Full transcript
0:00[Music]
0:02welcome to learner's mate in this video
0:06we are going to discuss the Muhammad
0:08vahana's Dynasty as well as career and
0:11achievements of karvela
0:13so let's learn
0:16inscription mentions that karbala
0:19belonged to the Muhammad vahana family
0:21of the chedi clan
0:23the cheddies were originally ruling in
0:25madhyadisa or magadh and it has been
0:28suggested that a branch of this royal
0:30family of the hori ambiguity came to
0:33Kalinga and established its sway over it
0:36we do not know when they migrated to
0:39Kalinga but from the hatagumpa
0:41inscription it becomes apparent that
0:43carvela was the third member of the
0:45kalingan cheddes
0:49karvela is introduced as Arena
0:52maharajana Muhammad vahinena and
0:54chitarajva swadinena
0:56each part of the expression has admitted
0:59of controversies
1:01barua reads era as Veera meaning hero
1:04but explains it as a royal title Ira
1:07meaning Swami master or Lord
1:10is considered to be the grandfather of
1:13karvela the founder of the Dynasty in
1:16Kalinga which came to be known as
1:18Muhammad vahana after his name
1:21like the satavahanas of the South
1:24muhammadvana dynasty was established in
1:27Kalinga
1:28the manchupuri cave inscription
1:30describes karvela's son as Maharaja
1:32Kalinga dhakti Muhammad
1:35another inscription at guntupalli in
1:38West godavari District of Andhra Pradesh
1:42in 1st Century BC in the same brahmi
1:45script and prakrit language refers to
1:47Muhammad
1:52has been interpreted as one who
1:55increases the glory of the city Dynasty
1:58the latest view in the regard is that
2:00Chait Raja was the father of karvela
2:03karvela the son of sitaraja was the
2:07third ruler Muhammad vahana Dynasty also
2:09known as Kalinga rajwansa the hathi
2:12gumpa inscription precisely records his
2:15career and achievements up to 13 years
2:18of his reign
2:22as a prince
2:24the inscription opens with a salutation
2:27to the Jannah Saints and then gives us
2:30some ideas about the childhood and the
2:33Boyhood of karvela before accession to
2:35the throne
2:36it is said that he was born with
2:39auspicious physical marks and Noble
2:41qualities which were indicative of his
2:44future greatness as a ruler
2:46till the 15th year he spent his time in
2:50different types of sports and games
2:52during this period he also acquired
2:55knowledge in different branches of
2:57learning which were essential for
3:00discharging Royal Duty such as writing
3:02or correspondence lekha Finance currency
3:06Rupa arithmetic Gunna and law blthl and
3:10vivahara
3:12as a prince carvela underwent training
3:15in the art of warfare ghanuridhya music
3:18and dance gandhar Vidya and religion
3:21in the 15th year he became the Crown
3:24Prince and started probation in the
3:26Practical field of administration
3:29at the age of 24 he was crowned King by
3:33assuming the title Kalinga dipti and
3:35gave his subjects a sound Administration
3:39as a ruler
3:41after describing his early life up to
3:44the age of 24 the hertigumpa inscription
3:47chronologically recounts the events of
3:50his 13-year reign
3:52first regular year his Capital has been
3:55renovated
3:57in his first year as Regent he engaged
4:00in renovation work repairing the gates
4:03and structures of his Capital
4:04kalinganagara which had been destroyed
4:07by a fierce cyclone
4:09he hired laborers to dig a deep lake and
4:13create lovely Gardens
4:15in the same year these repairs and other
4:18Public Works cost him 35 lakhs of coins
4:21from the royal exchicker
4:23this fact has been antely corroborated
4:26by the shishupalgad excavation which
4:29uncovered remnants of defensive ramparts
4:31gateways and high Rovers
4:34second retinal year Expedition against
4:37the king of satavahana
4:39karvela commanded a sizable Army that
4:42included infantry Cavalry and elephant
4:45force and chariots
4:47after making adequate preparations he
4:51launched an expedition against
4:52shatakarnia the powerful satwahan King
4:55in the second year of his rule
4:58ruled a vast Empire that included what
5:02is now Northern Maharashtra Western
5:04madhya Pradesh and the Andhra region
5:08Army Advanced to the Krishna River and
5:11besieged rishit nagra which was clearly
5:13within satavahana territory
5:16third regnal year the amusement of his
5:19subjects
5:20in the third year following the sudden
5:22campaign carvela entertained his
5:25subjects
5:26in his third Reginald year kalinganagri
5:29karvelas Capital was overcome with joy
5:33and jubilation
5:35possessed a Mastery of all forms of
5:38Music and Dance
5:39he organized a variety of performances
5:42that combined dance and music both vocal
5:46and instrumental
5:48he also organized ceremonials and social
5:51Gatherings for the entertainment of his
5:53subjects which included feasting and
5:56Mary Making
5:58fourth regnal year campaign in the south
6:01in the fourth regnal year the Kalinga
6:04wardram Was Heard once more
