries that

1:11:42lie ahead. This first stop is simple

1:11:44[music] yet precise, a showcase of the

1:11:47ancient Egyptians mastery over stone.

1:11:49But the adventure only deepens [music]

1:11:51from there. A narrow passage takes you

1:11:53to the second level, a larger space

1:11:55carved with burial niches. Imagine this

1:11:58as a VIP section for the afterlife,

1:12:00[music]

1:12:01likely reserved for those with a direct

1:12:03line to the gods or high standing in

1:12:05society. [music] It's a clear sign that

1:12:07you're moving closer to something

1:12:08sacred. Then comes the final plunge to

1:12:11the heart of the Osiris shaft. Here in

1:12:13the deepest chamber, [music] you're

1:12:15greeted by a scene straight out of

1:12:17mythology. At the center, a massive

1:12:19granite sarcophagus sits partially

1:12:21submerged in water, which seeps in

1:12:24naturally from the limestone. This isn't

1:12:27just an engineering feat. It's a direct

1:12:29nod [music] to Osiris, the god of the

1:12:31afterlife, whose story is intertwined

1:12:34with the Nile itself.

1:12:36The water here isn't just a natural

1:12:38occurrence. It's a symbol of life,

1:12:40death, and rebirth, mirroring the Nile's

1:12:42life-giving floods and Osiris's own

1:12:44resurrection story. [music] The genius

1:12:46of the Osiris shaft isn't just in its

1:12:48construction, though carving such a

1:12:51complex directly into the bedrock,

1:12:53managing [music] groundwater and

1:12:54ensuring stability is nothing short of

1:12:56astounding. [snorts] It's also in how it

1:12:59weaves together functionality and deep

1:13:01religious symbolism. This place [music]

1:13:03wasn't just meant for burying the dead.

1:13:05It was a canvas on which the ancient

1:13:07Egyptians painted their beliefs in the

1:13:09afterlife, a physical journey through

1:13:11the underworld that mirrored the soul's

1:13:13passage to eternity. In the end, the

1:13:16Osiris shaft stands as a profound

1:13:18expression [music] of ancient Egyptian

1:13:19architectural and religious thought. A

1:13:22place where the physical and the

1:13:23spiritual meet, carved deep into the

1:13:25earth. The Osiris shaft presents a

1:13:28fascinating narrative of ancient

1:13:30Egyptian [music] beliefs, ingeniously

1:13:32encapsulated in a subterranean complex.

1:13:35This enigmatic [music] site stretching

1:13:37deep beneath the sands offers a rare

1:13:39window into the Egyptians sophisticated

1:13:42burial practices and [music] their

1:13:43reverence for Osiris, the deity of the

1:13:46afterlife and rebirth.

1:13:49The discovery of varied sarcophagi

1:13:51within its depths speaks [music] volumes

1:13:53about the social tapestry and the

1:13:55evolving customs over millennia from the

1:13:57old kingdom through to the ptomeic

1:13:59period. It's intriguing [music] to see

1:14:01how granite and basalt sarcophagy

1:14:03earmarked for the elite coexist with

1:14:06simpler wooden ones, suggesting a

1:14:08[music] resting place for a wide

1:14:09spectrum of society. The assortment of

1:14:12burial goods unearthed here, from

1:14:14pottery intended for afterlife

1:14:15sustenance [music] to usabi figures

1:14:17meant to serve the deceased beyond death

1:14:20underscores a firm belief in an

1:14:22existence afterlife. These artifacts

1:14:24weren't just symbolic. They were

1:14:26envisioned to spring to life in the

1:14:27afterlife, attending to [music] the

1:14:29deceased. The presence of jewelry,

1:14:31amulets, and various ritual objects

1:14:33further accentuates [music]

1:14:35the shaft's spiritual significance,

1:14:37painting a vivid picture of the personal

1:14:39beliefs and the societal [music] stature

1:14:41of those inmbed within its chambers.

1:14:44Less common than in grandio tombs, but

1:14:46equally telling are the inscriptions

1:14:48found within the Osiris shaft. These

1:14:50hieroglyphic texts drawn from the book

1:14:52of the dead offer prayers and spells to

1:14:55[music] aid the deceased's passage

1:14:56through the underworld, revealing the

1:14:58religious literature that permeated

1:15:00burial rights at the time. The shaft's

1:15:03design and function serve as a profound

1:15:05testament [music] to the myth of Osiris,

1:15:07creating a physical manifestation of the

1:15:09underworld and mirroring the god's

1:15:11mythical inunement in the Nile's waters.

