Zoom1 - 399

0:10Morning.

0:27Can you all hear me?

0:30Can you hear me?

0:36>> Yes, sir.

0:38>> Okay, great.

0:39Welcome.

0:40>> How do I Oh, let me got it. I don't I

0:44don't know how to change my name.

0:47>> I don't know how to do that either.

0:49Maybe like you. [laughter]

0:51>> I'm sorry.

0:54>> You're not Libby, I take it.

0:58[laughter]

1:00>> Who are you?

1:04Maybe if you just click in the box, you

1:07can change it. I don't know. I've not

1:09had to do that before.

1:13Um,

1:19okay. Welcome everybody.

1:24I the um

1:27I I appreciate I I I ask you, you know,

1:29in the uh in the course materials to try

1:34to have your your camera on and I

1:36appreciate that a number of you do. I

1:38know some of you might be in places

1:39where like you're at work or you're uh

1:44in the in the in your bedroom or

1:47something. It's not a very good place to

1:49have them on. So, I understand if you're

1:50not if you don't have it on, but if you

1:52can The reason I like to have the the um

1:56cameras on is uh that that way um that

2:00way it's more like like a classroom.

2:04I'm sitting on my front porch in

2:07uh Kirkwood, Missouri, which is the

2:09hound the town I grew up in and where I

2:12went to high school. Um

2:15it's a a suburb of St. Louis.

2:19I've

2:21after having wrecked five cars commuting

2:25back and forth to Carbondale over the

2:27last 20 years. Uh I'm now teaching

2:30teaching online so as to try to avoid

2:33future future wrecks. Um

2:38I saw so how many of you were at the uh

2:41at last Monday's a week ago Monday's uh

2:45pizza place pizza lunch? any of you?

2:51Okay. Uh so I I'll go through a just a

2:54very brief um

2:57much much briefer than I went through uh

3:02uh a week ago Monday uh about about my

3:05uh background on writing about law,

3:09teaching journalism, teaching media law,

3:12law law, the first amendment, etc. Um,

3:16and then we'll go around the screen and

3:18I'd like to hear a little bit a little

3:20bit from you all. By the way, if you

3:22haven't uh if you haven't taken the

3:25pre-assessment,

3:26um,

3:28you you probably could open like, you

3:32know, I don't know, I'm not 100% sure

3:35this is technologically possible, but as

3:37we do introductions and as I start going

3:40through the answers to the

3:42preassessment,

3:44Um, you probably could, if you haven't

3:46taken it yet, open up another window and

3:49take it. Um, no study is required. I

3:53actually want you to do and it doesn't

3:55count on your grade. I actually want you

3:57to do badly because then when you take

3:59the same test at the end of the course

4:01and it'll show how much more you learned

4:03and that'll make me look like a good a

4:05good teacher. So, it's sort of a way to

4:08assess assess me not to assess you all.

4:11also give me an idea of what what you

4:13know at the start of the class and what

4:16what to concentrate on.

4:19Uh

4:20before we go into introductions, do does

4:22anybody have um some sort of questions

4:26things about the class that are puzzling

4:28you that I can answer?

4:33Basically, you get credit for being in

4:36this um in this zoom

4:40and it'll mo most likely I think there's

4:44140 points of class participation credit

4:48and for each Zoom you're in I usually

4:51give about 10 or 10 points. Um so that

4:56over the period of if you if you go to

4:59all the classes over the period of uh

5:01the semester and this is a you know this

5:04is a a short semester it ends in the

5:07middle of in the middle of October but

5:10over the course of the semester you'll

5:12be able to get enough points to to get

5:14the the whole 140 and then if you like

5:17present a case uh in class or bring in

5:21uh some uh uh or may or are or are just

5:26participating in the discussion, I

5:28usually add additional points as well.

5:31Um

5:34and then if you're if you I I I try to

5:38give you credit whether or not you're in

5:40the whole uh twoour Zoom. We usually

5:44finish up a little bit early anyway, but

5:47uh if um so it's not like if it turns

5:52out you can only get to the beginning or

5:54only to the end, you know, last 45

5:56minutes or last half hour, it's worth

5:59it's worth coming anyway and I give you

6:01credit for being here. Um

6:04and then the alternative is if you miss

6:06if you miss the Zoom, uh we are

6:09recording it. Let me make sure it's

6:12recording. It is. Uh, we're recording it

6:14and after each class I

6:18>> I post the recording to YouTube. I send

6:23you the link to the recording. I said

6:25the whole class the link to the

6:26recording and then if a person hasn't

6:30gotten class participation points uh for

6:34being in the zoom they can file a

6:37comment to a to a discussion thread

6:41relating to that particular

6:43um zoom and then and that way they can

6:47get the same amount of class

6:49participation credit.

6:51Um

6:54there are three total tests over the

6:58over the semester. Um each one of the

7:01tests has has some essays that they

7:05they're mostly objective true false um

7:09uh match and matching. Uh but they also

7:12have essay questions which are optional.

7:15If you do the essay questions, you get

7:17extra credit. That's one of several ways

7:19to get extra credit. The other ways are

7:22watch a movie that's media related and

7:25write a 40 400word essay about some

7:28ethical or legal issue involved. I mean

7:31for example, one of the first things

7:33we'll be talking about is printing

7:36national security secrets. There's a

7:38movie called The Post about the

7:40Washington Post's attempt to catch up

7:42with the New York Times and publication

7:43of the Pentagon Papers. Um that would be

7:46an example of a kind of movie you could

7:48watch. Uh there's a movie Good Night and

7:51it's very good. Good night and good

7:53luck. It's about Edward R. Muro,

7:55probably the most famous

7:58broadcast journalist of well one of the

8:01two most famous broadcast journalists of

8:03the 20th century. Um the other being

8:05Walter Kankite probably. And

8:09uh he was in London at the time of the

8:12Blitz, the Nazi attack on London in

8:151941.

8:17um and uh he broadcast from London

8:22during the during the bombing runs. And

8:26then he's famous the the good night and

8:28good luck movie is about his

8:30confrontation of S Senator Joseph

8:32McCarthy from Wisconsin

8:35uh who was responsible for the largely

8:38responsible for the red scare of the

8:40early late 40s early 50s. Uh he claimed

8:44that there were communists in all sorts

8:46of positions in the federal government,

8:49army, state department. Um

8:54uh also in important

8:57uh

8:59uh positions in society such as movie

9:02actors, playwrights,

9:04um authors. Yeah. The the question uh a

9:10question that became

9:12um

9:15that the the congressional committees

9:18uh often asked celebrities who were

9:22called before them in the 1950s was are

9:26you now or have you ever been a member

9:27of the communist party? Um well, Edward

9:32Edward R. Maro confronted McCarthy on

9:35his exaggerated and sort of outlandish

9:38claims and that that was to c certain

9:41extent the beginning of the end for him.

9:43He was censured eventually by the by the

9:46Senate and died because he was a drunk

9:49uh and had

9:51uh problems related to that. Um

9:55so that's another possible movie. Uh,

9:58all the presidents a man. It's a night.

10:00It won the Academy Award in I don't know

10:03uh 19 maybe 74 or five. It was about the

10:07Watergate uh the Washington Post

10:10reporting duo of Woodward and Woodward

10:12and Bernstein

10:14uh who undercovered lots of information

10:17that led to uh Nixon's having to resign.

10:21Um that's another good one. Although

10:25you Gen Z folks probably would think it

10:27was moving a little bit slowly. I know

10:30my my young people in our family think

10:33think that. Anyway, those are some ex

10:35Oh, here here's another good one though.

10:37This is this uh there's a movie called

10:39Spotlight. Maybe some of you have seen

10:42it. It was I think it was dates back to

10:452010, 2015, something like that. It may

10:48have won the Academy Award also for best

10:51picture or at least it was nominated.

