Full transcript
0:01Okay. So, hello grade 10. Welcome to our next lesson. Lesson number five. It's about modern biotechnology. So, ito na po mga anak para sa lahat ng nagre-request ng upload dahil may mga report daw. Okay. So, sabi sa akin pa is wala daw silang references. So, ako naman ay naawa. Okay. So, ito na po
0:22though ito yung week number five pa. We are in week 3 pa no? So, meron na din naman akong na-upload sa week number four. So pagbibigyan ka na na ano. Ayan. So I hope this lesson will uh help you understand modern biotechnology in a simple and easy to understand ano po. So I am Sir Wawi your ever curious science
0:43buddy. Don't forget to like, share and subscribe para lagi kang updated sa mga susunod pa nating science lesson. Okay? And then konting advertisement patalas. Pa-follow naman din po ako sa aking TikTok account Sir Wawi Studios. Para doun sa mga gustong mag-message at mag-avail ng PowerPoint. Yan po diyan niyo po ako mame-message kasi wala po
1:04akong Facebook. So are you already grade 10? Ayan. So for our learning competency, use information from secondary sources to identify examples of modern biotechnology. So naka-focus tayo ngayon sa modern biotechnology such as genetically modified organisms or yung tinatawag nating GMO and then the
1:26process of invitro fertilization ano po. Okay? And for the learning objectives, define modern biotechnology. Though may idea na kayo kasi we already had an introduction on biotechnology. So alam niyo na yan kung ano ang modern biotechnology. Ano then differentiate traditional and modern biotechnology. We
1:46will still recall, okay, yung ating ideas about traditional and then we will compare traditional to modern bio technology. Then identify examples of genetically modified organisms. So GMO is one of the product, okay, or one of the result of modern biotechnology. So
2:06magbibigay din tayo ng mga sample organism or yung tinatawag nating mga GMOs later. Okay? And then describe biotechnology process such as invitro fertilization. So magfo-focus din tayo about invitro fertilization a type of modern biotechnology and then use information from secondary sources to identify applications of modern
2:28biotechnology. Okay. So for essential questions for today, this is what we need to answer at the end of our lesson. What is modern biotechnology and how is it different from traditional biotechnology? How has biotechnology improved human life? Okay. So sige. So before that let's have a
2:49content vocabulary modern biotechnology. So for the instruction find the hidden words in the poster and then raise your hand when you find a word then uh the first student to correctly identify a hidden word will earn a point. Okay? So tingnan natin. So meron akong ipu-flush ifa-flush na poster and then ah kumuha din kayo ng
3:11notebook kung nanonood kayo. Pero kung sa klase pwede namang pa-raise your hand na lang. So dito kuha kayo ng notebook mga anak and then try to list. Okay. List all the words na makikita natin doun sa poster. Is that clear? Okay. So sige. So this is the poster. So tingnan natin. Okay. So isulat natin yung mga
3:31words na nakikita natin ngayon sa poster. So I will give you 1 minute. Okay? So pwedeng i-pause yung video. Ayan. So, are you done? So, sige, let's proceed. So, if you are done listing all the words that you see on the poster, sige gagamitin natin yan to answer the following case questions. Ayan. So, sige
3:55nga. An organisms with change DNA. Ano kaya iyung organism? Just a guess. Okay. What do you think an organisms with change DNA? Correct. It's GMO. So ang tawag natin sa mga organisms na may nabago, okay? Na-change yung kanilang DNA through the use of science and technology syempre ay tinatawag nating
4:16GMO or genetically modified organism. Okay? What about this one? Fertilization outside the body. ' ba karaniwan 'yung fertilization when the sperm cell and exel unite it happens okay inside okay the mother's womb or sa at sa loob talaga inside ' ba okay pero ano yung
4:37tawag natin fertilization outside the body okay lalo sa tao ano po okay it's in vitro fertilization or IVF pero may sa karaniwan sa atin sa paligid let's say sa mga isda okay may mga instances na ang fertilization nila nangyayari outside. Okay? Pero sa ang ating focus kasi ngayon sa tao muna ano dito sa
4:59question na 'to. So clarify ko lang ' ba hindi naman kasi lahat ng ah fertilization nangyayari inside. Okay? May mga natural way of fertilization din na nangyayari outside katulad ng sa mga isda ano po. Okay? Or other type organism. Okay. So in the case of humans, ag nangyari yung fertilization
5:21is outside, okay? Ang tawag natin doon is IVF or invitro fertilization. Okay? Sige. So the molecule that carries genetic information, ano naman yyung molecule na nagdadala or nagbibitbit daw ng genetic information? Correct. It's DNA or also known as dioxy ribonic acid.