1:15:14This architectural homage to Osiris not

1:15:17only marked the site as a burial ground,

1:15:19but also as a sacred space [music] for

1:15:21pilgrimage and worship, drawing

1:15:23followers to engage in rituals and

1:15:25offerings. The use of water in the

1:15:27deepest chamber, symbolizing

1:15:29purification and rebirth reflects the

1:15:31Nile's life-giving floods controlled

1:15:33[music] by Osiris, reinforcing the

1:15:35deity's association with agriculture and

1:15:38resurrection.

1:15:39Some theories [music] even suggest that

1:15:42the Osiris shaft's alignment might

1:15:43connect the deceased with celestial

1:15:45bodies, [music]

1:15:46embedding them within the eternal cycle

1:15:48of life, death, and rebirth, a concept

1:15:51that highlights the Egyptians advanced

1:15:53understanding of cosmology.

1:15:56Exploring the Osiris shaft [music] thus

1:15:58unfolds a rich tapestry of ancient

1:16:00Egyptian life, belief, and architectural

1:16:02prowess. It's a narrative that

1:16:05transcends the mere act of burial,

1:16:07revealing a [music] culture deeply

1:16:08immersed in the mysteries of the

1:16:10afterlife, the divine, and the cosmos.

1:16:12The Osiris shaft stands not just [music]

1:16:14as a monument, but as a bridge between

1:16:16the earthly and the divine, offering

1:16:19invaluable insights into the [music]

1:16:21spiritual and everyday lives of the

1:16:23ancient Egyptians.

1:16:24>> For people that haven't heard of the

1:16:26labyrinth, it it was one of the ancient

1:16:28wonders of the world. Like this was

1:16:30described by Herodotus and Plenny the

1:16:32Elder and Strao and and and all these

1:16:34historical figures that saw it.

1:16:36Herodotus described it as exceeding in

1:16:39splendor and wonder that of the pyramids

1:16:43like this. This was a tre the labyrinth

1:16:45was this sort of thousand room structure

1:16:48that was supposedly just absolutely

1:16:49magnificent. You could have fit all of

1:16:51the temples of Carak and Luxor and all

1:16:53of the temples of Egypt into its

1:16:54footprint

1:16:57that was just lost to the [music] sands

1:16:58of time.

1:17:01We've never known where it is or what it

1:17:02is. And it would be like a like a

1:17:04pyramid. It would rival the Great

1:17:06Pyramid for sure if if we uh were to

1:17:08find it. But turns out we found it.

1:17:16Nestled near the Fume Oasis,

1:17:19the Hwara pyramid site may appear

1:17:21unremarkable today, but to ancient

1:17:24historians, it was a place of awe and

1:17:27grandeur. Heroditus, often called the

1:17:30father of history, described it in terms

1:17:33that still leave modern scholars in awe.

1:17:36He recounted that compared to the

1:17:37labyrinth he encountered, even the

1:17:40grandest Greek temples and pyramids pald

1:17:42in both effort and expense. It was a

1:17:46structure of such enormous scale and

1:17:48complexity that it surpassed even the

1:17:50famous pyramids of Egypt for centuries.

1:17:54However, many dismissed his account as

1:17:56fanciful or exaggerated,

1:17:59especially given Heroditus' reputation

1:18:01for embellishment.

1:18:03However, as time passed, more of his

1:18:06descriptions have been vindicated,

1:18:08particularly regarding his accounts of

1:18:10Lake Morris near Hawara.

1:18:13He spoke of two pyramids rising nearly

1:18:1693 m above the surface of the water,

1:18:19each crowned with a seated stone statue.

1:18:23In the late [music] 19th century, famed

1:18:25British archaeologist Flender's Petri

1:18:28confirmed the presence of two seated

1:18:30colossi, each about 18 m high and made

1:18:34of hard quartzite sandstone.

1:18:37This discovery was one of many that

1:18:39would lend credence to Heroditus' words.

1:18:42The site of the Hara pyramid holds far

1:18:45more than just these statues.