10:53And it it's about the um the Boston

10:56Globes Spotlight investigative reporting

11:00team

11:01um that uncovered the large number of

11:06Catholic priests numbering in the 80s

11:10who had molested young uh children, boys

11:13and girls. Um,

11:16and it features Marty Baron who was the

11:21man the editor of the of the Boston

11:24Globe at the time. Um, and it what what

11:28what's so good about it that movie is

11:31that is a very realistic uh portrayal of

11:36sort of the slow

11:39uh sometimes boring but important steps

11:44that an investigative reporter has to go

11:48through to get a story. for example, and

11:51it it depicts how the reporters on that

11:55botlight team had to go in to the

11:57basement uh basement records in the

11:59library or maybe even in their own ba

12:02basement records where there were

12:04rodents running around on the floor to

12:07look at old uh directories that the arch

12:11dasis put out on priests because they

12:15realized that when a priest was

12:17suspected of molesting a child that they

12:21oftentimes then had to take a leave of

12:23absence and so even though so so they

12:27would actually be able to figure out

12:29which of the priests were suspected of

12:31that kind of activity. So that's that's

12:33a super good um

12:36uh movie.

12:38So extra credit is essay on a movie. Um

12:45ex the write the essays on the tests

12:49uh or bring to class

12:52uh a news story.

12:56Somebody sent me a some sent me an email

12:59yesterday on the the lawsuit against the

13:04the social media companies relating to

13:06luring children into you know designing

13:09their designing their sites to keep kids

13:13hooked. Uh was is that one of you?

13:18>> Mine was on the Facebook the article on

13:21the Facebook for

13:22>> Yeah. Yeah. That's what I'm talking

13:23about. So So supposed to bring that to

13:25class or was it okay to email it to you?

13:27>> No, it was behind to email it to me. Uh,

13:30and we might just talk about that a

13:32little bit after the introductions and

13:34stuff. Uh, that's the kind of thing I'm

13:37talking about getting and I give a

13:38there's a separate category on the grade

13:40book for for extra credit. Um,

13:45and

13:47so that's a lot of the the uh dotting

13:52the eyes and crossing the teeth. Any

13:53questions?

13:56Okay. So, my my uh my specialty is civil

14:01rights and civil liberties. Um I was a

14:05reporter for the St. Louis Post Dispatch

14:07uh for 34 years until 2006.

14:12Um after that, I've been teaching at SIU

14:16for 20 years. First as the director of

14:18the school of journalism and then more

14:20recently u just as a professor.

14:24Um,

14:26in my years at the Post Dispatch, I I

14:29spent 12 of the of the 34 years in uh

14:33Washington DC, the Washington bureau. I

14:36was the deputy uh bureau chief along

14:39with my wife with whom I shared a job.

14:42Um,

14:45my wife and I went to Kirkwood High

14:46School together. She was the editor of

14:48the call, uh, Kirkwood Call, the student

14:51newspaper. We both went to Stanford uh

14:54together and we were both editors of the

14:57Stanford Daily uh the student newspaper.

15:02Uh we went off I wanted to go to law

15:05school and we went off to to start law

15:09school and I discovered within a week I

15:11couldn't pay the tuition. I didn't have

15:14enough money to pay the tuition. So we

15:15sort of we desperately called the post

15:18dispatch where we had applied for jobs,

15:19got jobs

15:22for very by good fortune, somebody quit

15:25the day I the day after I called to to

15:28desperately ask for a job. Uh and

15:33we thought we were just going to go back

15:35for two years and then return to to law

15:38school, but two years became a lot

15:41longer than that. I did eventually go to

15:42law school. uh in when I was uh in 1995.

15:49So after I'd been at the Post Dispatch

15:52at that point for about 25 years um

15:56in Washington DC actually before I went

16:00to law school um I covered the Supreme

16:03Court and the Justice Department. So I

16:05was getting to write about the things

16:06that I really wanted to wanted to write

16:09about. Um,

16:11so that was between uh that was between

16:151980 and 1992.

16:18Uh, after and and my wife and I shared a

16:21job during that period of time.

16:24Um,

16:27because we wanted to be able to keep

16:29both of our careers going and um because

16:34we wanted to raise our kids. We have

16:36four children at that point. We had

16:39three when we moved to Washington. Both

16:40arrived after we got there. And uh

16:45I'll probably refer every once in a

16:47while to the my eight grandchildren who

16:50are around the country and around the

16:53world. Uh and who whom I got to see just

16:59two weeks ago in a family reunion here.

17:01Um, so

17:05that's most of what you need to know

17:08about me. I've written a lot of stories

17:09about um

17:12um

17:15about civil rights, civil liberties,

17:17police brutality. Um,

17:21in in when I was before I went to

17:24Washington in 19 I think it was 1978, a

17:28police officer in the Maplewood,

17:30Missouri Police Department uh was using

17:33Russian roulette as a way to try to

17:36extract a a confession from a from a um

17:42a young man who had been arrested. His

17:44name was Thomas Brown. He was um he was

17:49uh he had some mental problems and had

17:53passed a counterfeit uh was accused of

17:56having passed a counterfeit uh check at

18:00the local drugstore. And so the police

18:04officer was put a gun in his mouth, had

18:07him choose a number. He chose the wrong

18:09number and it blew his head off. Um

18:14it turned out that that police

18:16department had used that kind of

18:19technique pretty often. Uh and um

18:23another reporter and I uh did a series

18:27of stories over months that cleaned out

18:30the department, resulted in some uh

18:32prosecutions of the of the bad cops. and

18:37um led to an entirely new police chief

18:41and police department. So um

18:45then later on after my days at the post

18:48dispatch um I I spent a lot of time

18:52covering a a tragedy here in my hometown

18:55of Kirkwood, Missouri. There was a in

18:582008, I think it was, uh there was a

19:01city hall massacre, where a disgruntled

19:07um

19:10uh resident of the the black

19:13neighborhood of Meechum Park.

19:16uh killed two police officers, killed a

19:20couple of additional

19:22um a couple of additional city council

19:25members and members of the of and boys

19:30of the city uh and then was killed by

19:33the police and the dis uh during a city

19:36council meeting. He felt as though the

19:38city was uh treating him badly and

19:43unfairly.

19:45uh his name was Cookie Thornton. Uh so

19:48so I spent about two years writing about

19:52that event uh and and the events that

19:55flowed out of it which was the city

19:58having a kind of a truth and

20:00reconciliation

20:02uh process where they took on uh the

20:06racial history of of Kirkwood. Um

20:12and then I spent a lot of time I have

20:14spent

20:16many many uh written many stories and

20:19spent a lot of time covering the

20:21Ferguson the events surrounding

20:22Ferguson. Uh

20:26the um August 9th uh 2014

20:32shooting

20:34>> uh shooting of

20:37of uh

20:41everybody. Okay.

20:44Shooting in Ferguson where Michael Brown

20:46was was killed by the Wilson, a Ferguson

20:49police officer. Um,

20:53and uh I mean that was that was a

21:00a real that was a real watershed event

21:03for St. was and and also for how the

21:09media covered that kind of a story. Um

21:15the the the reason I say for for that it

21:20was a watershed event for uh

21:24for St. Louis was that St. ISM was one

21:28of the few places around the country

21:30that never had um a riot during the

21:35period of time in ' 68

21:3764 through 60 through through 1970 when

21:41there were a lot of uh riots in major

21:44American cities. Uh there were there

21:47were riots in many of them were after

21:50the assassination of Martin Luther King

21:53in 1968.

21:55Uh but St. Louis had never had had that

21:58kind of a an incident. Um and this was

22:02sort of this was

22:06this was uh this was the unrest uh

22:11coming to light in Ferguson, which is a

22:14suburb of St. Louis, uh up near the near

22:18the airport, which you guys probably

22:21some sometimes fly out of. Um, the

22:23reason I say it was a watershed event in

22:27news coverage and and and journalism was

22:31that it was the first time that a

22:35um that an important national story like

22:39that was told to the world, not

22:43necessarily by the local press, but

22:46instead by um

22:50u citizen citizen journalists.

22:53uh activists who had who had cell phones

22:58that they could uh post from in the

23:02midst of um demonstrations and

23:07uh

23:09you know on on the street. Um it it was

23:13what led to

23:16that that what's led to the led it led

23:18to the Black Lives Matter uh movement.