5:42Okay. Next. A segment of DNA that controls traits. Ano naman yung segment daw ng DNA? Okay, which controls the trait or a segment of a particular trait. Correct? It's a gene. Okay. Next. Precisely changing specific genes. Okay. Changing specific genes. Precisely
6:03changing. Okay. Ang tawag natin po doon ay gene editing. Okay. Pag-e-edit. Ano? I-edit pala yung gene ano. Okay. So, next, changing an organism's DNA. Okay. Pag babaguhin natin yung DNA ng isang organism. Okay. So ito po when we say changing or modification of DNA, ang tawag natin diyan is genetic
6:24engineering. One of the most common type of a modern biotechnology. Next, growing plant cells in a laboratory. Kung meron tayong invitro fertilization sa tao, what about this? Ito naman yung nangyayari sa mga halaman. growing plant cells wherein yung cells gagamitin to produce okay let's say bulk of plants or same bulk of
6:46plants na same doun sa parent okay so hindi mo na kailangang mag-antay ng maraming panahon or days para patubuin yung isang ah ah what do you call the salaman or mag-antay ng sobrang daming taon para ah mamunga yan ng napakahitik okay so through this okay we can get the
7:06desired um outcome that we want. So ito ano po kaya ito? It's known as tissue culture. Correct? So those are the words. Okay? Doon iikot iyung ating discussion ngayong araw. So hopefully is Okay, hindi pa natin yun nafully discuss kumbaga ah intro muna parang [tawanan] ayan parang warp up. Ayan. So sige
7:28modern biotechnology DNA genans and new technology. So explain the difference between traditional and modern biotechnology. and describe the role of DNA and genes in modern biotechnology. So before we proceed on the different types okay of modern biotechnology so sort of compare muna natin yung ating modern and traditional. So sige when we
7:51say traditional biotechnology it uses natural process. Natural process. Natural processes or biological processes happened in most of the microorganisms or organism ba. So hindi na natin kailangang baguhin. Okay? Kumbaga ah 'yung mga micro ginagamit natin 'yung mga microorganism to produce
8:11a particular product or substance kasi part na 'yun okay ng biological process ng mga microorganism. Kahit wala na tayong ah hindi tayo mag-interfer doon. Okay? Yung napo-produce nung mga microorganism na yon is part na ng kanilang biological process. Samantalang in modern biotechnology hindi pwedeng
8:32hayaan lang kasi in this type of biotechnology we use this DNA and gene technology. Okay? So dito sa modern biotechnology gumagamit na tayo dito ng DNA. May manipulation na dito na tinatawag. Okay? May human intervention na. Okay? Talaga hindi na siya natural ano po. And one of the most common okay
8:55kung ang modern biotechnology ang pinaka-common type ng biotechnology under niya is genetic engineering, sa traditional ay fermentation naman. Okay? So meron din tayong traditional biotechnology like iyung selective breeding. So hindi naman natin nabanggit yan ' ba nung nagdi-discuss tayo ng traditional technology ah biotechnology.