6:07carvela rallied his forces and marched
6:10back towards the Deccan
6:12the ratikas and gojkas territories to
6:14the south and north of the nasik region
6:17were conquered
6:20honored karvela with homage and booty
6:24fifth regnal year Canal extension from
6:27tansuya to kalinganagri
6:29the fifth year of karvelas rain reflects
6:32his role as a benevolent King
6:35karvela extended the canal from the
6:37tansulia road to kalinganadri in this
6:40year
6:41this canal was dug 300 or 103 Years Ago
6:46by King Nanda a Nanda King for
6:48irrigation purposes
6:51sixth regnal year tax is limited
6:54carvela did not wage war in the sixth
6:57year of his Reign instead devoting
6:59himself to his subject's welfare
7:02he absolved his Kingdom's urban and
7:05rural areas of taxes and benevolences
7:08this demonstrates unequivocally that
7:11curvila's treasury was brimming with
7:13wealth
7:14as a benevolent ruler he took on the
7:17responsibility of remitting taxes to his
7:20adoring subjects in order to win their
7:22hearts
7:24seventh regnal year acquiring fatherhood
7:27carvilla became a father in the seventh
7:30year of his reign
7:32this queen dubbed the queen of waziragra
7:35gave birth to a son
7:37eighth regnal year northward Expedition
7:41karvela LED an expedition to the north
7:44in the eighth year of his Reign
7:46attacking the city of rajagraha and
7:49destroying gorthagiri which was located
7:51on the Barbara Hill in the Gaya District
7:54his victory at rajag riha instilled fear
7:57in the yavnas who occupied mathura at
8:00the time
8:01they had a plan to attack magadh
8:04following their success in that region
8:06hearing of karvelas exploits the yavana
8:09king fled mathura the yavana ruler whose
8:13name is uncertainly read as dimita or
8:16dinta could be Demetrius or minanda as
8:19several Scholars have speculated
8:22he had amassed considerable booty during
8:24that Northern War camping
8:27ninth regnal year establishment of the
8:30great Victory Palace
8:32in the ninth year of his Reign he spent
8:3538 lakhs of coins to construct the great
8:38Victory Palace mahavijaya prasadan to
8:41commemorate his victory in the northern
8:43campaign
8:44he had also distributed The Spoils of
8:47his exploits among his Empires brahmanas
8:50and our hearts
8:5210th regular Year campaign in Northern
8:55India
8:56in the 10th year karvela the embodiment
8:59of political diplomatic and peace
9:01principles directed The Army toward
9:04North India in search of Conquest but
9:07the outcome was obscure
9:0911th regnal year Expedition against the
9:13Confederacy of the South
9:15he defeated A Confederacy of Southern
9:18powers in his 11th year
9:20the southern Powers Confederacy included
9:23the cholas padyas serpurias keral putras
9:27and tamraparnis
9:29he amassed a sizable collection of
9:31jewels pearls and precious stones as a
9:34token of his Allegiance
9:37draft regnal Year campaign against
9:39brihaspati Mitra
9:41karvela led a campaign against
9:44brihaspati Mitra madad Sundar ruler with
9:47a vast Army in the 12th regnal year
9:50he dealt a crushing defeat to both the
9:53madhan andha Kings
9:56in reverence and respect to karvela by
10:00defeating brihaspati Mitra he reclaimed
10:03the Kalinga Gina the revered image of
10:06Kalinga as a trophy for his victory
10:08which had been taken 300 or 103 years
10:12earlier by Ananda King most likely
10:15mahapatmananda
10:17additionally he brought a vast wealth
10:20from Anga and magadh indeed karvela
10:24Avenged the kalingan's defeat at the
10:26hands of the Nanda King who had stolen
10:28kalinga's Gina image
10:30the scene of basatimitas surrender at
10:33the feet of karvela is depicted in
10:36udayagiri's ranigumpa
10:38a scene from The manchupuri Cave depicts
10:41karvilas installation of Kalinga jeena
10:44following his victory over the madhan
10:46king the NADA king of central India and
10:49the pandya king of South India
10:51recognized karvelas suzerainti
10:54the Naga King presented him with jewels
10:57elephants horses and deer
11:00Additionally the pandian king sent him
11:02jewels as a token of his loyalty
11:0513th regnal year cave Construction
11:09probably abandoned military activities
11:12in the 13th year of his Reign and
11:15devoted himself to religious Pursuits
11:18he constructed 117 Caves at Kumari
11:22parvata udayagiri for Jana Monk's other
11:25monks shears and our hearts
11:28this was his distinguished service to
11:31the Jannah and other monks
11:33he resurrected the ancient Kalinga
11:36mukhyakala art and architecture which
11:39were on the verge of Extinction
11:42in that year he constructed images of
11:45jonathyrthankara's priests creepers and
11:48images of Royal servants in various
11:50caves of udegri and khandagiri
11:53the date of karvela the date of karvela
11:57is highly debatable
12:00using Clues from the hatigumpa
12:03inscription
12:04Ashoka captured the kingdom of Kalinga
12:07in 260 to 262 BC
12:11the hathi gumpa inscription suggests