23:22Um and

23:26one one thing that's so in one way it

23:30was this was really good because

23:34uh a police officer a white house police

23:37officer killing a black man

23:40on a city uh city street

23:43on a Saturday after the man had been uh

23:48photographed at a at a robbery of a

23:51convenience store uh

23:55would not have been big news

23:58uh before the era of of self cell phones

24:02and cameras on the street. Uh I I know

24:05that for a fact because in my early days

24:10at the post dispatch, one of the things

24:11I was assigned to do every Saturday

24:14night was call up all the suburban

24:16police departments and ask them what had

24:18happened. And it would the conversation

24:20usually went anything going on and they

24:23answered no.

24:25And so so somebody got they weren't

24:28about to say oh yeah we we shot a guy on

24:31the street today. Um

24:34so this this event probably would not

24:39have gotten very much attention in the

24:41good old days of just newspapers and TV

24:45and radio. Um,

24:48one of the bad things about it was that

24:50the story that was that was broadcast to

24:53the world was hands up, don't shoot.

24:57That that Michael Brown had had put his

25:00hands up and said don't shoot before

25:02Darren Wilson uh shot him. Well, I I

25:07ended up writing the story u

25:11the the the story that showed that there

25:14wasn't a single credible witness who had

25:17seen Michael Brown put his hands up and

25:20surrender or say don't shoot. Um I

25:24parsed through all the all the federal

25:28and state investigations of of the

25:31witnesses. Um,

25:34so, so the story that social media sent

25:37to the world wasn't really true, wasn't

25:40really accurate, but there was behind it

25:43a sort of a deeper truth, and that was

25:46that uh, a lot of black men were being

25:51killed by white police officers

25:53uh, in confrontations on the street. Um,

25:57and that that was a source of a lot of

25:58unrest in in parts of of the country.

26:01The Washington Post uh did a study

26:04finding that a thousand

26:07uh a thousand black men have been killed

26:09by white police officers during the

26:11previous year. Um and then we all saw

26:16sort of proof of uh of that with a 2020

26:21um murder um of George Floyd in

26:26Minneapolis.

26:28Um

26:30um when that happened, I s I I uh

26:36got a grant to put together a student

26:40newsroom of 20 people to pull together

26:45uh

26:46a a big project on um on how

26:54police officers were seldom being

26:57prosecuted for

26:59uh for their for wrongdoing and would

27:04often times uh get off easily. Um

27:10sort of legal roadblocks to police

27:12accountability.

27:14Uh, of course the thing is

27:18since that uh even though there seemed

27:21to be a few reforms that were that were

27:24taking hold in the months after the

27:26murder of George Floyd, including the

27:28prosecution of George Floyd and his

27:31conviction for murder. Um, I mean not

27:34George Floyd but of uh uh uh Schelvin

27:39the police officer. Um

27:42uh in addition in addition to that there

27:44were some other reforms but many of

27:47those have been um have been reversed in

27:52the years since

27:552020.

27:56And um

27:59many many states including uh Missouri

28:04have passed law enforcement police bill

28:07of rights that keep the names of uh

28:12misbehaving officers secret uh and out

28:15of the public eye. Uh so there's been a

28:19real reversal of that progress. So, I

28:22spent a lot of time uh on that story and

28:24then I I I sent you guys a link to the

28:27project I'm working on right now, which

28:28is on the Bill of Rights as the country

28:32turns

28:33um as the Declaration of Independence

28:38uh celebrates its 250th birthday.

28:43So, that's a little bit about me. Um,

28:50any questions?

28:54Okay, why don't we go down? I'd love it

28:57if you guys told me. Each one of you

28:59told me uh your name, where where you're

29:03from, uh what your

29:07um what your major is, uh and what your

29:14what what your what you'd like to do

29:16with your life, what your hopes and

29:17dreams are. And while while you're doing

29:19that, I am going to

29:23try to call up another screen here where

29:25I can give you guys I can give you guys

29:27credit for your

29:30for being here. Olivia, let's start with

29:32you. You're you're in the upper left of

29:34my of my screen.

29:36>> Yeah. Can you hear me?

29:38>> I can.

29:38>> Okay, cool. My name is Olivia. Um I'm a

29:41junior here. I'm from Bloomington,

29:43Illinois, like right outside of it. Um,

29:47I'm majoring in photo journalism and so

29:50like in the future I really want to do

29:51wildlife photography. So

29:56>> great. So do you uh work with Julia

29:58Rendleman?

29:59>> I do. Yeah.

30:03>> Um, yeah, Julia is great. She's one of

30:06my one of my former students. Uh

30:09>> Oh, really?

30:10>> Yeah.

30:11>> Cool. Yeah, I love her. She's awesome.

30:13>> Yeah, she is. She's really terrific.

30:15Okay, I'm I'm finding you on

30:21Okay, class participation. So, you know,

30:25like I say, I'm I'm just sort of for

30:28just being here giving you all 10 points

30:30and then I'll add to them as as time

30:33goes on as the as the weeks pass. Um,

30:38okay, Shelby.

30:43>> Hey, can you hear me? Okay,

30:45>> I can.

30:46>> Okay, first day of school. Kind of

30:47nervous. Um,

30:49>> nothing to be nervous about.

30:51>> I'm I'm at work, so I'm in my car.

30:53That's why I'm out here. I work in ortho

30:56and heron. Um, I'm from Vienna. I

30:59recently bought a house and moved to

31:00Marian. Um, I'm majoring in criminology

31:04and so this class was a core curriculum

31:07class that I had to take. But I'm

31:09actually I had read out of the book some

31:12things that I was learning in my crim

31:13class. So that was really cool. Um I

31:17have a three-year-old.

31:19So I as cliche as it sounds, I really

31:21just want to my my goal is to be the

31:25best mom that I can be. Um and I just I

31:28want to get a degree and have a career

31:29so he can have some stability. And

31:33that's it really. Um, I want to be I

31:36want I want to work in like I want to do

31:38investigations and stuff. So, I'm like I

31:40love true crime. I fall asleep to Cold

31:43Case Files and I watch a lot of Criminal

31:44Minds and stuff. So, um I just I want to

31:48do investigating when I get older and I

31:49want to be a good mom.

31:51>> Do you want to be a police officer?

31:53>> Um I I like the idea of being a police

31:56officer. I don't necessarily want to

31:58drive around and pull people over. I

32:01don't I'm not like patrol. I'm not

32:03really interested in that. I want to do

32:04more of like the forensic

32:07aspect of like investigations. I also

32:10like psychology a lot. So, I may take

32:11additional like psych courses and maybe

32:13do like some forensic psychology, but I

32:16don't

32:17>> So, Shelby, what's your last name?

32:19Because I'm not finding you on the grade

32:21book.

32:21>> Um, it's Norton. N O R T O N.

32:26>> Okay. Let me find Oh, there you are. I

32:30don't know how I missed you. Okay.

32:35Great.

32:37Uh Kristen, you came back just in time.

32:44>> Yes. Hi. Sorry. I'm actually at work um

32:46clocked out and still trying to be a

32:48boss. So um I um actually am a director

32:53of a children's center and um have been

32:56for several years. Um, my major is in

32:59ECE,

33:01um, which is early childhood education.

33:03Um, I just planning on going and getting

33:05my master's degree. Um, I plan on

33:07staying where I'm at. However, we're

33:10going for what's called quality. So, in

33:13order to be quality, the centers have to

33:15have a higher education of a director in

33:17order to stay in the position they're

33:19in.

33:22I live in Cesar. Um,

33:25>> can you hear me? Sorry, my internet.

33:27Sorry. Yes, I can hear you. Illinois.

33:30Yeah. Um I'm from that area, born and

33:34raised. Um I actually am a mother of

33:36three kids, so yeah, I stay very busy

33:39with sports and stuff like that and

33:41working full-time.

33:45>> Uh

33:46okay. Well, that that's great. Yeah,

33:49three kids can keep you busy

33:52that I'm aware. Um

33:55let's see, Michael.

34:00Hey, I'm Michael Landado. Um, I'm from

34:04Neighborville, Illinois, like a suburb

34:06of Chicago. Um, I'm a junior. Um, I'm

34:10majoring in criminal justice as well.

34:13Um, and I just want to get into um, some

34:15sort of law enforcement for my career.

34:21>> How many of you all all are in criminal

34:24justice?

