Full transcript
0:01Armando huran biology and Medicine
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0:25of these videos so this video is going
0:27to talk about bone fractures so bones
0:30are usually healthy and strong and they
0:33sustain us with movement Etc however due
0:36to some form of trauma vitamin A
0:38deficiency deficiency low bone density
0:41or uh being old bone fractures can occur
0:45bone
0:46fractures can lead to tears in blood
0:49vessels which carry nutrients to the
0:52Bone which will cause some problems but
0:55our body obviously has some mechanism to
0:57repair bone fractures
1:00now bone fractures itself can be
1:02categorized into four
1:03parts can be classified by the position
1:06of the bone ends after a fracture can be
1:09classified of the completeness of the
1:11fracture the break the orientation of
1:13the break or whether the bone ends
1:15penetrate the Skin So position of the
1:18bone ends uh can be classified under two
1:22types in
1:23non-displaced the Bone's position does
1:26not move however in displaced as you can
1:30see by this diagram if I draw it okay um
1:32you can see that the bone moves and this
1:34is displaced because the bone the bones
1:37are displaced off to the fracture the
1:39completeness of the break essentially
1:42means whether the bone completely
1:45fractured or incompletely fractured so
1:49whether it incompletely doesn't break
1:52off or it completely breaks
1:55off now the orientation of the break
1:58what it means that whether the fracture
2:00is on a vertical axis or a horizontal
2:03axis also known as linear or transverse
2:06penetration of the skin is obvious a
2:09fracture that penetrates the skin will
2:12cause a compound fracture and one that
2:15does not penetrate the skin will cause a
2:17simple
2:22fracture okay let's just learn more
2:24about bone fractures let's just say a
2:25kid fell down and broke his fibula or
2:27tibia for example
2:30so now what happens to the Bone let's
2:33zoom into the bone and learn how the
2:36fracture repairs
2:38itself so here is a bone typical uh long
2:44bone contains the periostium which wraps
2:46around the bone this is the fracture we
2:50have the compact bone and the hollow
2:53tube which is formed by the compact bone
2:55and we also have the spongy bone we have
2:57blood vessels here and blood blood is
3:00formed and accumulates in the body this
3:02is just after the
3:04fracture however a few seconds minutes
3:06after the fracture we have major
3:08swelling here's the fracture again uh
3:11this stage is known as the hematoma
3:14stage or where the hematoma formation
3:16begins and essentially the hematoma
3:18formation is when blood
3:21accumulates forming the hematoma and
3:23this causes a death of some cells and
3:26swelling and pain associated with the
3:28area and as you can see the vessel are
3:30damaged here after a few days the bone
3:34will go to the second stage known as
3:38fibro carinus CA stage or the fibro
3:41calenus callus formation the soft callus
3:44formation so the blood vessels here are
3:47regrowing we have new blood vessels
3:50forming and a type of mesw work uh from
3:53granulated tissue forms the callus and
3:56also outside the fracture where the
3:58perenium is we have the external
4:00Catalyst being formed so the granulation
4:02tissue fills in the Gap where the
4:05fracture is and rejoins the fracture the
4:08fractured bones together and this is
4:10what the soft callus essentially
4:13does then after a few weeks the
4:15fractured bone will enter the third
4:17stage which is the bone uh bony callus
4:20formation stage now this stage the Bony
4:24callus formation stage is when the soft
4:27callus previously formed will will then
4:30become a bony callus and we have new
4:32blood vessels here and here now we have
4:35the Bony callus which is formed with the
4:36help of also other tissues in the area
4:39so soft callus converts to bony callus
4:42in this stage then after several months
4:45the Bony callus will remodel to become
4:49fine bone so this is the B bone
4:53remodeling stage where the Bony callus
4:56is remodeled to become strong new bone
4:58so healing a occurs and the compact bone
5:01is laid down and osteoblastic activity
5:03also is increased during this stage so
5:07essentially the previously fractured
5:09bone is now completely heed healed after
5:12the four stages hematoma stage
5:16focous callous stage the Bony callus
5:18stage and the last stage which is the
5:21bone remodling
5:23stage let's talk about osteomylitis now
5:27which is related to bone fractures so
5:29what is
5:30osteitis well Osteo means bone and
5:33malius means marrow and we'll see the
5:35relationship why osteitis is when a
5:38bacteria specifically a sta cus strain
5:41can infect a bone during a bone fracture
5:45or through the bloodstream and once this
5:47uh bone has been infected the person
5:49will start um feeling severe pain
5:52sweating and also swelling of the of the
5:55bone injured side and what this bacteria
5:59usually infects are long bones the ends
6:02of long bones and at the ends of the
6:04long bones the bacteria will cause NE
6:08necrosis of the bone cells so the bone
6:12cells begin to die there's also P being
6:16formed and essentially this previously
6:20strong bone will become
6:24weak not only that
6:27but if
6:30this condition is not treated as soon as
6:32possible the osteitis can become chronic
6:35and a lot of bone cells can begin to die
6:37and this can have serious consequences
6:40and this black patch is the infected
6:41area for example and the cause of
6:44osteitis as I mentioned is staf coccus
6:46but particularly this type staf coccus
6:49Iris so once this bone has been
6:54infected there are some serious changes
6:58first of all pus be formed by the
7:01infected area because of immune cells
7:04trying to neutralize this problem so P
7:09formation and it moves out of the cavity
7:13and pushes the perenium out and
7:16essentially after a while what this
7:19would
7:19do is that new bone formation could
7:23possibly occur because the bone cells
7:25around that area will think that the
7:27body wants to create new bone but
7:30essentially osteitis actually causes
7:32bone death specifically at the ends of
7:34long bones and that is why osteitis is a
7:37very serious condition so that concludes
7:40this video on bone fractures we talked
7:41about bone fractures the types of bone
7:43fractures how bone fractures are healed
7:45and we talked a little bit about
7:46osteitis I hope you actually enjoyed
7:47that short video please comment like And
7:49subscribe Shank