Full transcript
0:08[music]
0:09Hello students, today we start our
0:12course information communication
0:14technologies for students of uh
0:16economical specialities and the topic of
0:20first lecture is ICT and digital
0:23transformation of society, ICT tools and
0:26applications in economics, information
0:29technology, ies for solving economics
0:32problems.
0:34Uh the lecture plan there are four
0:37questions and first question is is the
0:41core definition of ICT key components of
0:45ICT systems digital transformation in
0:48economic uh major ICT tools using in
0:52economical economics and business. And
0:55uh the last question is uh Microsoft
0:58Excel to solve economic and financial
1:01problems.
1:03The first question on the first question
1:06uh we see uh the definition of ICT it is
1:10an umbrella term that defines all
1:13digital tools, devices and uh networks
1:17used to create, process, store, transmit
1:21and manage information.
1:23uh it acts uh as the backbone of modern
1:27digital infrastructure by merging
1:30computing hardward hardware and software
1:33with uh telecommunication systems.
1:37ICT includes uh five components. Uh
1:42first it is computers. Uh second
1:45internet, communication networks, mobile
1:49technologies,
1:50data systems
1:53and uh we start
1:55>> [sighs and gasps]
1:56>> uh
1:58describe key components of ICT uh
2:01systems.
2:02An ICT system consists of five major
2:05components. First it is hardware. Second
2:09software. Uh next uh uh networks, data
2:14uh storage and cyber security.
2:21Uh what is it? Hardware. uh hardware
2:25uh includes all physical devices uh used
2:29uh for information processing and
2:32communication
2:34and examples of uh hardware uh are
2:38computers, servers, sensors, uh
2:42smartphones and rotors. In economics,
2:46high performance uh served support
2:49financial markets by processing
2:52transactions within milliseconds.
2:57Uh the next
2:59component it is a software. Uh software
3:03consists of programs and applications
3:06that enables uh users to perform
3:09specific task. System software includes
3:13operating systems. Uh while application
3:16software includes uh sheets, database,
3:20accounting systems,
3:22uh mobile applications, indust
3:25industrial control software and for
3:28example in economic uh we have uh CAP,
3:33ER, ERP uh systems uh which help uh
3:39organize, integrate finance, logistics
3:43and human resources management into a
3:46single digital environment.
3:50Uh the next component it is uh networks
3:53and communication systems.
3:56Uh communication network connect users
4:00organizations
4:01devices across local and global
4:05environments.
4:06uh technologies such as the internet,
4:09Wi-Fi, mobile networks, fiber optic
4:13communications
4:15uh are in networks and communications uh
4:18component system and uh in global
4:22business communication networks uh
4:25support international uh trade remote
4:28collaboration and digital uh services.
4:31Without reliable uh networks, modern
4:35digital economics uh could not uh
4:38function effectually effectively.
4:41Uh the next component is data storage
4:45and cyber security.
4:48Uh data uh has become one of the most
4:51viable economic resource. organizations
4:54store information in databases, cloud
4:58platforms and data centers. At the same
5:02time, cyber security has become a
5:06strategic priority
5:09uh because uh cyber security merges
5:13protect uh confidential information
5:17uh financial assets and intellectual
5:20property from cyber attacks.
5:26And after this uh question we have
5:29review questions uh four review
5:31questions and students uh can answer
5:34these questions. First it is what are
5:37the main components of an ICT systems?
5:40Uh second what is it the role of
5:42hardware in ICT systems? Uh third why
5:46are communication networks important in
5:49ICT? Why is cyber security necessary in
5:53modern technological systems?
5:57These questions uh helps you students uh
6:00to understand what's the main effect of
6:04ICT in society and in economic sphere.
6:10Uh the next question it is a digital
6:12transformation.
6:15uh digital transformation refers to the
6:18integration of digital uh technologies
6:21into all aspects uh of economic
6:24activity. It change how or uh how
6:28organizations
6:29uh create value, interact with customers
6:34and uh compete in the marketplace.
6:39uh if we see in this picture uh we have
6:42two types of economy. First it is the
6:45industrial and second the digital
6:48economy. In industry uh economy
6:52um we have uh physical assets such as
6:56factories
6:57uh machine uh warehouse and uh
7:01transportation. In digital economy uh
7:05digital economy relies on data uh cloud
7:09technologies digital platforms and
7:12information system.
7:16Uh the next picture
7:19uh you see the engine of growth and uh
7:24ICT. Uh we compare ICT sector with uh
7:30economy growth.