34:27I guess I I guess I didn't realize. Is

34:29it actually a uh is it a required course

34:32or just a

34:34>> I don't think it was for me. It was for

34:36my core curriculum like the humanities

34:38part.

34:38>> Oh, for the core curriculum. Yeah. Okay,

34:40that's true. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Um Okay.

34:43Well, welcome uh

34:47to to all of you. Let's see. Lanestein.

34:51>> Hello. I'm a junior. Um, I'm from little

34:54town called St. Elmo, Illinois, kind of

34:56by Effingham. Uh, my major is crop,

34:59soil, environmental management. Um, I

35:01plan to go back to our family farm after

35:04I graduate. So, yeah.

35:07>> And I had to take this class because

35:08it's a humanities. So,

35:10>> where's your family farm?

35:12>> In St. Elmo, if you know where that's

35:14at, it's in between Van and Effingham,

35:16Illinois.

35:17>> Kind of like

35:17>> Is it a Is it a big one?

35:19>> Is it a big one? There's like 1500

35:21people my hometown.

35:23>> My graduating class was 40, I think. 36

35:28that

35:29>> mine was 750. [laughter]

35:32>> Yeah. Yeah. No, I talked to people and

35:34they're like, "And you got a tiny

35:35class." I'm like, "Yeah."

35:36>> Yeah. Uh, okay. Addison,

35:43can you hear me?

35:44>> Yes.

35:45>> Okay. Hi, I'm Addison, but I normally go

35:48by Addie. I'm a sophomore at SIU. I'm

35:51from Marian, Illinois. And I'm majoring

35:54in synography to hopefully be an OBGYn

35:58ultrasound technician.

36:01>> Um,

36:06so what did you call that? You didn't

36:07say, did you say stenography?

36:09>> Senography. Yeah,

36:11>> sonography. I thought, "Wow, that

36:13doesn't [laughter]

36:15so I I wonder I mean I I just heard

36:19somebody saying the other day, and I

36:20don't I don't say this to discourage

36:22you, although it may it may sound like

36:25I'm doing that, uh, was that uh

36:29radiology in general, which of course

36:32it's different than than synography, but

36:36uh is something that is one of the

36:38occupations that AI will take over

36:42first. Is that is that is that a problem

36:47potentially with synography or not?

36:50>> Ultrasound so specific. I really don't

36:53see how AI could take it over. I mean

36:54with the world we live in maybe. I don't

36:57know. It's honestly something I haven't

36:58thought about.

36:59>> Yeah. Well, don't don't don't have bad

37:02dreams about it. Good luck. [laughter]

37:05Good luck. Uh, Landon,

37:16you there? Landon,

37:21is it

37:37Can you hear me,

37:40Landon? Do you hear me?

37:45But you're you're muted. I

37:52Well, you It's no problem. We can we

37:56catch up with you later. I I gave you

37:58the credit for being here, Joe. Joe

38:00Joseph, you've been in several of my

38:02classes. How you doing?

38:04>> I'm doing good. Um, all my kids are went

38:07back to school, so they're all at home

38:08sick right now.

38:09>> Oh, boy.

38:11>> The circle of life. Uh, yeah, this is my

38:14actually final two classes this

38:16semester. I have one

38:18>> this half and another one the next half,

38:20and then I'm applying to masters in

38:24Central Florida and South Florida. in

38:26all the Florida schools.

38:28>> All the all the Florida schools.

38:31>> Y

38:32I'm based in Tallahassee or I live in

38:34Tallahassee and I work out of

38:35Pennsylvania.

38:37>> So,

38:38>> all right.

38:39>> I remember you're I remember you're my

38:41Florida student. So, and a good student.

38:44So, glad to have you back.

38:45>> No problem.

38:46>> Thank you.

38:47>> Okay, Latricia.

38:52>> Hello. My name's Latricia. I am from

38:56Springfield, Massachusetts, which is the

38:58birthplace of basketball if anybody

39:00knows. Um, I am going to school for

39:03healthcare management. I don't know what

39:05year I'm in. This is my second semester.

39:07So, but I already have um one degree, so

39:10I'm not sure what I am. Um, yeah. And

39:12this was an elective that I needed to

39:14take, but I'm very excited. Um,

39:16especially based off of the history that

39:18you have with journalism. Um, yes, I'm

39:22excited to take this class. So, are you

39:24a fan of the women's NBA?

39:27Uh,

39:28>> no, not really. But a lot of my friends

39:30are because Connecticut, I guess they

39:32have like a really good, you know, um,

39:34team up that way. But I don't know. I'm

39:36not a basketball girl. Football. Yeah.

39:39my my uh my Tik Tok and in and Instagram

39:45realizes that I like to watch uh I like

39:48to watch the Indiana Fever games because

39:51I'm sort of a fan of Caitlyn Clark's and

39:54some of the other players on that team.

39:55So, I I I get to see lots lots of that

39:58on [laughter] my

39:59>> on my social media feed. Um okay, DJ.

40:05>> Hey, Ella.

40:07Uh my name's DJ uh DJ Smonic. I am a

40:12sophomore and my major is mortuary

40:14science. And I'm choosing this class

40:17well mainly because it's an elective for

40:19my humanities, but also because I had a

40:21history teacher in high school um that

40:24was really really big on the Bill of

40:26Rights and the First Amendment and his

40:28classes were really interesting to

40:29listen to. So I'm excited for this class

40:32as well.

40:33>> Okay, great. Well, I had a I had a

40:35mortuary student, a mortuary science

40:38student about five years ago who was

40:40from Virginia actually. She was a

40:42distant learner distance learner and she

40:46was a she was a great student. So, um

40:48you gota you got to live up to to what

40:51she did.

40:51>> Fingers crossed I can. I'm from Illinois

40:54also.

40:55>> Okay, great. Uh Tiffany Tiffany Nicole,

40:59which one should I call you?

41:02>> [laughter]

41:02>> Uh Nicole is just fine. Can you hear me?

41:04Okay.

41:05>> Yes.

41:07>> Um my name is Nicole. I really uh go my

41:11friends call me Nick and all my other

41:12professors have learned to call me Nick.

41:14I am a junior here at SIU. I'm majoring

41:18in psychology headed towards the

41:20master's program here at at SIU. Um I

41:25plan on upon graduation releasing a

41:28series of books. Although writing is not

41:32my major, I grew up on the west side of

41:34Chicago and mental illness and things

41:37along that nature, not only in my

41:39family, but in my neighborhoods and the

41:41neighborhoods surrounding my home, it

41:43was kind of pushed under the rug. And my

41:47hope is to uh grab this uh diploma and

41:52go and help children who face uh issues

41:56with certain problems that begin to

41:59arise in their lives. And hopefully I

42:02can help them come to terms with what's

42:05taking place in their life and in their

42:07body so that they don't become lost

42:10adults and they don't fall in the cracks

42:12of being forgotten. This class

42:14specifically is very important to me

42:16because I like to know about all kinds

42:19of issues that's going on around the

42:21world, but especially the ones that um

42:25are kind of structured around people

42:29who, you know, the rights and the people

42:31of uh people who struggle with mental

42:33illness. So, I was wondering, you know,

42:35about that. And then I know you have a

42:37history in journalism, so just eager to

42:39take the class.

42:41>> Okay, great. Uh, Holly.

42:49>> Hello. My name is Holly. I'm a freshman

42:51here at SIU. Um, I'm majoring in

42:55aviation flight and aviation management.

42:58I'm from Highland, Illinois, which is

43:00kind of near Edwardsville, like 30

43:02minutes from St. Louis. Um, I took this

43:06class as an elective under humanities.

43:09So, but I still thought it was sounded

43:11interesting, so I'm excited.

43:13>> Good. Do you fly Do you fly planes?

43:17>> I haven't yet, but that's the goal to

43:19become a pilot.

43:21>> Uh, what year are you in?

43:24>> Freshman.

43:24>> Freshman. So, I have uh my oldest

43:28grandson uh who is a student at Urbana

43:33High School and he's just uh be he wants

43:38to fly a plane. He a matter of fact he

43:40just started he had his first flight a

43:43week ago or last Friday at a junior

43:46college up there. So, he he's very

43:48interested in aeronautics as well. I I

43:51think I saw a story. Is is anybody

43:53within uh your part of the school

43:56talking about it where I I believe

43:59there's an investigation underway

44:02uh concerning

44:05aeronatics and connections to China.