1:18:47When researchers began to investigate

1:18:49the pyramid itself, they unearthed

1:18:51evidence of remarkable ancient

1:18:53engineering. Despite its present

1:18:55appearance, a crumbling pile of dark

1:18:57mud, the pyramid conceals a megalithic

1:19:00core built with astounding precision.

1:19:04Beneath its decayed exterior, the

1:19:06masonry is of exceptional quality with

1:19:09blocks fitted so tightly that not even a

1:19:11blade could slip between them. This core

1:19:14represents two distinct types of ancient

1:19:17technologies. One, the megalithic stone

1:19:20core and the other a more fragile mud

1:19:23brick construction that has long since

1:19:25crumbled. Flender's Petri, a pioneer in

1:19:28the study of ancient Egyptian

1:19:29architecture, was the first to delve

1:19:31into this mystery in detail. He noted

1:19:34that the stone casing of the pyramid had

1:19:36been removed during Roman times, leaving

1:19:38the interior exposed to the elements.

1:19:41Unlike other pyramids of the time, the

1:19:43entrance to this one was on the south

1:19:45side, [music] not the north, and lay at

1:19:47ground level.

1:19:51It was designed with descending passages

1:19:53that had ramps on both sides,

1:19:57resembling a system for moving heavy

1:19:59cargo.

1:20:00This unique layout distinguished the

1:20:03Hwara pyramid from others in Egypt,

1:20:06leading Petri to believe that its

1:20:08original purpose may have been different

1:20:10from typical pyramids.

1:20:13One of the most astonishing aspects of

1:20:15the structure is its system of trap

1:20:17doors. Massive stone slabs weighing

1:20:20around 20 tons each designed to seal off

1:20:22passageways. Petri discovered three such

1:20:25trap doors, all of which had been left

1:20:27open. His

1:20:30exploration of the pyramid led him to a

1:20:33central chamber carved from a single

1:20:35block of quartzsite sandstone

1:20:38forming a large tank-like structure in

1:20:41which a sarcophagus was placed. This

1:20:44colossal monolith weighing over 110 tons

1:20:47had been heuned with such precision

1:20:49Petri marveled at the technical skill

1:20:52required to carve and place such an

1:20:54enormous block of stone [music] into a

1:20:56carefully excavated hollow. What truly

1:20:59puzzled Petri, however, was the design

1:21:01of the tomb itself.

1:21:03There was no visible entrance, and the

1:21:05only way the pharaoh's body could have

1:21:07been placed inside would have been

1:21:09during the construction of the pyramid.

1:21:11Even more, curiously, no inscriptions

1:21:14were found inside the chamber or on the

1:21:16sarcophagus, a rarity for a royal tomb.

1:21:21Instead, [music] Petri found only traces

1:21:24of charred bones, charcoal, and remnants

1:21:27of burnt diorite, suggesting that

1:21:29whatever had once been inside the

1:21:30sarcophagus had been deliberately

1:21:32destroyed by fire.

1:21:35The mystery deepened when Petri examined

1:21:37a second sarcophagus in the chamber, one

1:21:40that appeared to have been added after

1:21:41the pyramid's construction.

1:21:44This later addition was smaller and

1:21:46lacked the technical precision of the

1:21:47original sarcophagus, raising questions

1:21:50about the purpose and timeline of the

1:21:52additions to the tomb.

1:21:54It was as though the pyramid had been

1:21:56used for multiple distinct purposes over

1:21:59time, [music] each contributing to its

1:22:01enigmatic history.

1:22:03While Petri focused on the pyramid, he

1:22:05also uncovered evidence of a much larger

1:22:08structure nearby.

1:22:10The legendary labyrinth of Egypt, which

1:22:13had long been mentioned in ancient

1:22:14texts.

1:22:16Heroditus had described it as a massive

1:22:18complex of 3,000 rooms arranged in a

1:22:22maze-like formation, some above ground

1:22:24and others below. He was forbidden from

1:22:28entering the underground chambers as

1:22:30they were said to house the tombs of

1:22:32kings and sacred crocodiles.

1:22:34Yet what Heroditus saw above ground left

1:22:37him aruck and later historians would

1:22:40echo his astonishment.

1:22:43Strabo, a Greek geographer who visited

1:22:45the site centuries later, described the

1:22:48labyrinth's monolithic ceilings and

1:22:50walls, each constructed from enormous

1:22:52slabs of stone.