9:15Okay, traditional biotechnology hindi natin nabanggit 'yung selective breeding. Okay 'di ba? Pero siya ay traditional biotechnology. So bibigyan ko lang kayo ng pinakaoverview kung ano ba yung selective breeding na tinatawag. Bakit siya naging traditional. So mga anak, ang selective breeding nating tinatawag eh yun yung pagma-manipulate okay ng mga tao para
9:37makuha 'yung isang desired trait. Okay? Para makuha niyo 'yung isang desired trait. Tandaan natin pag selective breeding yan ay changing okay changes the genetic composition of a particular population indirectly through reproduction and selective breeding. For example, ang mga tao let's say um sa aso
9:58na lang. Okay, pinakasimplehan simplehan natin nung unang panahon, okay, iba wala pa talaga yung mga variety of ah dogs, right? Okay? And then halimbawa, gusto ng mga tao, may nakita yung mga tao na traits na maganda sa aso. Let's say yung mabilis tumakbo. Okay? Yung pinakasimpleng traits na lang ha. Okay nakita ng mga tao na ah 'yung dog na
10:19'yun maganda 'yung trabilis tumakbo. Okay? Ang ginawa ng mga tao 'yung dog na 'yon pinag-breed nila or pinag-mate nila dun sa parehas na katangian niya. Okay ' ba? Kung wala parang select na breeding hindi na natin binigyan ng chance yung asong yon na makipag-breed sa iba. Kumbaga tayo na mismo yung pumili ng
10:41magiging mate niya. Okay. And then syempre nung nag-meet yung aso na mabilis tumakbo, then aso na mabilis tumakbo, for sure sa mga anak nila may mga ganng trait pero hindi 100% na ganon. So ang gagawin na naman ng mga tao dun sa mga anak kung sino yung may trait na ganon yun naman yung kanilang ip ipagme-mate doon sa mabilis tumakbo
11:04hanggang lahat ng mga dogs ay makuha na yung ganng trait. Ang tawag natin don ay selective breeding. Though minanipulate natin, it's a natural process pa din. Kasi wala naman tayong ginawa doong editing. Editing of DNA wala 'di ba? Okay? Kumbaga tayo lang 'yung nag-control. Okay? So it's an ancient
11:24practice din. Okay? Ancient practice or dati ng ginagawa. At hindi lang yun nangyayari. Hindi lang nangyayari ang selective bleeding sa mga hayop even sa mga plants like for example sa mga corn. Okay. Sa mga corn, meron tayong mga uh bunch of corn, okay? Nag-ani, nag-harvest. Okay. Ang mga farmers ang gagawin nila through selective breeding.
11:46So lahat ng mga good quality na corn, yun lang yung pagkukuhanan nila ng binhi. Okay? Yung mga core na hindi naman ayos or mga parang mga hindi nakapasa, quality baga, okay, hindi nila yun pagkukuhanan ng binhi. Ang tawag natin don ay selective breeding na ginagawa na namin din sa probinsya namin noon noon pa na hindi pala ako aware. Ah
12:08gumagawa gumagamit na din pala kami ng selective breeding noon. Okay? Kahit sa mga mani dati noon ah pag kami nag-aano ng mani. Okay ' ba 'yung mga mani karaniwan dalawa lang yung laman may isa pa nga at may tatluhan. Ang ginagawa ng mother ko ang kanyang kinukuha ng binhi yung mga tatluhan. Okay na mani. Okay so
12:28yun pala example din ng selective breeding. Okay na pwede rin nating i-associate sa plants, animals. So yun po ay traditional traditional biotechnology. Ah kasi nagma-manipulate na tayo doon ano po. And then sa modern biotechnology ang katumbas ng selective reading is chain editing. Kumbaga, okay sa traditional nag-aantay tayo lang ng
12:50result based doun sa mga magiging offspring. Dito sa modern biotechnology. Pag may gusto tayong isang trait, diretsuhin mo na sa gen gen gen editing. E-edit mo na agad 'yung DNA niya. Wala ng aantayin ko pang makipag-mate siya sa same characteristics. No, in modern biotechnology, direct ka na. Okay? Direct mo ng baguhin. Kasi sa
13:12traditional, indirect yung ginagawa nila, 'di ba? Okay. So yun yung kaibahan sa dalawa. And then kung ang traditional ancient practice, iyung modern biotechnology is okay, ginagawa siya sa modern laboratory techniques. Maggabit sila ng mga advanced technologies dito. Okay. Next. So remember, traditional biotechnology improves organisms using
13:33natural methods while modern biotechnology uses science and technology to directly work with DNA and genes. Okay? Tandaan lang yung traditional biotechnology gumagamit sila ng natural methods. It's an ancient practice while modern biotechnology uses science and technology and to alter or to directly work with DNA and genes.