44:09Does that ring a bell or no?

44:11>> Okay.

44:12>> I haven't heard about that. I'll look

44:13into that though. That's interesting.

44:14>> Okay. Yeah, you might you might keep

44:16your ears open for that. Um,

44:20okay. Tyson's.

44:24>> Uh, I'm Tyson. Uh, I'm from Arola,

44:27Illinois. It's just south of Champagne,

44:30about 30 minutes. Um, Oh, yeah. I'm

44:34>> Yeah. Uh, majoring in criminal justice.

44:37Um, I want to use that uh to eventually

44:40go into US Marshals. Also, I'm also

44:43doing a minor in military sciences. I'm

44:45in I'm in the National Guard, so I'd

44:47also like to do some MP work later on.

44:50Um, yeah, that's pretty well all I got.

44:54>> Great. Thanks,

44:56uh, Jamie,

45:08>> are you there? Jamie,

45:10>> hello. You can hear me?

45:12>> I can hear you now. Yeah. Okay. Um, hi,

45:16my name is Jamie. Um, I'm from the south

45:20side of Chicago. I'm currently a junior

45:23at SIU. Um, my major is healthcare

45:27management and I plan to use that to be

45:30the part of a healthcare administration

45:32team eventually in the future. Um, of

45:36course, this class is elective as part

45:38of my humanities and I'm ready to learn.

45:42>> Okay, great. Uh Jay, last but not least,

45:47>> uh yeah, you can hear me?

45:49>> I can.

45:50>> Uh my name is Jaylen Harvey. I'm from

45:53Anaheim, California, and my major is

45:56healthcare management. I'm currently a

45:59junior and I'm taking this class because

46:02it's also uh a requirement for my

46:05humanities.

46:08>> Okay, great. Um how'd you get here from

46:10Anaheim? Oh, my mom actually went here.

46:14>> Oh, really?

46:15>> Yeah.

46:16>> And so, uh, so she's a saluki, huh?

46:21That's um,

46:23and I guess she has fond memories.

46:27>> Uh, yeah. I mean, it kind of sounded

46:30better in her time for sure. She hyped

46:32it up. [laughter]

46:35Well, you know, SIU is not as big as Do

46:39you know when she when she graduated?

46:41>> Yeah, she graduated in 94.

46:45>> So, I'm I'm guessing I mean I came to

46:47SIU in

46:502006, so a while after your mom

46:54graduated. But, um I mean, what around

46:58that period of time SIU is quite a bit

47:01bigger. Um

47:02>> Oh, yeah. I kind of assume that

47:04>> the it was about you know maybe almost

47:08tw twice as big as it is now in terms of

47:11in in terms of enrollment. Uh, a lot of

47:14the directional universities in in

47:18Illinois uh suffered from a year of uh

47:24getting no state funding back when there

47:27was a a dispute between Governor RER and

47:30the Democratic legislature about uh

47:35I don't know 10 years ago and uh and

47:40none of the directional universities

47:41have entirely recovered from that uh

47:44including including ours. Um

47:48school of journalism when I took it over

47:50in 2006 had 340 people and today it has

47:5681.

47:57Um so that'll give you that give you an

48:01idea.

48:02>> Oh yeah.

48:03>> Um

48:06are you uh Jay are you in Anaheim or are

48:10you in Carbondale? No, I'm on campus

48:12right now.

48:13>> You're on campus? Okay.

48:15>> Um, are you a big fan of Disneyland?

48:19>> Oh, yeah. I actually went over the

48:21summer.

48:22>> Did you? Okay.

48:23>> My internship.

48:24>> Okay, great. Um, okay. I'm going to turn

48:29to the pre the uh pre-assessment

48:35and go through down that question by

48:37question. Um,

48:40anybody have any questions before I do

48:42that?

48:52Okay. Uh, let me get the right screen up

48:55here.

48:58So

49:00um

49:03this is the 250th

49:06anniversary of uh the Declaration of

49:10Independence. So there are there are

49:13there are three

49:16important

49:18founding documents that we'll talk a lot

49:21about in this class. Uh one the

49:25declaration of independence.

49:27Um

49:30another the constitution

49:34uh declaration of independence 1776.

49:37Constitutional Convention was uh 1787

49:44and then the Bill of Rights which were

49:47the first additions to the Constitution

49:51uh which were in uh ratified in 19 in

49:551791.

49:58Uh when we get to the period of time

50:02around the Civil War, there was sort of

50:06a a second

50:08constitutional

50:11uh change that was important. That was

50:14the post civil war amendments uh 13th,

50:1814th and 15th. 14th being particularly

50:21important

50:23because well for the purpose for the as

50:26it relates to our class uh it the 14th

50:31amendment was eventually found to apply

50:33the bill of rights to the states. In

50:36other words, require that the states

50:38follow the bill of rights. Um

50:44the uh

50:47the Declaration of Independence

50:49uh which has uh the the the values of uh

50:56equality and u and freedom and liberty

50:59in it. uh it is not not actually

51:03something where a person can go to say a

51:07federal court or go or go to the Supreme

51:10Court and say uh this particular law

51:13violates

51:15the the the first amendment. I mean let

51:19me let me restate that a person can't go

51:23to a federal court and say a particular

51:25law uh violates the Declaration of

51:28Independence. It's not the Declaration

51:31of Independence is a a statement of

51:36uh political beliefs

51:39and uh declaration of freedom from Great

51:43Britain and basically you know initi uh

51:48was was

51:50uh adopted

51:52at a time when the war against uh

51:56England had already begun. It was after

52:00uh all river's ride and the battle of

52:04Bunker Hill and etc etc. Um

52:09but it's not enforceable in court. It's

52:12it's it's it's

52:14important principles that have inspired

52:19uh um the country ever since. Um

52:24some of those

52:27uh principles were not in the original

52:32draft of the constitution uh that was uh

52:36that was ratified after the

52:38constitutional convention of 1787.

52:42Uh it's a little bit surprising

52:47uh as you look back at it some of the

52:49things that were not in the original

52:52constitution.

52:53Um

52:55well the bill of rights for one thing

52:58all of those you know first amendment

52:59and all those freedoms that were event

53:01that were added a couple years later. Uh

53:05there's no the word equality is not in

53:09the uh in in the in the constitution

53:14uh of uh as it was drafted in 1787.

53:18Um

53:21popular

53:23uh the the the word democracy.

53:27uh there wasn't popular election

53:31of uh

53:34of members of Congress, popular election

53:37of the house, but the senators were

53:40chosen by state legislatures until until

53:45the 20th century. We still don't have

53:48popular election of the president. I

53:50mean, we were living in a century here

53:53where the person who won the popular

53:56vote in both 200 and 2016 uh

54:03did not become president because of the

54:05electoral college. Um

54:09so

54:11a number of um you know the absence of

54:16democracy, equality,

54:18the freedoms of the Bill of Rights. Um

54:23um of course um

54:28slavery

54:29was slavery was the word slavery was not

54:32in the Constitution.

54:35Um

54:37but there was there were several

54:40provisions of the constitution that

54:43referred to slavery. Uh one of them it's

54:46about four paragraphs into of the

54:48constitution is the three-fifths

54:50compromise. You know sometimes people

54:54think well that meant that that slaves

54:56counted as three-fifths of a person and

54:59that's not really the case. They what

55:02they did was three-fifths the uh the

55:06electoral votes of the southern states

55:09with slaves were increased by

55:11three-fifths of the number of slaves but

55:13the slaves couldn't vote. Um

55:17and uh so for example in the election of

55:211800

55:23uh John Adams would have won but for the

55:25three-fifth compromise that gave Thomas

55:28Jefferson more electoral votes.

55:32Um that however was sort of a good good

55:36thing for the first amend for the first

55:37amendment because John Adams hadn't and

55:40the federalists had passed laws that

55:43made it illegal to criticize the

55:45president.