12:13that shortly after ashoka's death
12:16kalingar regained its independence from
12:18the maurya Empire and karvela was born
12:21in an independent Kalinga in 1885 the
12:26colonial era epigrapher bhagwan Lal
12:28indraji interpreted the 16th line of the
12:31hathi gumpa inscription as a reference
12:33to maurya kala and the 165th year after
12:37this new timeline which he termed the
12:40mauryan era
12:41according to indraji karvela was born in
12:45127 BCE and ascended to the throne in
12:49103 BC
12:51Scholars questioned indraji's
12:53interpretations which have been largely
12:56rejected
12:57according to sudhakar chattopadhya the
13:0016th line does not mention mauryakala
13:03maurya era but reads mukhyakala
13:06the description of karvela's fifth
13:09regnal year in the hathi gumpa
13:11inscription according to chattopadhya
13:13implies that karbala flourished tiwasita
13:16years after the nandraja
13:23or one of his sons
13:26the term tivasa can mean either 103 or
13:30300 years however chettopadhya does not
13:33accept the former interpretation because
13:36it would contradict ashoka's records
13:39he dates karvela to the second half of
13:42the first century BC or the first half
13:44of the first century sea based on this
13:47evidence
13:48according to this inscription karvela
13:51defeated madadhan King basiti Mita in
13:54the 12th year of his reignitra
13:57Mitra was suffixed by the rulers of the
14:00Sungha Dynasty which arose in magadh
14:03following the disintegration of the
14:05mauryan empire in 187 BC and ruled until
14:1040 to 30 BC
14:12was the Dynasty's first ruler reigning
14:16from 187 BC to 151 BC certain Scholars
14:21incorrectly associate Pusha Mitra with
14:24brihaspati Mitra
14:25Usha mitra's son Agni Mitra succeeded
14:28him as the hero of kalidas drama malvik
14:31naginimitram
14:33following Agri Mitra the sanghas became
14:35freeing
14:37karvela most lightly defeated a later
14:39Sunda King known as brihaspati Mitra
14:42as a result his invasion of mother could
14:46have occurred sometime between
14:48151 and 1940 BC
14:52another indication of karvela's rain
14:54date is the statement in the hatagumpa
14:57inscription that in the fifth year of
14:59his Reign carvilla renovated a canal dog
15:02by a Nanda Nanda Raja 103 or 300 years
15:06previously
15:09According to some Scholars the Nanda
15:12Raja is identical to mahapada nananda
15:14the powerful founder king of magad's
15:17Nanda Dynasty and tibasita is there 100
15:20years
15:21in order to proceed in this direction we
15:24must know the precise year of mahapatma
15:27nanda's Reigns Inception
15:29using 345 BC as the year of
15:32mahapadmanandas canal dick in n k sahu
15:36dates curvilas coronation to 1940 BC
15:40kedarnath mahapatra fixes the year of
15:43curvilas Coronation at 100 BC based on
15:46quranic sources that state nandas ruled
15:49for 100 years
15:51using 424 BC
15:55as the start of Nanda Rule and the
15:57basata as 300 years kedarnath mahapatra
16:01fixes 100 BC as the year of karvilas
16:04coronation
16:06the religion of karvela the hathi gumpa
16:10inscription begins with a refined
16:12greeting to arihans and siddhas
16:14in the Jain pachana mascara Mantra in
16:17addition to the arihans and siddhas
16:19three additional creatures are invoked
16:23other portions of the hathi gumpa
16:25inscription and the minor inscriptions
16:28discovered at udayagiri from the 1st
16:30Century BC contained Jain words
16:33he is consequently commonly referred to
16:36as a Jain King
16:38other researchers such as Paul Dundas
16:41acknowledge that he was either a Jain or
16:44an ancient King who favored Jainism and
16:47was lauded in an inscription at a Jain
16:49Monument
16:51however the hathi gumpa inscription
16:53expressly states that he respected all
16:56religious sects savasana and repaired
16:59temples dedicated to various gods
17:02the verses of the hathi gumpa
17:04inscription provides several reasons to
17:06question karvelas allegiance to the Jain
17:09tenet of ahinsa according to Dundas the
17:13recurrent references to violence and
17:15warfare in the inscription indicate that
17:17carvela did not entirely adhere to the
17:20Jain doctrine of ahensah helmet one
17:24glass nap asserts that he was a Jane who
17:26favored all of his subjects especially
17:29Jones
17:30the successor of karvela
17:33kulky and rather meant both claimed
17:35curvilas Kingdom indicate that the
17:37history of ancient India after Ashoka
17:40and karvela is obscure
17:42given the absence of significant
17:45inscriptions by his successors it is
17:48hypothesized that the karvela Empire
17:50dissolved shortly after his death
17:53little is known about the next two
17:56generations of monarchs Bakr Deva also
17:59known as kudepassiri or vagdepa and
18:02vaduka but minor inscriptions at
18:04udaygiri provide some information
18:08so this is the end of this video If you
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18:25beautiful day
18:27foreign
18:29[Music]