13:56Okay. So kumbaga sa traditional biotechnology, ito'y napaka-patience ' ba. Patience is a virtue. Pero sa modern biotechnology paspasan o. Pag may gusto ako, kailangan ko na agad yan magawa or makuha ganon. So sobrang haba na yung comparison ko dito. So hopefully naman is naintindihan naman ano po. Okay. So traditional versus modern biotechnology
14:18illustration. So traditional biotechnology, farmer selects the best crops. Okay, it's a type of selective breeding. Animals are breed for desirable traits. Example din siya ng selective breeding which is under ng traditional biotechnology. So under naman ng fermentation nafully discuss naman natin yung fermentation. Okay? Gumagamit tayo doon ng mga
14:39microorganisms and then nakaka doun sa mga microorganism ah nakakapabuo sila ng mga substances like carbon dioxide, acids which is yun naman yyung ginagamit natin to produce useful products like bread, yogurt, cheese and vinegar. Okay? Na nabuo sila through the process of fermentation. So remember in traditional
15:00biotechnology it uses natural biological process natural walang halo chemical okay joke lang yun okay natural process talaga dito ano po. Okay next ah traditional yung modern biotechnology naman. So in modern biotechnology scientist study DNA. Ang pinakabida kasi
15:20sa modern biotechnology yyung DNA eh. Genes okay cells. Okay? Yan po yung mga bida diyan. So genes can be modified in laboratories. Okay? Like for example crops become resistant to pest. Medicine like insulin are produced using biotechnology. And here in biotechnology they use advance. Okay, laboratory
15:40techniques. Okay. So tandaan lang natin ano po. So sa traditional natural process dito naman sa modern they use advanced laboratory techniques. Okay? And what is modern biotechnology? Ano naman yung tinatawag nating modern biotechnology? So remember when you ah naririnig natin or when you heard the word modern biotechnology or concept na
16:03to just remember it is the use of DNA. paggamit ng DNA, genes, cells, and advanced laboratory techniques to improve living organisms or develop useful products. Okay? Kung sa traditional marami na tayong naaintroduce na mga useful products, meron pa nga akong binigay sa inyong local, meron
16:23ding mga international 'di ba? Okay. So, dito sa modern biotechnology, it uses DNA, genes, cells, molecular biology, and advanced laboratory techniques. Okay. So tandaan lang ano po ang ginagamit niya sa traditional mga microorganisms directly. Iyung mga animals plants directly. Okay? So dito
16:43naman DNA it uses DNA genes, cells, molecular biology and advanced laboratory techniques. Okay? So examples of modern biotechnology here. So tingnan naman natin ano ba yung mga examples ng modern biotechnology. Okay. So, one of the best Okay. Best
17:03product or 'yung nabubuo ng modern biotechnology is nakakabuo sila ng mga pest resistant resistant crops. Okay? They can develop pest resistant crops. Big word, napaka-big word. Ano? Ano sir yung pest resistant? Ito yung crops. Okay? Ito yung mga crops na ' ba ang
17:24kalaban ng mga farmer mga peste. Pero kung makabuo ka ng mga pest resistance crops, hindi mo na kailangang gumamit ng mga insecticides or pesticides na sobrang dadami. Okay? Kasi yung halaman na mismo yung magbibigay ng way para mamatay 'yung mga peste ' ba ang astig.
17:45Okay. So explanation dito, "I crops resistance to insects. And one of the best uh example ng pest resistant crops is yung beticorn. Okay. Ano po ba yung biticorn at paano siya ah naging pest resistant? Okay. Tinawag po siyang beticorn mga anak kasi ah may gene. Okay? Isa naman itong bacteria ano.
18:08Okay. Meron tayong basil torengenesis na nagpo-produce ng insectical or insectical protein. Ito yung bacteria na meron sa kanyang katangian sa ginian na nagpo-produce siya ng protein na kayang pumatay ng mga peste. So nakita ito yung mga ng mga scientist ay maganda pala ito. So bakit hindi natin kunin yung DNA
18:29na yun or yung gen na iyon sa bacteria? Ilipat natin sa corn ' ba? Ilipat natin sa corn yan. So inilipat yung specific G na iyon sa corn. Okay? Gamit syempre yung tinatawag nating genetic engineering yung pagmo-modified ng DNA. Kaya 'yung naging resulta natin, okay 'yung BT protein na kung saan 'yung corn
18:51na-edit ay nakakapag-produce ng BT protein. Okay? So kapag kinain, okay? Okay? For example, kinain na ng mga insect or nung mga insect larv yung plants espahon na apekto ah yung mga dahon nito syempre yung mga larve na yun maaapektuhan yung kanilang mga digestive system at maaari silang mamatay. Okay.