55:46um

55:49the u

55:53the the the

55:55constitution there was actually quite a

55:57large group of people referred to as

56:00anti-federalists

56:02who opposed ratifying the constitution

56:05and to a large extent the bill of rights

56:07was added to the constitution to uh to

56:12answer the criticisms

56:14of these anti-federal ists who said well

56:18lots of the freedoms that we want

56:21protected from the federal government

56:23are not explicitly in the constitution.

56:26Uh speech, religion,

56:29uh freedom from unreasonable searches

56:31and seizures from cruel and unusual

56:34punishment etc. Um

56:38and so in response to that uh the person

56:43who's often referred to as the father of

56:45the constitution, the father of the bill

56:47of rights, uh James Madison, he was also

56:50the fourth president of the United

56:52States um wrote the bill of rights and

56:57because he and other uh

57:01drafters of the original constitution

57:04had promised the anti federalists that

57:06they would add a bill of rights to

57:09explicitly protect the people from uh

57:13from the national government and protect

57:16their liberties and and that was added

57:20the Bill of Rights was added in 1791.

57:23Actually, James Madison wrote um

57:27there were there were initially uh

57:3212

57:34u

57:37the list of the bill the bill of rights

57:38had 12 amendments. The first two were

57:41not passed although one of them has been

57:44in in recent years. It was added as the

57:4727th amendment. Uh so what we now refer

57:51to as the first amendment uh about

57:53freedom of religion and assembly and and

57:56all was not the first amendment that

57:59that James Madison wrote. So one can't

58:02really say well it's the most important

58:04amendment because the first amendment uh

58:07because it wasn't intended to be the

58:08first amendment. Nevertheless,

58:13probably

58:14as time has passed,

58:18the the First Amendment may be the the

58:22most important amendments

58:25uh in terms of

58:28the number of

58:30uh say state laws or federal laws are

58:35are act that have been thrown out for

58:38violating the Constitution. So it's a

58:41very it's a very the first amendment is

58:43a very powerful has become a very

58:47powerful

58:48uh instrument of of change. Um

58:53as as we'll talk about later today uh

58:56when we talk about the World War I cases

58:59all of this really has developed in the

59:01last century.

59:03uh the the at the time you'll when we we

59:08talk about the world one world war I

59:10cases you'll see that uh the first

59:13amendment the people who were citing the

59:16first amendment lost all those cases you

59:18know Shank and Abrams and and u uh Debs

59:25um they wouldn't lose them today

59:29uh under similar circumstances but this

59:32was just the dawning the World War I

59:35period of time was the dawning of of the

59:40of a powerful

59:42uh first amendment uh or just the it was

59:46like the the initial building blocks

59:48that led to a powerful first amendment.

59:51Um,

59:55one another thing that is important to

59:58know about the Declaration of

1:00:00Independence, all these founding

1:00:02documents, the Declaration of

1:00:03Independence, the Constitution, the Bill

1:00:06of Rights, is that they were all

1:00:10um expressions of the Enlightenment.

1:00:15Uh, by

1:00:19Welcome, Ava.

1:00:21Hi Eva. Uh the um

1:00:26so the enlightenment was the sort of the

1:00:30outgrowth of the renaissance that

1:00:33emphasized the individual rights and

1:00:36freedoms and the ability to to uh the

1:00:41importance of of a person's conscience.

1:00:44um the preamble of the constitution

1:00:48uh we the people

1:00:50uh is a reflection of that. I mean there

1:00:54was a I believe it was the first time

1:00:56that any country had stated explicitly

1:00:59that the the people were sovereign, not

1:01:04a king or uh or a or a pope or a

1:01:10potentate.

1:01:12Um

1:01:13and um

1:01:16so even though you never you never

1:01:18really see any Supreme Court cases that

1:01:20where a person's trying to enforce the

1:01:23preamble, we the people um it was a very

1:01:28it was a a very powerful declaration

1:01:32of uh of the uh uh

1:01:38of the importance of individual people

1:01:42and the protection of their individual

1:01:45rights that the country uh was was built

1:01:49upon.

1:01:50Any questions so far?

1:01:55Um

1:01:58so the Bill of Rights,

1:02:00it's the first 10 amendments to the

1:02:02Constitution. Um

1:02:06first amendment, which is what we'll

1:02:07focus on, uh is the first of those. uh

1:02:11freedom freedom of religion

1:02:14uh which has two parts to it. The free

1:02:18exercise of religion.

1:02:20You get to decide what religion or you

1:02:23you you worship or whether to worship

1:02:26none at all. Uh the the ban on the the

1:02:32establishment of religion. There can't

1:02:34be a state church.

1:02:38Um

1:02:41In the in the very early years of the of

1:02:45the country uh in the late 1790s and

1:02:50early 1800s, there were some states that

1:02:53had

1:02:54uh established religions. That's because

1:02:57the Bill of Rights didn't apply to the

1:02:59states until after the Civil War. Uh

1:03:04but so so free exercise of religion uh

1:03:09freedom from an established religion

1:03:12uh right uh no laws abridging freedom of

1:03:15speech or assembly right to uh petition

1:03:21the government for redress of

1:03:23grievances. Uh actually the modern-day

1:03:27lobbyist in his in his or his his Gucci

1:03:31loafers is exercising that part of the

1:03:34first amendment.

1:03:36uh looking beyond the first amendment in

1:03:39the bill of rights, there's uh second

1:03:41amendment which has become far more

1:03:43powerful over the last 20 years um

1:03:48since it was recognized as an individual

1:03:50right to carry to to carry a gun for

1:03:54protection. Uh

1:03:57the second amendment uh protects uh an

1:04:01individual's right to carry a gun for

1:04:03protection or have a gun in their in

1:04:05their home. Uh the the the sort of out

1:04:10outer dimensions of the second amendment

1:04:12are still

1:04:14uh debated. We'll talk about a few cases

1:04:17that relate to it. Although we don't go

1:04:20into any depth in the second amendment.

1:04:23Third amendment really is sort of out of

1:04:25uh isn't it says it's unconstitutional

1:04:31for the government to quarter troops in

1:04:33a person's house. This is because at the

1:04:36time of the revolution the British

1:04:38quartered their troops forcibly

1:04:39quartered their troops in houses in

1:04:41Boston and other parts of the of the

1:04:44colonies and the colonies really hated

1:04:45it. Um

1:04:48and that doesn't happen any longer. So

1:04:52it's I don't think there's been a third

1:04:54amendment case before the Supreme Court

1:04:56in my memory. Fourth amendment

1:04:58protection from unreasonable searches

1:05:00and seizures. People uh should be safe

1:05:03in their in their homes and their papers

1:05:07and effects from uh and protected from

1:05:10unreasonable searches.

1:05:13Um,

1:05:15I said before that the First Amendment

1:05:16is is is one of the most litigated of

1:05:20the Bill of Rights. The Fourth Amendment

1:05:22is litigated a lot because it comes into

1:05:25play in criminal cases where there's

1:05:26often questions about whether or not uh

1:05:30law enforcement officials have violated

1:05:33have have whether their searches uh are

1:05:37um reasonable or unreasonable.

1:05:41um fifth amendment, sixth amendment has

1:05:44all sorts of procedural protections for

1:05:48people suspected or accused of crimes.

1:05:52Um

1:05:55uh right to um

1:05:59right to remain silent, right to have a

1:06:01lawyer, a jury of your peers.

1:06:05Um,

1:06:09trying to see where the new people who

1:06:12have just come in. Or you know what? I'm

1:06:15just going to let me just hesitate for a

1:06:17second so I can add in I think we've

1:06:20just had Ally, Carrie, and Ava join.

1:06:26Um, Carrie and Ally, will you give me

1:06:29your last name so I can find you and

1:06:31give you and give you credit? Uh, Eva, I

1:06:35can see your last name.

1:06:39>> Mine is Ble.

1:06:41>> Ble. Okay, hold on just a quick second.

1:06:53Oh, there you are. You're You're at the

1:06:55very top. Okay,

1:07:00Carrie.

1:07:08Are you there, Carrie?

1:07:15Looking down first names here.

1:07:22I got you.

1:07:36Well,

1:07:38get that here.