7:32uh and uh in this uh slide uh
7:37we see that uh digital economy
7:42ICT sector uh have the major uh factor
7:48in all economy
7:51and uh ICT sector has become one of the
7:54main drivers of economic growth and
7:57growing much faster than the overall
8:00economy during the last decades. Uh you
8:04see uh in uh this uh diagram uh from uh
8:102019 and uh last decade to 2023.
8:17Uh we have the peak uh uh the OECD
8:22average growth rate uh for the ICT
8:25sector uh for 7 uh.6 six uh percentage
8:31and the next slide uh the next slide we
8:35see the autonomy of information
8:38technologies.
8:40Uh this uh diagram illustrates the uh
8:44basic information processing cycle uh
8:47used in information technology systems.
8:50It consists of uh four steps or stages.
8:53Uh first it is input uh second
8:56processing uh third uh storage uh fourth
9:01it is output. What it means? First the
9:05process begins with the collection of uh
9:08row data from various sources.
9:13uh data can come from business
9:15transactions
9:16uh customer service, sensors, websites
9:21uh or uh financial reports.
9:24Uh the second uh stage it is processing.
9:29uh processing. During this stage uh uh
9:32calculations, storing, classification
9:36and statist and statistical analysis are
9:40performed to convert row data into
9:43useful information. For example, uh a
9:47bank uh processes
9:50uh transactions data to um calculate
9:55account balances and identify uh
9:58spending patterns.
10:00Uh on the first storage uh stage we have
10:04storage. What it means? Uh the processed
10:08information
10:10uh is uh then stored in databases
10:14uh service or cloud systems uh organized
10:18and accessible uh when uh needed. For
10:22example, in uh companies uh store
10:25customer records
10:27uh financial reports
10:29uh historical sales uh data for analysis
10:33and uh decision making.
10:36And the last uh output
10:39uh output uh it is the final stage
10:43uh the uh it presented uh of information
10:47of users. The results uh may appear as
10:52uh reports, charts, dashboards, forecast
10:56or financial statements.
10:59uh output uh health managers, economists
11:03and decision makers understand
11:05information and take appropriate
11:09actions.
11:12Next slide. Um on the next slide we see
11:15uh uh digitalization dividends. [sighs]
11:19Uh this diagram illustrate the benefits
11:23of uh digitalization for both business
11:26and society.
11:29It shows that uh digital technologies uh
11:33create value at the micro level and uh
11:37macro level. Uh for business
11:42uh it is a reduced operating cost
11:46uh increased uh productivity
11:49uh global mark markets
11:53uh faster decision making
11:56uh how it uh influence for society.
12:01First it is access to knowledge. Uh uh
12:05we have uh possibilities uh uh to have a
12:09new professions
12:11uh improved uh public services instant
12:15communications
12:17and if we compare business and society
12:20we have shared benefits. Uh shared
12:23benefit
12:25is a accelerate economic growth and uh
12:31continuous innovations.
12:34And after this uh topic we have uh
12:37review questions eight questions. Uh
12:40first you should know what is a digital
12:43transformation.
12:45Uh next what is the difference between
12:48industrial economy and digital economy?
12:52What benefits does uh digitalize provide
12:55for businesses? Uh how does uh
12:59digitalization
13:01help reduce operating cost? Uh why does
13:05digitalization
13:07increase productivity?
13:09What is uh meant by global market in the
13:13context of digitalization?
13:16How does digitalization
13:19uh contribute to faster uh decision
13:22making? And the last what benefits does
13:26digitalization provide for society.
13:31The next question it is major ICT tools
13:35used in economics and business.
13:41On this slide we see uh the four we see
13:46cycle and uh economists and businesses
13:50analysists use a variety of ICT tools
13:54including databases
13:56uh statistical
13:58software business intelligence system
14:02cloud platforms enterprise information
14:05systems and communication technologies.
14:09These tools support forecasting
14:13uh financial analysis
14:15uh market research and strategic
14:18planning. Modern organization
14:22increasingly
14:24uh rely on data analysis and art uh
14:28artificial intelligence to gain uh
14:31competitive advantages.
14:34And we see uh first input it is a market
14:38data uh second processing
14:42uh that's statistical analysis
14:45uh for example it may be excel uh where
14:49we can uh create uh predictive
14:52forecasting. Uh the second storage we
14:56can uh store economical
14:59uh responsibility uh uh repositions for
15:03example it may be SQL or cloud computing
15:09and the last output we have
15:14uh policy and strategy we can use uh
15:17Tableau or PowerBI
15:20uh to uh delivering KPI dashboards
15:24interactive visualization and executive
15:28reports.