19:12So kaya mas resistant ang biticorn sa mga insekto. Okay? At syempre kung may mga ganyan tayong halaman na ganyan kaastig. Okay? Talagang bukod sa tataas yung harvest. Okay? Hindi na mahihirapan ng mga farmers ' ba. Ang galing ng modern biotechnology. Okay? Mapapahanga ka na lang talaga. Okay. And then the next one, okay? It
19:34produce insulin for diabetic patients. Ito yung one of the most important breakthrough ng modern biotechnology yung makapag-produce ng insulin using bacteria. And remember mga anak, okay? Napakaganda ito napakagandang ah discovery. Bakit? Meron akong upload dito sa TikTok. Full discussion. naka-focus lang sa insulin. Okay? So
19:55paano ba nagagawa ang insulin mga anak? Okay? So alam naman natin ang insulin, we produce naturally ng insulin sa ating part na pancreas 'di ba? Yung pancreas natin is nagpo-produce siya ng insulin especially kung sobrang taas ng ating blood sugar hindi na normal. Okay? Syempre magre-react yung katawan natin. The pancreas will secrete ah insulin
20:16para ibalik sa normal. Okay? 'Yung ating blood sugar. Pero kung hindi na talaga ma-control sobra niya, okay? Ikaw ay diabetic na. Okay? So you have no choice but to inject okay, insulin na ano. Okay? At paano ginagawa ang insulin noong mga una-una pa, mga anak, ang insulin talaga is um kumukuha tayo sa
20:39source is sa mga baboy pero hindi talaga siya naging successful eh. Kasi minsan nagkakaroon siya ng allergic reaction, okay, sa tao. Hindi na naman pwedeng mag-donate tayo ng mag kasi baka maubusan naman, 'di ba? So ano bang ginawa? Ano bang ginawa ng mga scientist? Okay. Para maolve 'yung problem na yon. Okay. So siya ngayon
21:00kumuha sila ng tinatawag nating icherich colai or yung ecolide na bacteria mga anak. Okay? Yung eoline na yon is inedit nila yung plasmid, yung circular DNA or uh what do you call this? Genetic material nung bacteria. And then yung plasmid na yon nilagyan nila nung gene for human insulin. Okay? At alam naman
21:22natin yung bacteria mga anak, okay? Yung bacteria agag nag-reproduce yan identical. So 'yung na-edit nating bacteria, okay, or 'yung GMO na bacteria, may bitbit siya na insulin. Pag nag-reproduce siya, identical yung mapo-produce. May bitbit din na insulin hanggang sa mag-reproduce siya ng mag-reproduce. At doon tayo
21:43nag-e-extract nung tinatawag nating human insulin. Ganon kaganda ang modern biotechnology. So panoorin niyo sa TikTok ko iyung aking full video about this. Okay. So next another okay create genetically modified organisms or GMO. Okay? Changes genes to improve rates. Okay? Na example naman ng GMO natin.
22:05Okay? We also have golden rice. Okay? Ano ba yung tinatawag nating golden rice mga anak? So na-introduce na din sa Pilipinas yung golden rice actually mga anak. Okay. Bakit? Kasi nung time na yun nakitaan ng mga Pilipino ng vitamin A deficiency. So para ma-solve yung problem na yon. Okay.
22:26So hindi naman talaga uh available ang vitamin A in all the foods. So umisip ngayon ng pinaka-particular response, okay? Ang research na ano kaya 'yung food na kadalasang kinakain ng mga Pinoy. Okay? So ang kadalasan naman nating kinakain is kanin. Hindi talaga mawawal ang kanin, 'di ba? So ang ginawa
22:47ng mga um scientist instead na baguhin 'yung ating routine 'di ba? Okay. So gumawa sila nung tinatawag nating golden rice. Nandoon na sa golden rice yung vitamin A na kulang sa atin. Okay? So actually itong golden rice nagkaroon pa ito ng mga trial test eh. Okay? Before siya i talaga totally um
23:11what do you call? Benta in public. At hindi lang naman sa Pilipinas yan na gina ginawa ng trial even in other parts of Southeast Asia. Okay. Next. Grow tissue in laboratories. Okay? So, grow cells or plant tissues in labs. Okay. Banana tissue culture. One of the example din ng modern biotechnology is
23:31yung tinatawag nating tissue culture. E, ang ginagawa sa tissue culture, mga anak, nag-e-extract or kumukuha ng tissue doon sa isang halaman. Okay? And then yung tissue na yon, yun yung gagamitin nila para makapag-produce ulit ng bagong halaman. Yan, mina-manipulate talaga nila. Napakaastig no. So hindi mo na
23:52kailangang mag-wait ng several days para patubuin yung mga buto or kung ano man. At pag nag tumubo naman yun baka hindi pa healthy yung plants na tumubo or kung ano mang may mga problem. Pero okay, ang kagandahan sa tissue culture, the best dito kung ang pipiliin mo na parent plant is yung healthy plant. Kasi yung mapo-produce din niya ganun din. Okay.