1:22:54When Petri began excavating the area in

1:22:57front of the Hara pyramid, he uncovered

1:22:59evidence of this labyrinth beneath the

1:23:01remains of a later village. Beneath the

1:23:04village, he found layers of stone chips

1:23:06and fragments, the remains of what had

1:23:09once been an enormous stone structure.

1:23:12He concluded that this was indeed the

1:23:14foundation of the fabled labyrinth.

1:23:17His findings aligned with the ancient

1:23:19accounts.

1:23:21The structure was so large that, as he

1:23:24noted, it could have contained the

1:23:26temples of Carnac and Luxor within its

1:23:29boundaries.

1:23:31However, the labyrinth had long since

1:23:33been destroyed, its stones quarried and

1:23:35repurposed by later generations.

1:23:38All that remained were the foundations

1:23:40and fragments, a ghost of the massive

1:23:42structure that had once stood there. And

1:23:45yet, despite the extensive damage,

1:23:47Petri's findings suggested that this

1:23:49labyrinth had been far more than just a

1:23:51building. It was a monumental work of

1:23:54engineering and architecture that had

1:23:56once aed the ancient world. As we delve

1:23:59deeper into the mysteries of Harwara, it

1:24:02becomes clear that this site still holds

1:24:04secrets waiting to be uncovered. The

1:24:07labyrinth described by Heroditus,

1:24:09Strabo, and other classical writers

1:24:11[music] may not be entirely lost. In

1:24:14fact, modern technology has revealed

1:24:16tantalizing clues that suggest much of

1:24:19it may still lie hidden beneath [music]

1:24:21the sands, waiting to be rediscovered.

1:24:24In the 21st century, new technologies

1:24:27have allowed researchers to explore the

1:24:29Hara site in ways that Petri could only

1:24:31have dreamed of. Ground penetrating

1:24:34radar and other advanced tools have

1:24:36given archaeologists the ability to peer

1:24:39beneath the surface without disturbing

1:24:41the ancient ruins.

1:24:43One such expedition in 2008 led by the

1:24:46Mataja project, a team of geoysicists,

1:24:49used radar technology to investigate the

1:24:52area beneath what Petri had identified

1:24:54as the foundation of the labyrinth.

1:24:57What they discovered was nothing short

1:24:59of remarkable. A vast network of walls

1:25:02and chambers buried deep beneath the

1:25:04surface.

1:25:06Their findings suggested that what Petri

1:25:08had thought was a foundation might

1:25:10actually have been the roof of the

1:25:11labyrinth, which could still exist

1:25:14underground.

1:25:16The radar scans revealed a grid of rooms

1:25:18and passageways at depths of 8 to 12 m,

1:25:22confirming the existence of a colossal

1:25:24structure that matched the descriptions

1:25:26given by ancient historians.

1:25:29Despite the significance of these

1:25:31findings, [music] the news was met with

1:25:33unexpected resistance.

1:25:35Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities

1:25:38led by Zahi Hawas requested that the

1:25:40results be withheld from the public

1:25:42citing concerns about national security.

1:25:45The Mataja team faced delays and

1:25:48obstacles. But after 2 years, they were

1:25:51finally able to publish their report.

1:25:54Their findings supported the ancient

1:25:56accounts of a labyrinth that was far

1:25:58larger than any temple known in Egypt, a

1:26:01structure that had remained hidden

1:26:02beneath the sands for millennia. The

1:26:04labyrinth's complexity and scale raised

1:26:07even more questions about its purpose.

1:26:10Why would such an enormous structure be

1:26:12built underground? And what was it used

1:26:14for?

1:26:17Some researchers speculated that it

1:26:20could have been a secret repository, a

1:26:22place where valuable artifacts or

1:26:24knowledge were stored. Others suggested

1:26:27that it might have served as a

1:26:28ceremonial or religious center. Its

1:26:31labyrinthine corridors and chambers

1:26:34designed to disorient and awe those who

1:26:36entered. One of the most intriguing

1:26:39aspects of the labyrinth is its apparent

1:26:41age. The orientation of the structure,

1:26:44which is tilted by 20 to 25° compared to

1:26:47the nearby Hara pyramid, suggests that

1:26:50it may be much older than the pyramid

1:26:52itself. If this is true, it raises the

1:26:56possibility that the labyrinth predates

1:26:58the pharaohs and could be a relic of a

1:27:00much earlier civilization. Despite the

1:27:03advances in technology, many mysteries

1:27:05remain unsolved. The subterranean

1:27:08chambers have yet to be fully explored,

1:27:10and no one knows what lies within them.