15:31The next slide we see the economist
15:35teach STS.
15:37In this diagram we see or four main
15:40tools of four economists
15:44for example first it is Microsoft Excel
15:47second SQL it is database uh third it is
15:51powerbi
15:53and last it is cap er what it means uh
15:59first uh primary uh if we compare for
16:03three uh parameters first it is a
16:06primary function
16:08uh we see that that Microsoft Excel has
16:13uh statistical analysis tools to create
16:16statistical analysis and financial
16:19modeling.
16:22Second, SQL is used to store and manage
16:26large amount of economic and business
16:30data. It allows users to uh retrieve
16:34information efficiently through
16:37structured queries.
16:39Uh third, PowerBI
16:42uh transform data into interactive uh
16:45dashboards, charts and reports. This
16:48tool helps managers monitoring key uh
16:53performance indicators, KPIs and make
16:57datadriven
16:58decisions. And the last SAP ERP
17:05integrates business processing uh such
17:08as accounting, finance, human resource
17:13and supply chain management into a
17:17single system.
17:21The next slide we see the picture
17:26uh which illustrate the hierarchy of
17:30information system uh used in
17:34organization from daily operating to
17:37strategic decision making.
17:40Uh first TPS
17:43uh trans uh transaction processing
17:46system
17:48uh daily operator operation from the
17:51foundation of the uh pyramid. Uh they
17:55handle uh routine business activities
17:58such as sale transactions
18:01uh payments,
18:03inventory updates and customer records.
18:07TPC processes large volumes of row data
18:12every day. And the second
18:16MIS
18:18management information system
18:21use data from TPC to generate regular
18:25reports and uh summarize for managers.
18:30Uh this system helps monitor performance
18:34and support operational decision making.
18:38Uh next we see DSS decision support
18:43system
18:45provide analytical tools for requesting
18:49models and simulations.
18:52They help
18:54managers evaluate alternative and make
18:58inform informed business decisions.
19:02And the last ESS
19:05executive
19:07support system
19:10uh are located at the top of the
19:12pyramid. Uh they provide strategic
19:16information and long-term forecasts for
19:21uh executive supporting organizational
19:25planning and policy development.
19:30The next
19:33the next slide we see
19:37uh diagram
19:40shows that big data and cloud computing
19:44make information system faster uh more
19:48scalable and more efficient. They enable
19:53uh organization to collect realtime
19:57data, process massive data uh data sets
20:02and generate uh uh valuable insights for
20:06decision making. For example,
20:10a bank can use cloud computing to store
20:15uh millions of customer transactions,
20:19analyze uh spending patterns in real
20:23time and uh detect uh faults instantly.
20:29This improves decision making, reduces
20:33costs and enhances customer services.
20:40Uh on the next slide we see uh the
20:45figure
20:46which demonstrate what artificial
20:49intelligence enhances decision making by
20:53moving from uh simple data uh
20:56description to prediction and automated
21:00recommendations.
21:02AI helps organizations improve
21:07efficiently, reduce uncertainly and make
21:12uh and make uh uh smarter business
21:16decisions. Uh for example, in economic
21:21[snorts] a bank can use AI uh to analyze
21:25past transactions.
21:27it uh will be describe analytics.
21:31Predict the probability of loan uh
21:34defaults. It is predictive analytics and
21:38recommend uh where to approve or reject
21:43a loan applications. It is a perspective
21:47analytics.
21:49As a result, AI increases accuracy, uh,
21:54speeds up decision making and improves
21:58business performance.
22:04On the next slide, we see
22:08the diagram.
22:10Uh this diagram demonstrates that the
22:13digital economy is an interconnected
22:17system where data information
22:20technologies cloud computing artificial
22:24intelligent work together through to
22:27transform information into economical
22:31economic value and uh sustainable
22:34growth.
22:36For example,
22:39a commercial bank collects customer
22:42transaction data using databases.
22:46It will be foundation tools uh processes
22:51and analyzes this information through
22:54information systems uh by the
22:57mechanisms.
22:58It uh it is a IT processing cycle. uh it
23:03includes uh input processing, storage
23:07and output term roles market data into
23:12strategic actionable intelligence.
23:16Uh the next
23:20applies AI to predict customer needs and
23:24detect f is accelerator.