24:14And dito pwede kang makapag-produce ng hundreds or hundreds or napakadami kasi ang gagamitin mo lang ay tissue. At yung tissue na yon magiging bagong buong halaman. Okay? Napakaastick. Next. uh edit genes to treat diseases, okay? Changes faulty genes to help treat diseases, okay? Or yung tinatawag nating
24:36crisper gene editing. Okay? So ano yung tinatawag nating crisper gene editing? Okay. So dito mga anak, syempre nag-e-edit tayo diyan ng specific okay specific gene okay? Dito sa ating crisper ah gene editing. Okay. So ang ating Crisper gene editing, it stands
24:57for clustered regularly interspace short palendromic repeats. Okay yan. Ayan po. So hopefully is uulitin ko yung ating crisper or CRISPR stands for clustered regularly interspaced short palendromic repeats. Okay? So paano ba gumagana ito?
25:20Parang molecular seasors ito mga anak. molecular seors or. Okay? So imagine mo may DNA ka ah may DNA ka na parang isang napakahabang napakahabang sequence ng DNA. So may isang part doon na may nakita kang problematic gene ah may problema yung part na to nakita mo ngayon. So gusto mo
25:44siyang baguhin to crisper technology. Okay, crisper technology yung tinatawag natin dito. So ang gagawin mo, find the faulty gene. Ika-cut natin yung faulty genin. Aalisin. Ie-change natin. Okay? Kung ano mang ah gusto mong DNA na ipalit doon. Okay. And then ang tawag natin sa
26:04process na yon is crisper um gene editing. Nung una ang ginagamit nila para baguhin yung DNA ng isang ah organism is selective breeding. Pero ngayon modern direct na agad. Okay. One of this is yung tinatawag nating crisper gene editing. Ayan next. Sige pause ko
26:27muna at super lobat na yung aking microphone. Let's continue. Okay. So characteristics of modern biotechnology. So ano ba yung mga characteristics ng modern biotechnology? Okay. So modern biotechnology uses scientific research. Gumagamit siya ng scientific research naturally. Okay? Uses DNA technology. improve
26:48plants, animals and microorganisms. Then produces useful medicines and vaccines, helps solve agricultural problems, helps protect the environment. Ayan. So meron pa akong mga anak na ibibigay na sample ng GMO. Yung tinatawag may meron sa Brazil. May mga may malaki kasi yung problem ng Brazil
27:09dati when it comes sa mga dengue, sa malaria. Ayan. So umisip sila ng problem ng problem tuloy ng solution don sa problem na yon. Okay. Paano kaya nila pabababain 'yung population ng mga lamok? Alam naman natin mga anak, sa mga lamok ang mga male mosquito hindi sila nangangagat ng nangangagat or hindi sila
27:31nag hindi sila blood socker. Ang mga blood soccer talaga kasi is yung mga female mosquito. Okay. So kasi ang mga female moskito kaya sila naman nag-aano ng blood kasi yung blood na yon yun yung kailangan na protein pa or pinaka ah what do you call this? Pinaka factor para sila'y makapag-produce ng egg. Okay? Ay ang mga male naman hindi sila
27:52nagpo-produce ng egg. So ano yung diet ng mga males? Ito nakadepend sila sa mga nectar. Okay? Ng mga plants. So ang ginawa ngayon ng Brazil, syempre gagamit tayo ng modern biotechnology. So syempre kumuha sila ng mga okay population ng mga male moskito at nilagyan nila yung mga male moskito ng specific gene na pag
28:13nakipag-mate sa isang female moskito, okay? Yung kanilang offspring na mapo-produce, okay, ay may maaapektuhan na kung saan yung mga offspring na yon is hindi na possible makarating ng adulthood. Okay? 'Di ba? May mga cycle naman ang mosquita deas. So hindi na makakaabot ng
28:34adulthood. Okay? Pero hindi naman lahat. Okay? May mga nakakarating pa din ng adulthood. Okay? At least 'di ba? At least in that process nababawasan yung population ng mga moskito. Okay ' ba? Ang astig talaga ng modern biotechnology. Okay? Nakakatuwa. And wala na akong chance para magpalit
28:56ng propeson. Ayan. So dito na lang discuss na lang natin to. Okay. Next. Why is modern biotechnology important? So bakit mahalaga ang modern biotechnology? It helps people by increasing food production. Nakakapagpadami ng food production ng food kasi ka nakakabuusan ng mga pest resistant crops. Producing medicines
29:16like mga vaccines. Okay? Like insulin ' ba? Preventing diseases. Nakakapag pa prevent ang diseases. Nabibigay ko nga example is yung sa lamok. Reducing environmental pollution. Okay. Improving the quality of crops and livestock. Next, DNA and gene. So tandaan natin ang