1:27:13Could the labyrinth still contain

1:27:15treasures or texts from an ancient era?

1:27:19Could it hold clues to the origins of

1:27:21the Egyptians or even earlier cultures

1:27:23that inhabited the region? For now,

1:27:26these questions remain unanswered as the

1:27:29labyrinth remains buried beneath layers

1:27:31of earth and time.

1:27:38If you found this video fascinating,

1:27:40prepare to be even more intrigued. Check

1:27:43out our next video diving deep into the

1:27:45enigma of Zoyet Elaran, the pit in Egypt

1:27:48that seemingly exists outside of

1:27:50recorded history. We'll explore its

1:27:53mysterious origins, the baffling

1:27:55precision of its construction, and the

1:27:57theories surrounding its purpose.

1:28:00Get ready to journey into a truly

1:28:02perplexing piece of ancient Egyptian

1:28:04history.

1:28:04>> You're looking at the limestone interior

1:28:08of the Abu Ruash pyramid.

1:28:11And this is the core.

1:28:14And we can descend [snorts] into the

1:28:17core in [music] this unique structure

1:28:21unlike the other pyramids. Oh my god.

1:28:24What's this?

1:28:25Wow.

1:28:28Oh,

1:28:30very deep

1:28:32pit.

1:28:35That that that looks to me like a boat

1:28:37pit.

1:28:39>> No way. Look at these line. Look at

1:28:41these triations.

1:28:41>> Exactly.

1:28:42>> Look at these striations.

1:28:43>> And also the higher parts and the lower

1:28:44parts shows that it's it was not all cut

1:28:46at once.

1:28:47>> Exactly.

1:28:48>> Like

1:28:48>> especially here. This

1:28:50>> here and here.

1:28:51>> Exactly.

1:28:51>> Yeah. Here and there. [music]

1:28:52>> Exactly. See where the blade came back.

1:28:55And we are talking about red granite

1:28:58from Aswan.

1:29:00How did they [music] bring it up here?

1:29:01We are here in a in a mountainous

1:29:03region.

1:29:04>> The archaeologists and the

1:29:06prehistorians, people are looking at

1:29:08that have failed to take into account

1:29:12the severity of these events we're

1:29:14[music] talking about.

1:29:16You don't realize the extent of the

1:29:18total remodeling of this planetary

1:29:21surface that took place.

1:29:24Because the question always is, where

1:29:25are the artifacts? Where's the pottery?

1:29:27Where is the the evidence that this

1:29:29civilization existed?

1:29:33Randall Carlson's theory about advanced

1:29:34[music] ancient civilizations is truly

1:29:37fascinating and a bit of a departure

1:29:39from what we usually [music] hear in

1:29:40mainstream archaeology. He's suggesting

1:29:43that highly sophisticated societies

1:29:45might have existed tens of thousands of

1:29:47years ago, way before the traditional

1:29:49cradles of civilization like

1:29:51Mesopotamia, [music]

1:29:52Egypt, the Indis Valley, and China came

1:29:54into the picture.

1:29:56Imagine [music] civilizations thriving

1:29:58before or even during the last ice age,

1:30:01which wrapped up around 11,700 years

1:30:03[music] ago. That idea alone pushes back

1:30:06the conventional timeline of human

1:30:08development by several thousand years.

1:30:10Now, when you look at the evidence

1:30:12Carlson brings to the table, [music]

1:30:13it's primarily centered around those

1:30:15massive and mystifying megalithic

1:30:17structures scattered across the globe.

1:30:19Take the pyramids of Giza for example.

1:30:22Their alignment with the stars of

1:30:24Orion's belt [music] and the precision

1:30:25of their construction is just

1:30:27mindblowing. Or Stonehenge with its

1:30:29solstial alignment standing [music]

1:30:31there on the Ssbury plane. Two of these

1:30:34shafts um go all the way through the

1:30:36body of the pyramid and exit on the

1:30:38outside and and actually point at

1:30:39particularly significant stars. These

1:30:42structures suggest that the people who

1:30:44built them [music] had a far more

1:30:45advanced understanding of astronomy than

1:30:47we usually give them credit for. Carlson

1:30:50dives into the engineering and

1:30:51architectural skills of these ancient

1:30:53builders. He talks about [music] how

1:30:55they constructed these massive stone

1:30:57structures, some involving stones

1:30:59weighing several tons. Just think about

1:31:01the logistics of transporting and

1:31:03precisely placing these enormous [music]

1:31:05stones over great distances. It

1:31:07indicates a level of engineering

1:31:09know-how and physical physics that seems

1:31:11way ahead of their time. Now, moving on.