23:28Accelerator incl uh includes cloud and
23:32AI. Uh big data and machine learning
23:36remove uh friction and uh enabling real
23:41time predicting capabilities and uh zero
23:45uh marginal cost scaling.
23:49And the last it is the
23:52macro growth
23:55and uh ultimately
23:57uh improves profilities and customer uh
24:01satisfaction.
24:02Uh
24:05the integration of this enter digital uh
24:09nervous system is the ultimate engine uh
24:13driving global economic uh
24:16outperformance.
24:19Mhm.
24:21Uh after this uh topic we have eight
24:25questions.
24:27Uh first what are the four main stages
24:30of the economics information cycle?
24:34What types of data are collected during
24:37the input stages? What is the purpose of
24:40statistical analysis in the processing
24:43stage? Which IT uh ICT tools are
24:49mentioned for predictive forecasting?
24:52What information is stored in economic
24:55uh repositories?
24:58Why is data collection important for
25:01economic decision making? How does
25:04statistical analysis help economist
25:07understand market trends? And the last
25:11how can predictive forecasting support
25:14business planning?
25:17And the last question it is Microsoft
25:21Excel to solve economic and financial
25:25problems.
25:27Microsoft Excel remains one of the most
25:30widely used ICT tools in economic and
25:35finance.
25:36Its popularity is explained by its
25:40flexibility,
25:42accessibility and extensive analytical
25:45capabilities.
25:47Excel allows used to perform
25:51uh calculation, build financial models,
25:55analyze trends, create dashboards and
25:59visualize economic data. It is uh
26:04frequently used in banking, accounting,
26:07investment analysis and business
26:10planning.
26:17And on the last slide, we see the
26:21diagram. Uh this diagram shows what data
26:26visualization
26:28makes information easier to understand
26:31and analyze.
26:33Charts, graphs, data boards or
26:37dashboards help manager uh managers
26:41identify trends, compare performance and
26:45make informed decision quickly. For
26:49example, a comp uh a company can use a
26:53dashboard to monitor sales events,
26:57customer growth and market performance.
27:00By visualization, data managers can uh
27:05quickly identify opportunities
27:08uh detect problems and develop effective
27:11business strategies.
27:17And last questions after using uh
27:22Microsoft Excel. Uh first it is what do
27:26the terms for a cast and optimize refer
27:30to? Uh how does data move from input to
27:35output?
27:37What role to uh spreadsheets play in
27:40data analysis?
27:42What does the term ub uh ubiquity mean
27:47in the context of data analysis? And the
27:50last why is uh spreadsheet profency
27:54considered an essential um competency
27:58for financial professionals.
28:05And on the uh end of lecture I want to
28:09see you uh show you uh video. In this
28:13video uh
28:16uh we introduce with information and ICT
28:21technologies what it means.
28:24And now you can show.
28:27>> Hey there. You know you use this thing
28:28from the second you wake up until the
28:30moment your head hits the pillow. But I
28:32bet you don't even have a name for it.
28:34We're talking about ICT and it's
28:36basically the invisible operating system
28:37that powers our entire modern world. And
28:40today, well, we're going to make it
28:41visible. Just think about your morning
28:43for a second. What's that invisible
28:45thread that connects, say, the alarm on
28:47your phone, the map app that helps you
28:49dodge traffic, and that very first email
28:51you check? Well, the answer is this
28:54massive hidden network we all use all
28:56the time. And yep, you guessed it. That
28:59network is ICT. All right, so let's dive
29:02right in. The full name, information and
29:05communication technology. It sounds a
29:07bit formal, kind of stuffy, doesn't it?
29:09But honestly, when you break it down,
29:10it's super simple. So, that's what we're
29:13going to do. We're going to take it one
29:14letter at a time and see how it all just
29:16clicks. Okay, first up is the I, and
29:20that stands for information. Now, this
29:22isn't just a jumble of random numbers or
29:24words. Think of it like this, a long
29:26list of phone numbers. That's just data.
29:29It's kind of useless on its own. But
29:30when you organize that data into a
29:32contact list, you know, with names and
29:34maybe even photos, bam, that's
29:35information. It's data that's been given
29:37a job, a purpose, it's the what? The
29:40actual stuff we want to share. Next,
29:42we've got C for communication. This is
29:45the action part, right? It's the
29:47sharing. It's you hitting send on a text
29:49message. It's a satellite beaming a GPS
29:52signal down to your car. Communication
29:54is basically the bridge that gets that
29:56information from point A to point B. And
29:58finally, we have T for technology. This
30:01is the how. It's all the tools, the nuts
30:04and bolts that do the heavy lifting.