1:07:41Um

1:07:45so you know the fourth amendment uh

1:07:48protect protection from unre uh from

1:07:51unreasonable searches and seizures and

1:07:53all the criminal protections of the

1:07:55fifth and sixth amendment uh relating to

1:07:58right to remain silent and um uh

1:08:03not incriminate yourself. have a jury,

1:08:07uh, grand jury,

1:08:10uh, all those things are very relevant

1:08:12to those of you who are in criminal

1:08:15justice uh, major and they're they are

1:08:18much litigated in

1:08:21uh, individual criminal cases as they

1:08:23come along. So probably the fourth

1:08:25amendment is more litigated than than

1:08:28than the first amendment. All in all,

1:08:31um, eth amendment is protects against

1:08:35unreasonable uh against cruel and

1:08:37unusual punishment that punishment that

1:08:41is um

1:08:44uh

1:08:45that that offends the standards of

1:08:48decency of a modern society is sort of

1:08:51the way the Supreme Court has put it. So

1:08:54for example,

1:08:56capital punishment, it's it's considered

1:08:58un cru unusual punishment to execute

1:09:01somebody who is uh

1:09:05uh doesn't have the mental capacity to

1:09:07understand the charges against them or

1:09:10uh to execute a person who committed a

1:09:13crime uh when they were a juvenile.

1:09:17uh because juveniles don't have the

1:09:21mental capacity to to uh have not had

1:09:25the their brain development has not

1:09:28reached uh the point where they can

1:09:30conceive of the the scope of the

1:09:35seriousness of of what they're doing or

1:09:37so the court said. Also, the US at the

1:09:41time the Supreme Court decided about 15

1:09:44years ago that juveniles couldn't be

1:09:46executed. Um,

1:09:49the US was in the company of like Iran

1:09:52and and North Korea and China as the

1:09:55only countries that executed people who

1:09:57committed crimes when they were murders

1:09:59when they were juveniles. Um,

1:10:03so so ban against cruel and unusual

1:10:06punishment, rape the u capital

1:10:11punishment cannot be uh assessed in in

1:10:15cases of of rape as they as once was

1:10:19common uh in the United States.

1:10:23So that that's the uh the some of the

1:10:27high points of the rest of the Bill of

1:10:29Rights that was added in 17 91.

1:10:34Um any questions?

1:10:40Okay, I'm going to go back now to

1:10:45the preassessment and go down question

1:10:48by question.

1:10:51Um,

1:10:52first one, first amendment protects you

1:10:55from censorship by YouTube or Facebook.

1:10:58Uh, the answer to that one is false. So

1:11:02the f the first word of the first

1:11:04amendment is congress.

1:11:07Congress shall uh congress shall make no

1:11:10law. Uh that a bridges the first

1:11:13amendment. Um what that word congress

1:11:17means is the first amendment just

1:11:20protects you from the government. It

1:11:23doesn't protect, the first amendment

1:11:25does not protect you from um

1:11:30uh private entities like YouTube or

1:11:33Facebook.

1:11:34Um

1:11:37I I I will add one caveat to that and

1:11:42that is that there was a case a year

1:11:44ago, maybe a year and a half ago at this

1:11:46point. Actually, it was a case that came

1:11:49out of Missouri and Louisiana.

1:11:52um where some of the lower courts said

1:11:56that the first amendment did protect

1:11:57people against

1:12:00uh Facebook or YouTube or

1:12:04uh

1:12:05um

1:12:07uh censoring a a person's speech and um

1:12:13the Supreme Court said uh that that no

1:12:18the first event only applies

1:12:21the government action. So it would only

1:12:24apply to YouTube or Facebook or other

1:12:27private entities if they were acting uh

1:12:31under coercive action by the government.

1:12:34So if for example the government though

1:12:37the the president uh told told one of

1:12:41these social media companies that they

1:12:45had to take down or post

1:12:48some particular information

1:12:51um or else they would uh suffer uh

1:12:57suffer punishment or consequences that

1:13:00would be coercive and the first

1:13:01amendment would come into play. But as

1:13:04long as there's no government coercion

1:13:05involved,

1:13:07u the the First Amendment doesn't

1:13:11protect you against YouTube or Facebook

1:13:13deciding that they're going to take down

1:13:15your post for being, you know, racist or

1:13:20misogynistic or uh threatening violence,

1:13:25etc.

1:13:26Um,

1:13:28second question, the first amendment is

1:13:30part of the declaration of independence.

1:13:33False. You know, as we as we said

1:13:36before, there is one of the three

1:13:38founding declaration of independence,

1:13:41one of the three important founding

1:13:43documents, but it's not enforceable in

1:13:45courts. And the first amendment

1:13:49uh didn't come into play for 15 years

1:13:52after the Declaration of Independence.

1:13:56Um,

1:14:00question three. The first amendment

1:14:01protects life, liberty, and the pursuit

1:14:04of happiness. False. Life, liberty, and

1:14:07the pursuit of happiness is in the in

1:14:10the Declaration of Independence.

1:14:12Uh, it's not in

1:14:16uh it's it's not in the first amendment.

1:14:20Um,

1:14:22question four. If a law contradicts the

1:14:26first amendment is null and void. True.

1:14:30Um

1:14:33there's a case I don't think I don't

1:14:35think there's any question on a test

1:14:38that holds you to this, but you may if

1:14:40you think back to your American history,

1:14:42there was a case um called Marbury

1:14:45versus Madison in 1803.

1:14:49And um that was the case in which the

1:14:53the Supreme Court said that

1:14:58uh that that uh clause that were that

1:15:02violated the the constitution were null

1:15:05and void.

1:15:07Um

1:15:13let's see next question.

1:15:18The first words of the first amendment

1:15:21are we the people. False. We the people

1:15:24is the preamble to the constitution.

1:15:28Uh question six. There was a consensus

1:15:31in Philadelphia in 1787 that the

1:15:34constitution needed a bill of rights to

1:15:37protect the people. False.

1:15:40Uh there was a consensus in Philadelphia

1:15:43that didn't need a bill of rights. that

1:15:44the constitution as they wrote it was uh

1:15:48um protected people because it was a

1:15:52constitution of limited federal power.

1:15:54Uh and it was only after

1:15:57anti-federalists threatened to not

1:15:59ratify the constitution

1:16:02uh that uh that the bill of rights was

1:16:05added.

1:16:07I'm going to change locations because my

1:16:10wife has just come home and I don't want

1:16:13to make her listen to all my all my

1:16:18lectures.

1:16:21>> Hey, William.

1:16:23>> Yes.

1:16:25>> Is it okay if I log in on my phone and

1:16:27listen to the rest of the class I have

1:16:28to take my daughter to preschool?

1:16:30>> Absolutely fine.

1:16:32>> Thank you.

1:16:33Okay, I'm just going to go upstairs and

1:16:36we'll resume.

1:17:30Okay. Can you hear me?

1:17:33Okay, great.

1:17:39The right to bear arms. This is question

1:17:42number seven. The right to bear arms is

1:17:44part of the first amendment. False. Uh,

1:17:48it's the second one.

1:17:53Eight. The first amendment protects the

1:17:55right of free speech around the world.

1:17:58False.

1:18:00only in the United States. Um, if you go

1:18:03to Russia and you say uh something that

1:18:07the Russians

1:18:10Vladimir Putin objects to uh he can put

1:18:14you in the goolog

1:18:16um

1:18:18and and the first amendment is not going

1:18:20to help you out. You can call the

1:18:22American ambassador and they can

1:18:24complain, but um doesn't protect you

1:18:27outside the boundaries of the United

1:18:29States.

1:18:30The first amendment does protect people

1:18:33who are not citizens, however, in the

1:18:36United States.

1:18:38Um,

1:18:43question n. The sixth amendment requires

1:18:46the media to

1:18:49uh

1:18:52let's see, I just lost my place.

1:19:12Um

1:19:15this this the um the sixth amendment

1:19:18this is question nine. The sixth

1:19:20amendment requires the media to ensure a

1:19:24defendant get a fair trial. False. It's

1:19:27the job. It it ensures a fair trial but

1:19:31it it does not put that responsibility

1:19:34on the media. the responsibility is the

1:19:38the judicial system and the and the

1:19:40judge. Um

1:19:45Dan, the first amendment protects the

1:19:47constitutional right to know. Uh false.