1:31:14Randall Carlson's theory about ancient

1:31:16civilizations is absolutely [music]

1:31:18something different, isn't it? He really

1:31:20makes you think about the roots of our

1:31:22history in a new way. Just consider the

1:31:24megalithic structures scattered [music]

1:31:26all over the world. When you account for

1:31:29the rise of sea level and the the

1:31:31isoatic subsidance of the seafloor, it's

1:31:34not at all implausible that you had a

1:31:36large island complex in the mid-Atlantic

1:31:38ocean.

1:31:39>> Carlson sees these as evidence of

1:31:41advanced prehistoric civilizations. The

1:31:43Great Pyramid of Giza, for example, is

1:31:45made up of over 2 million stone blocks,

1:31:47each weighing tons, and they're all

1:31:49placed [music] with incredible

1:31:50precision. It's not just about the sheer

1:31:53size, but the sophistication in their

1:31:55construction. And it's not just in one

1:31:57place. These megalithic [music]

1:31:59structures are everywhere from the stone

1:32:01circles in Europe to the pyramids in

1:32:03Egypt and Meso America. Carlson [music]

1:32:05points out that the similarities in

1:32:07construction techniques and astronomical

1:32:09alignments across different cultures

1:32:11hint at a possibly shared or globally

1:32:13distributed source of knowledge. [music]

1:32:15It's like these ancient builders were

1:32:17all tapping into the same advanced

1:32:18understanding, which is pretty

1:32:20mind-blowing to think about. Now, where

1:32:23it gets even more intriguing is how

1:32:25Carlson links the disappearance of this

1:32:27advanced knowledge to catastrophic

1:32:28events. He often refers to the younger

1:32:31Dryus impact hypothesis, suggesting that

1:32:34a [music] comet impact might have

1:32:35triggered drastic climatic changes at

1:32:37the end of the ice age.

1:32:39>> You may have periods of time where you

1:32:42have multiple impacts occurring over a

1:32:44short period of time associated with the

1:32:47destruction and disintegration of large

1:32:49comets. Imagine massive flooding,

1:32:51climate shifts, and entire civilizations

1:32:54collapsing. It's like something out of a

1:32:56movie. But Carlson suggests it could be

1:32:58what wiped out [music] these advanced

1:33:00societies and their knowledge. But

1:33:02here's the thing. He thinks this lost

1:33:04knowledge didn't just vanish.

1:33:07According to Carlson, [music]

1:33:08it lived on in myths, legends, and

1:33:10religious texts, which he sees not just

1:33:12as stories, [music] but as historical

1:33:14records. Take the flood myths for

1:33:16example like Noah's ark or the epic of

1:33:18Gilgamesh. Carlson [music] sees these as

1:33:21allegorical references to actual

1:33:22historical events like massive

1:33:24post-glacial flooding. He believes that

1:33:27remnants [music] of knowledge from these

1:33:28advanced civilizations were passed down

1:33:31through generations albeit in a

1:33:33fragmented and symbolically encoded way.

1:33:36Moving back to megalithic [music]

1:33:37structures, Randall Carlson's work on

1:33:40the astronomical alignments of

1:33:41megalithic structures is like peeling

1:33:43back layers of history to reveal the

1:33:45deep [music] astronomical knowledge of

1:33:47ancient civilizations.

1:33:49Take the megalithic temples of Malta,

1:33:51Hagar, Kim, and Manadra, for instance.

1:33:54These structures aren't just old.

1:33:56They're among the oldest freestanding

1:33:58structures in the world, dating back

1:33:59[music] to around 3,600,

1:34:023,200 BC. What's really remarkable about

1:34:05them is how they demonstrate [music] an

1:34:07intricate understanding of celestial

1:34:09movements, particularly the solar cycle.