30:05We're talking about the physical stuff
30:07you can touch, like the smartphone in
30:08your hand or the massive servers in a
30:10data center, but also the digital stuff,
30:12you know, the apps and the software that
30:14[clears throat] make everything work.
30:15Technology is what makes the sharing of
30:17information even possible. Okay, so
30:20we've looked at the individual building
30:22blocks. Now, let's put them all back
30:24together and see how they create this
30:25incredibly powerful system we call ICT.
30:29So, just to recap, we've got
30:31information, that's the what. We've got
30:33communication, that's the sharing, and
30:35we've got technology, that's the how.
30:37And when you put those three things
30:39together, well, that's when you really
30:41start to see the big picture. And boom,
30:43there you have it. Information and
30:45communication technology. It's the
30:47entire ecosystem. We're talking the
30:49under the sea cables, the satellites way
30:51up in orbit, the phone in your pocket,
30:53the software running on it. It's the
30:55whole shebang. All of it working
30:56together so we can create, manage, and
30:58share information. It's not just one
31:00piece. It's the entire massive
31:03interconnected system. You know, any ICT
31:06system, whether it's huge or tiny,
31:08really boils down to four key parts.
31:10You've got your hardware, your software,
31:12and your data. But check out that last
31:15one, people. That is absolutely the most
31:18crucial part. Seriously, this technology
31:20is just a pile of plastic and code
31:22without us. We're the ones who give it
31:24purpose, who create the information and
31:26who use it all to connect with each
31:27other. So, I'm sure you've heard the
31:30term IT, right? Information technology.
31:33A lot of people wonder what's the
31:35difference. And it's actually pretty
31:36simple. Think of it as focusing on the
31:38technology itself. You know, managing
31:40the computers, the software, the data
31:43systems. ICT is a much bigger umbrella.
31:46It includes all of it, but it puts a
31:48huge emphasis on that C, the
31:50communication. ICT is all about how we
31:52send that information out and connect
31:54with one another. All right, so we've
31:56defined the term, but definitions can be
31:58a little, you know, abstract. Let's
32:00bring this down to earth and look at the
32:02massive realworld impact that ICT has on
32:05every single one of us every single day.
32:08I mean, just think about it for a
32:09second. How has ICT changed our world?
32:12Education totally transformed by online
32:15learning. business, it runs on
32:16e-commerce and remote work now.
32:18Healthcare, you can literally see a
32:20doctor through your phone. And
32:21entertainment, streaming movies, gaming
32:23with people across the globe, even how
32:25you interact with the government is all
32:27digital now. It's all powered by ICT. It
32:30is quite literally everywhere. And
32:33what's really wild is just how fast all
32:35of this has happened. I mean, look at
32:37the gaps here. It took 70 years to get
32:39from the telephone to the first
32:41computer, then another 40 years until
32:43the internet was born. But then just 25
32:45years to take all of that power and
32:47shrink it down to fit in our pockets.
32:50The pace isn't just fast. It's
32:52accelerating like crazy. And the result
32:54of all that acceleration, well, it's
32:57this number. 5.35
32:59billion people. That's how many of us
33:02are actively using the internet right
33:03now. We're talking more than half of the
33:05entire human race, all plugged into this
33:08one global system, sharing information
33:10in an instant. The scale, it's just
33:12staggering. It's almost impossible to
33:13really wrap your head around. You know,
33:16that brings us to what I think is the
33:17perfect metaphor for all this. ICT has
33:20basically become the nervous system of
33:22our modern society. It's what carries
33:25all the essential signals, all that
33:27information that allows our global
33:29society to function, to learn, and to
33:31connect just like the nerves in our own
33:33bodies. It's what allows those 5 billion
33:35people to act almost as a single
33:37connected organism. So, there you have
33:39it. We've kind of pulled back the
33:41curtain and made this invisible network
33:43visible. We now know what ICT is, how
33:46it's put together, and how it shapes
33:47almost every part of our lives. But all
33:50of this leads to one final and I think
33:52really important question. Look, we've
33:54built this absolutely incredible global
33:56nervous system that connects billions of
33:58us. But at the end of the day, the
34:00technology is just a tool. So the real
34:02question isn't a technical one at all.
34:03It's a human one. Now that we are all
34:05this connected, what should we do with
34:07that connection? Our
34:14lecture is finished now. Thank you for
34:16your attention. I hope you understood
34:19our lecture and it will it was uh useful
34:22for you. Goodbye.