29:38DNA isa isa sa pinakabida when it comes to modern biotechnology. So DNA is dioxoribonoclic acid, the molecule that contains the genetic information of every living organism. And tandaan natin, DNA stores instructions for growth, development, reproduction and body functions. Okay? Another genes are
30:00small sections or segment. Para lang siyang segment ng DNA that determine uninherited traits or specific traites. For example, iyung G natin for eye color, hair type, height, flower color and many more type of trait. Okay, next. So for a quick check, which biotechnology uses DNA and gene technology? Is it traditional, modern,
30:21fermentation or selective breeding? Syempre it's modern biotechnology. So for our next activity, genetic engineering and genetically modified organisms. So what is genetic engineering? So tandaan lang natin genetic engineering is the process of changing an organism's DNA, modification of DNA to produce desired characteristics. So ang ginagawa ng mga
30:43scientist, scientists can add a gene, remove a gene or change a gene. Astig ano? So genetic engineering allows scientists to directly modify the DNA. Mm. Ang galing nila no? So, how does genetic engineering work? So, first mouna, syempre identify a useful gene. Yung gusto nating gene na ma-express,
31:05remove or remove yung gusto nating alisin na gene na pangit siya, papalitan natin. Okay? And then insert the gene. Ito na yung papalit natin into the organism. Yung na-edit. Ang tawag natin doon sa edited um DNA is recombinant DNA. And then lastly, the organism develops a new desired trait. Okay. For example, a corn plant receives a a gene
31:28that helps to protect it from insect pest. Okay. So, what are GMOs? Tandaan lang natin pag sinabing GMO, genetically modified organism, as long as na-altered or nai-edit yung iyong gene or yung DNA mo, ikaw ay isang GMO. A GMO is a living organism whose genetic material has been
31:48changed using biotechnology. So GMOs can be plants. Pwede siyang plants, animals, pwedeng microorganisms and important scientist modified genp nila. Hindi nila binabago yung gen ng isang halaman, ng isang hayop kasi trip nila. Okay. Ang pinaka-purpose ng biotechnology is to improve uh life.
32:09Okay? And then to improve the characteristics of that particular organism para matulungan tayo. Okay? Yung mga tao. Okay? Yung pinaka-end talaga is tayo ang makikinabang. Why create GMOs? Bakit talaga tayo gumagawa ng mga GMOs? Syempre to increase food production, resist insect pest, okay? Produce medicine, help farmers grow
32:31healthier crops. Okay? So tandaan natin. Examples of GNO yung GMO yung golden rice. Na-discuss ko na naman. Yyung golden rice is genetically modified to produce more beta carotin which the body converts into vitamin A. So yung benefits, it helps reduce vitamin A deficiency, improves nutrition, support
32:51healthy growth and eyesight and fun fact its golden color comes from the increased betacarotin. Biticorn, so biticorn is also an GMO. So contains a gene from a soil bacterium called bacilus, torenis or BT. The gene helps protect corn from insect pest.
33:12Less crop damage, natural protection against insect. reduced insecticide use, higher harvest, ang daming ano niyan no advantage, okay nung ating na-produce ng mga GMO, virus resistant papaya o an example din ng GMO, scientist develop papaya that can resist the papaya ring spot virus or
33:33PRSV. Okay, ito yyung benefits. Health airplans, higher fruit production, better income for farmers and reduced crop loses. So quick check. What does GMO stand for? General modified organism, genetically modified organism, genetic molecular organism or global modified organism.
33:54Correct? It's genetically modified organism. Next, okay, yung ating main focus pa in visual fertilization or yung tinatawag nating IVF. So alam ko naman na naririnig niyo na 'yung mga ganitong ah concept ano. So what is invitro fertilization or IVF? So tandaan natin invitro fertilization is a medical
34:15procedure in which an egg cell is fertilized by a sperm cell in a laboratory before the embryo is placed in the uterus. Tatandaan natin. So meron tayong mga key turn sa IVF. Yung egg cell, female reproductive cell, sperm, the male reproductive cell, the laboratory where fertilization takes place,
34:35a fertilized egg that begins to develop. Actually mga anak, naturally ang sperm and egg cell 'di ba sila ay nagme-met sa loob talaga. Okay? Hindi talaga sa labas. Pero okay, ngayon modern biotechnology na pwede nang mag-unite okay ang sperm and egg cell sa laboratory. Okay? So ano ba yung purpose ng IBF?