1:34:12When you look at these temples,

1:34:13especially during the equinoxes, it's

1:34:15like watching a celestial dance

1:34:17choreographed by ancient [music]

1:34:18architects. At Managra on the equinoxes,

1:34:21the sunlight filters through a specific

1:34:23aperture, illuminating [music] an inner

1:34:25stone slab. It's this incredible

1:34:28precision that highlights how the

1:34:29builders weren't just stacking stones.

1:34:31[music]

1:34:31They were aligning them with celestial

1:34:33events, marking the change of seasons

1:34:35with architectural precision. But it's

1:34:38not just about [music] alignments. The

1:34:40architectural design itself is a marvel.

1:34:42>> Some reference to such an event can be

1:34:44traced in many of the legends and myths

1:34:47surrounding these stars that have come

1:34:49down to us from nations far removed from

1:34:52each other.

1:34:53>> The layout of the temples seems

1:34:55carefully planned to align with the

1:34:56sun's position at significant times of

1:34:59the year. For example, the main axis of

1:35:01Hagar Chim is almost perfectly oriented

1:35:04to where the sun rises during the

1:35:05solstesses. It shows a level of planning

1:35:08and understanding of the sun's

1:35:09movements. And then there's the

1:35:11construction itself. We're talking

1:35:13[music] about huge megaliths, each

1:35:15weighing several tons, placed with such

1:35:17accuracy that they align with celestial

1:35:19events. It wasn't just a matter [music]

1:35:21of brute force. It required

1:35:23sophisticated knowledge of astronomy and

1:35:25construction techniques. Plus they used

1:35:27local [music] limestone which is

1:35:29abundant in Malta. The complexity of

1:35:32these temples goes beyond just their

1:35:33size or the weight [music] of the

1:35:35stones. They have multiple apses, altars

1:35:38and intricate carvings all forming part

1:35:40of a complex architectural design. The

1:35:43series of semic-ircular chambers

1:35:44connected by a central corridor and

1:35:47their alignment with specific

1:35:48astronomical [music] events. The

1:35:50pyramids of Giza, especially the Great

1:35:52Pyramid, the precision with which these

1:35:54pyramids align to the cardinal points of

1:35:56the compass is just mind-boggling. Think

1:35:59about it. [music] The Great Pyramid

1:36:01built for Pharaoh Kufu around 25802560

1:36:05BC is aligned almost perfectly north,

1:36:08south, east, and west. The northern side

1:36:10aligns to within a [music] fraction of a

1:36:12degree of true north. Considering the

1:36:14era it was built in, that's an

1:36:16incredible feat of geometry and [music]

1:36:18astronomy. The construction techniques

1:36:20themselves are a mystery. The ancient

1:36:22Egyptians might [music] have used stars

1:36:24or the sun's path to find true north,

1:36:27which implies they had advanced

1:36:28surveying techniques [music] and a deep

1:36:30understanding of angles and straight

1:36:32lines. It's impressive when you consider

1:36:34the tools and technology available at

1:36:36the time. Then there's the fascinating

1:36:38Orion correlation theory. This theory

1:36:41suggests that the layout of the three

1:36:42main pyramids at Giza mirrors the stars

1:36:44in Orion's belt. Proponents like Robert

1:36:47[music] Boval believe this alignment was

1:36:49intentional, reflecting a belief in the

1:36:51connection between the heavens and the

1:36:53afterlife.

1:36:54>> They speak of these two regions of the

1:36:55sky, the southern sky with the stars of

1:36:57Orion and there. Can we move [music] one

1:36:59slide up? Here's a nice view of them.

1:37:02They're pristine by the way. It's really

1:37:04eerie how they carve those texts by

1:37:07hand. And some of the [music] details is

1:37:10extraordinary. with Orion associated

1:37:12with Osiris, the god of rebirth [music]

1:37:15and the afterlife. The pyramids in this

1:37:17view were not just tombs, but also

1:37:19celestial maps and gateways for the

1:37:22pharaoh's soul to the afterlife. The

1:37:24smallest pyramid, Menawa's pyramid, is

1:37:26slightly offset, mirroring the offset of

1:37:29the smallest star, Mntaka, in Orion's

1:37:31belt, which adds another layer of

1:37:33intrigue to this theory. [music]

1:37:35The design of the pyramids also

1:37:37incorporates alignments with the sun and

1:37:39specific stars and constellations. For

1:37:41example, certain shafts within the Great

1:37:43Pyramid align with particular stars.

