Full transcript
0:00do you listen to your heart or follow
0:02rules let's
0:09[Music]
0:16explore imagine a g officer in charge of
0:20social welfare an elderly homeless
0:23couple walks at the office they are
0:26frail clearly in need and claim to be
0:29over 60 years old
0:30making them eligible for senior citizens
0:33pensions but there's a problem they have
0:37no official documents to prove their age
0:39or
0:40identity the law is very clear here no
0:43valid documents no pension benefits but
0:46if you deny them they could end up
0:49hungry and Without Shelter so what do
0:52you do strictly follow rules or make an
0:55exception risking setting a precedent
0:58this dilemma brings us to care ethics a
1:01Mor philosophy perspective that
1:03challenges the rule based morality and
1:07instead it talks about compassion and
1:09care as a basis of morality this dilemma
1:13what to prioritize rules or compassion
1:16is at the heart of ethics of care but
1:20the larger question is how it all start
1:23to understand this Evolution we have to
1:25go back to 1980s when psychologist Cal
1:28Gilligan challenged how moral
1:30development was understood Cal Gilligan
1:33challenged lawence kullberg's theory of
1:36moral development which emphasize that
1:39ethical majority of individuals
1:41completely based on Justice and
1:43impartiality rather than care and
1:45relationships Cal Gan argued that
1:48morality is not just about rules and
1:50rights it's also about empathy
1:54compassion responsibility and
1:57relationships with others following
2:00Gilligan Scholars like n noddings
2:02Virginia hell Joan tronto expanded the
2:05scope of work ethics of care from
2:09personal relationships to governance
2:11public policy and social justice also in
2:14short care ethics emerg as a response to
2:17traditional theories of deontology and
2:19consequentialism so what sets scare
2:21ethics apart let's break it down to
2:24three key areas most racial theories
2:27emphasize on universal rules for inst
2:30can't emphasize on this Universal rule
2:33of always speaking the truth care ethics
2:36on the other hand emphasized that
2:39morality is contextual imagine your
2:42friend is running away from dangerous
2:44people and they meet you and they ask
2:46you where your friend is if you believe
2:48in strict Canan ethics you will tell
2:51them the truth but on the other hand
2:54care ethesis will argue that the moral
2:57thing to do is to protect your friend
2:59May traditional theories believe that
3:01emotions are obstacles to morality kics
3:06disagrees they believe feelings like
3:08compassion empathy sensitivity are not
3:12distractions they're in fact moral kinds
3:15think how naturally we care for family
3:18members friends even Community also so
3:21caring comes naturally to us so feelings
3:25like caring and empathy are not
3:27irrational they are foundations of moral
3:29it care ethics rejects the idea that we
3:33are all self-sufficient individuals
3:35instead they believe that morality
3:38happens within relationships because
3:41we're all interconnected this is why
3:44care ethics focus on relationships and
3:47the relationships can be anything it can
3:49be parent child it can be between
3:52friends oh it can be between Citizen and
3:54a state also care ethics isn't simply
3:57about saying we should care
4:00in fact it identifies three forms of
4:03caring the first and the most important
4:05form of caring is caring for someone
4:08which is more active direct where you're
4:11more concerned about the person's
4:12well-being and Welfare when I say caring
4:15for someone just think of a nurse who
4:18stays extra hours just to comfort a
4:22terminally ill patient a very active
4:25engaged form of caring then there is
4:28caring abouts
4:30something which means you are interested
4:34or concerned about a cause not in an
4:36active way for instance you might care
4:40about climate change so what do you do
4:42you just repost article on social media
4:44you don't take any direct moral
4:47responsibility finally there is caring
4:49after someone this is about taking care
4:52of someone in a very detached manner
4:54something that a professional bureaucrat
4:56would do or a public servant would do
4:58when they delivers services
5:00now here what is missing is the deep
5:03personal connection think of government
5:05officials processing welfare
5:08applications they just follow a system
5:11there's a process they don't involve
5:14themselves in struggles of
5:15individuals now you all may think this
5:18sounds
5:19interesting but how can we apply care
5:22ethics in real life decisions let's
5:24explore few areas here in healthcare
5:28should doctors focus on strict medical
5:30guidelines or should they focus also on
5:33emotional well-being care eics argues
5:37that relationship with patients is also
5:39important in fact they believe in
5:41compassionate patient centered care
5:44rather than rigid rule following in
5:47business company should focus more on
5:50profits of people care ethics will argue
5:54that companies need to focus or the CEOs
5:56need to be more people oriented they
5:59should be focusing on relationship with
6:01their own people that are employees the
6:04staff the customers the various
6:07stakeholders even community at large a
6:10fine example I can think of is MC's IA M
6:13donation program for combating river
6:16blindness while making policies should
6:19the policy maker focus on rights and
6:21Justice or on human needs and well-being
6:25if you're a care ethicist you'll
6:27strongly argue in favor of EST lishing a
6:30care State a caring State you'll focus
6:33on needs and aspirations and well-being
6:36where comes law enforcement a very
6:39interesting question should a police
6:41officer be strict only or the police
6:45officer should be strict and
6:48sensitive if you are a care ethicist
6:50you'll argue for the police officer
6:52being sensitive and strict of course not
6:56everyone agrees with care ethics let's
6:59look at the few criticisms critics argue
7:02that care ethics is too subjective if
7:04morality is based on relationship how to
7:07decide what is fair in a larger
7:10society in fact in the absence of
7:13universal moral rules decision- making
7:15can become too inconsistent and
7:17arbitrary some critics point out that
7:20care ethics reinforces gender
7:22stereotypes that women are more caring
7:25and Men focus on your Injustice when it
7:28comes to criminal justice
7:30care ethicist argue that we have to
7:32balance both fairness punishment on one
7:36side and Rehabilitation and Care on the
7:38other side but critics point out how to
7:41balance
7:42both despite all the
7:45criticisms thinkers like Virginia held
7:48and Joan Toronto argue that care ethics
7:51is not an alternative to tral approaches
7:54it's a complement to it so recap Care
7:57eics by focusing on emotions
7:59relationships and interdependence
8:02challenged the traditional approaches to
8:03morality which was exclusively focusing
8:06on abstract moral
8:08rules despite the criticism K thingss
8:11does make sense why because it's a
8:13wonderful compliment to deontology and
8:16consequentialism so now that we have
8:18explored the nuances of care ethics let
8:20me leave with a small question and the
8:23question is how do you think care ethics
8:25can help in our daily lives when it
8:28comes to ethical decision making
8:29do share your thoughts in the comment
8:31section so long happy learning