34:57Bakit to ginagawa? So IBF may help individuals or couples who have difficulty conceiving naturally. And marami din ako actually meron akong kilala okay na mga nag-under personally ha hindi lang sa TV na nag-undergo dito okay and um thankfully naging successful naman yung operation na ganon. Okay? So may
35:19mga couples kasi nahirap hirap magkaanak or makabuo naturally. So ang ginagawa ng ibang couples, they tend to use this kind of procedure para makapag-conceive. Okay? Kasi 'ag na-fertilize na 'yung egg sa labas, pwede naman, ibabalik naman 'yun sa uter ng matter. So, gives many families the opportunity to have a
35:39child. It uses advanced medical technology. Okay. So, how does it work? So, step one, syempre egg collection from the female. So, doctors collect mature eggs from the ovaries. Then syempre kailangan din iyung second step, sperm collection. sperm sample is collected. Then step three in fertilization in the laboratory the egg and the sperm are combined into a
36:00laboratory to produce a fertilized egg. Okay? Then after that, okay, pag nandon na fertilized na yung egg, embra, nagkakaroon na tayo ng embryo development. The fertilized egg develops into an embryover several days. Syempre hahayaan mo na yun for several days sa laboratory then okay after that yung embryoon na nagde-develop ita-transfer
36:22na yun sa healthy sa ating uterus nung mother. Okay? The healthy embrio is placed into the uterus of the mother where it may continue to develop into a baby. So IVF gives hope to many individuals and couples their journey to parenthood. Dati parang sasabihin natin para siyang very unnatural 'di ba? Pero
36:42if you have a broader sense of uh what do you call this? Understanding. Okay? Kasi lahat naman ng couples ah pangarap talaga nila magka-anak 'di ba? So yung may mga couples na nahihirapan. So ito yung solusyon ng science. Okay. Next quick check. where the fertilization occured during IVF in the uterus, in the
37:03ovaries, in the laboratory, in the falupian tube, syempre in the laboratory in okay so other modern biotechnology process. Meron pa tayong mga example ng modern biotechnology like iyung DNA fingerprinting. It identifies individuals by analyzing their unique DNA patterns and pwede rin itong gamitin sa mga pattern na to test yung mga DNA testing. Okay. Next, stem cell research.
37:25study system cells to help repair or replace damage uh tissues. Okay? So mga anak para hindi kayo malito, ah unahin niyo munang intindihin kung ano ba yung stem cell. Okay? Ang stem cell mga anak natin is hindi naman siya tama na sabihin na blank cell. Okay? Ang correct term natin they are so-called
37:45unspecialized cell kasi wala pa silang specific function ' ba. Meron tayong mga types ng cell sa katawan like for example nerve cell, blood cell, skin cell. May specific function na talaga sila 'di ba? Okay. So itong stem cell wala pa sila. Wala pa silang specific function and specialize pa sila. Pero
38:06itong mga stem cell na to pwede silang maging kahit anong cell. Pwede silang maging blood cell, nerve cell, okay? And then pwede rin naman silang maging skin cell na ginagamit, okay? Ginagamit ng mga scientist, okay? To replace damage tissues. Okay? Ano po? So, tissue culture. Ito naman ay sa plant. Na-discussan na natin ito. Gross plant
38:26or animal cell in laboratory under uncontrolled conditions. Gene editing changes specific genes to improve traits or help treat diseases. Okay. Sige. For our formative assessment, hopefully is nakatulong. Which statement best describes modern biotechnology? Correct. Okay. So it's letter C. It uses
38:47DNA and genes. What is the main purpose of genetic engineering? Correct. Okay, it's letter B to change an organism's DNA. Which genetically modified crop helps reduce vitamin A deficiency? Correct. It's the letter C, golden rice. Where does fertilization take place during invitro fertilization? Correct.
39:08In a laboratory. Which biotechnology process is used to identify individuals by analyzing their unique DNA patterns? Correct. C DNA finger printing. So hopefully mga anak, you learn something today and thank you so much. See you sa ating less number six.