1:37:46These could have been more than

1:37:47architectural features. They might have

1:37:49held [music] spiritual significance,

1:37:51possibly serving as pathways for the

1:37:52pharaoh's soul to the stars. Also, on

1:37:56specific days of [music] the year, the

1:37:57sun sets between the pyramids, creating

1:38:00a visual spectacle likely significant in

1:38:02[music] ancient Egyptian ceremonies. now

1:38:05one of the most known megalithic

1:38:06structures.

1:38:07>> Would it be fair to say that there's an

1:38:09element of a rediscovery of a lost

1:38:11technology from the past?

1:38:12>> I think it would be fair to say that.

1:38:14Yes.

1:38:15>> Stonehenge out there on the Ssbury plane

1:38:17in Wiltshire, England. What's

1:38:19particularly fascinating about

1:38:20Stonehenge [music]

1:38:21is its astronomical alignment and how it

1:38:23was constructed. The way it lines up

1:38:25with the summer solstice is probably

1:38:27what it's most famous for. On the

1:38:29longest day of the year, the sun rises

1:38:31right over the heel [music] stone, which

1:38:33is set just outside the main stone

1:38:34circle. As the sun comes up, its rays

1:38:37shoot straight through the [music]

1:38:38entrance and light up the center of the

1:38:40circle. Stonehenge also aligns with the

1:38:43winter solstice and possibly other

1:38:44celestial events. During the winter

1:38:47[music] solstice, the sunset is framed

1:38:48by those massive stone trilithons. And

1:38:51some experts think it might even line up

1:38:53with lunar phenomena, which just adds

1:38:55another layer to how the builders

1:38:56understood [music] both the sun and the

1:38:58moon's movements. When you think about

1:39:00how Stonehenge was built, it's even more

1:39:02mind-blowing. The final form was

1:39:04completed around 2500 BC, but it was

1:39:08built [music] in phases over about 1,500

1:39:10years. The main part of the monument is

1:39:12made up of these huge sarsen stones

1:39:14arranged in a circle. And there are

1:39:16smaller blue stones that were brought

1:39:18over from Wales that's over 150 mi away.

1:39:22And then there's the layout of the

1:39:23stones. They're set up in this specific

1:39:26geometric pattern with an outer circle

1:39:28and in a horseshoe arrangement. [music]

1:39:30And those trolle structures. The

1:39:32precision in the layout and how the

1:39:33stones are oriented [music] show a

1:39:35really deep understanding of geometry

1:39:37and astronomy. It's not just a bunch of

1:39:39rocks placed randomly. Everything at

1:39:42Stonehenge is set up with purpose and

1:39:44meaning, which makes you wonder a little

1:39:46bit, doesn't it?

1:39:48>> The Great Pyramid, mostly that's the one

1:39:49that's been studied. We actually haven't

1:39:51done a whole lot of studying on the

1:39:52other pyramids. [music] It's something

1:39:53that's severely lacking.

1:39:56Uh, in in fact, we've not even cleared

1:39:58off the bases of some of the other

1:39:59pyramids up at Gizu. It's it's [music]

1:40:00crazy.

1:40:02>> So, you can understand why people start

1:40:04to question the historical narrative.

1:40:06The reality of them is probably stranger

1:40:08and more interesting than anything

1:40:09people can [music] think of in terms of

1:40:11fiction.

1:40:12>> For centuries, we've believed that the

1:40:14ancient Egyptians were the masterminds

1:40:16behind this architectural marvel. But

1:40:19what if [music] they weren't? What if

1:40:21instead they simply moved into these

1:40:23colossal structures? Join [music] us as

1:40:26we explore groundbreaking theories,

1:40:28unravel new discoveries, and challenge

1:40:30[music] everything we thought we knew

1:40:32about one of the seven wonders of the

1:40:33ancient world. I'm willing to accept

1:40:36that the that the Great Pyramid was

1:40:38largely completed by the ancient

1:40:40Egyptians.

1:40:41>> The Great [music] Pyramid of Giza, built

1:40:43during the fourth dynasty of Egypt for

1:40:45Pharaoh Kufu around 2580 [music]

1:40:47to 2560 BC, has long captured the

1:40:50imagination of [music] people worldwide.