1:19:51This is sort of a a phrase you often

1:19:54often hear, the right to know, but it's

1:19:56not really a part explicitly in the

1:19:59Constitution.

1:20:01The first amendment does protect,

1:20:03however, um, you know, the right of

1:20:06individuals to,

1:20:09um,

1:20:11use video cameras to, um,

1:20:15uh, to uh, photograph

1:20:21in public spaces or photograph police

1:20:24officers making arrest. as long as they

1:20:27do not interfere with a a police

1:20:30officer's actions

1:20:32and ensures a person's right to a uh to

1:20:36attend a public trial. Um so those are

1:20:40sort of related to the right to know,

1:20:42but there's not an explicit right to

1:20:44know. Uh question 11, the first

1:20:47amendment begins, Congress shall make no

1:20:49law. No law means no law, no exceptions.

1:20:53Um

1:20:57and that is uh

1:21:01that is that is false. Um

1:21:05the word the word no law is not

1:21:09absolute. There's all sorts of laws that

1:21:13punish

1:21:15um

1:21:16kinds of speech. Um

1:21:20the the kinds of speech that are not

1:21:22protected are uh defamatory speech

1:21:27um that that wreck somebody's

1:21:30reputation.

1:21:31Um

1:21:33verbal defam defamation is slander.

1:21:37Written defamation is liable. Um

1:21:42uh re um real threats to hurt somebody.

1:21:49Uh fighting words.

1:21:52Um obscenity.

1:21:55Um

1:21:58those are

1:22:01those are some of the some of the some

1:22:04of the laws that u

1:22:07that that limit

1:22:10that that limit the contours of uh of

1:22:14what the first amendment protects. Um

1:22:17disturbing the peace, for example, if um

1:22:21you know, police have the have the power

1:22:25to

1:22:27declare an a uh an assembly.

1:22:31Even though the assembly is protected by

1:22:33the first amendment, the police have the

1:22:35power to uh declare an assembly an

1:22:38unlawful assembly. If, for example, the

1:22:41protesters are throwing bottles or

1:22:44throwing rocks or or um or even if

1:22:49they're uh if they're in the street

1:22:52blocking traffic

1:22:54uh

1:22:56to to be a protected

1:22:58u protest march. one would have to be on

1:23:02the sidewalk or in a public park.

1:23:06Um, nevertheless,

1:23:08this is a case I bring up because it it

1:23:11became sort of a cause celeb in St.

1:23:13Louis. um the the the police have when

1:23:18if they're declaring an assembly to be

1:23:21an unlawful assembly, they have to do it

1:23:24within the within the hearing with

1:23:27within earshot of the demonstrators are

1:23:30enforcing it against. Um

1:23:34during some 19 dur during some protests

1:23:37in 2017

1:23:39uh in downtown St. was a a city block

1:23:43was cordoned off by the police and and

1:23:45all the people in it. Um including uh

1:23:49newspaper including journalists were

1:23:52arrested and um um sprayed with chemical

1:23:58agents and those are declared to be

1:24:01illegal arrests because the the

1:24:04declaration of an of a unlawful assembly

1:24:07had been four blocks away. and was never

1:24:11heard by any of the people uh who were

1:24:15um you know caught in this one block

1:24:19area cordoned off by police who then

1:24:22came in and arrested everybody who had

1:24:24been who had been caught in that one

1:24:26block.

1:24:28Um

1:24:32see question 12. The first amendment was

1:24:34part of the constitution when the

1:24:37constitution was ratified. False.

1:24:40It was ratified before the amendments

1:24:42were added. Uh 13. The first time the

1:24:46Supreme Court threw out a law for

1:24:47violating the First Amendment was in the

1:24:511800s.

1:24:52It's actually in the 20th in the in the

1:24:541900s.

1:24:57When people speak at a city council

1:24:58meeting, their speech is protected by

1:25:00the first amendment. True.

1:25:03But, you know, I I mentioned earlier uh

1:25:07that uh city hall

1:25:11those city hall shootings

1:25:14uh that involved uh uh a person by the

1:25:18name of Cookie Thornton in Kirkwood,

1:25:20Missouri. Um

1:25:23he actually one of the things he was

1:25:25angry about was he had just he had just

1:25:28lost in federal court a first amendment

1:25:31claim that the city council of the city

1:25:34of Kirkwood was cutting him off uh

1:25:38during city council meetings. He would

1:25:41come to city council meetings

1:25:43uh and disrupt the city council meetings

1:25:47which gives the city council

1:25:50power to to cut off the speech at city

1:25:55council meetings. Uh I mean city

1:25:57councils and other city bodies can

1:26:01enforce what are called um neutral time,

1:26:06place and manner restrictions on speech.

1:26:09So, uh, for example, they can say that

1:26:14the public comment period uh is at a

1:26:17particular point of a city council

1:26:20meeting and maybe each individual only

1:26:24has three minutes to speak. Um, so they

1:26:28can put those kinds of neutral

1:26:31time, place, and manner restrictions on

1:26:33speech uh without violating the first

1:26:36amendment.

1:26:39Uh, which sort of goes to the next

1:26:42question. Question 15. A citizen can

1:26:45shout at the mayor and disrupt the city

1:26:47council meeting and be protected by the

1:26:50first amendment. Uh,

1:26:53false.

1:26:55Um,

1:26:57that they can they can be removed from

1:26:59the meeting and arrested if they can if

1:27:02they continue.

1:27:04The city council starts a meeting. If a

1:27:07city council starts a meeting with a

1:27:09prayer from a Christian chaplain from

1:27:12the town, it violates your freedom of

1:27:14religion. False. Supreme Court has

1:27:17explicitly upheld that practice as it

1:27:21relate related to a a village in I think

1:27:25New York State.

1:27:27Your public high school can't uh allow a

1:27:30chaplain from a local church to say a

1:27:33prayer at your graduation ceremony.

1:27:36True. Although I suspect that this is

1:27:40one of those things that uh the law says

1:27:44one thing, but there's quite a bit of

1:27:46practice. Uh there quite a few schools

1:27:49who still do it. And again and again

1:27:52remember on all these issues that that

1:27:55relate to schools, we're talking about

1:27:58public schools, not private schools. Um

1:28:03the um you know this goes back to

1:28:06Congress shall make no law. The first

1:28:08amendment only applies to the states. So

1:28:12first amendment doesn't protect any

1:28:15rights of uh students in private or

1:28:20parochial schools. Um

1:28:24and um whereas it does protect the first

1:28:28amendment rights of students in public

1:28:30schools.

1:28:33Um the way a lot of students uh do the

1:28:38do the religious element of a graduation

1:28:42ceremony is is that uh and this does not

1:28:45violate the first amendment is for the

1:28:48churches in a community to join together

1:28:50and have a have a private worship

1:28:54service sort of ecumenical private

1:28:57worship service for students. But the at

1:29:01the graduation ceremony itself uh uh the

1:29:06um the the school cannot have a school

1:29:09sponsored cannot hire a chaplain to give

1:29:12a prayer.

1:29:14Um

1:29:16but I mean there it can be a little bit

1:29:19tricky in that let's say the

1:29:20validictorian is a very religious person

1:29:23and wants to start his or her speech

1:29:26with a prayer. they could do that or as

1:29:29part of their

1:29:32free speech freedom of religion so long

1:29:34as it's not a school sponsored public

1:29:37school sponsored prayer.

1:29:40I also hasten to add that the current

1:29:43Supreme Court um

1:29:46is

1:29:49um less strict about enforcing the

1:29:53separation between church and state uh

1:29:56that's in the first amendment. And um

1:30:00uh it it for example the current Supreme

1:30:04Court probably doesn't have five people

1:30:06who would back up the the um the

1:30:11metaphor of there being a wall between

1:30:15church and state which was a a metaphor

1:30:18that Thomas Jefferson uh used in the

1:30:221800s. Um

1:30:25Jefferson actually uh uh did not issue a

1:30:31uh Thanksgiving proclamation

1:30:34that like other presidents have uh

1:30:37because he thought it was a violation of

1:30:40the establishment of religion.

1:30:42Um

1:30:46let's see here.

1:30:48The city council can spend money to set

1:30:51up a Christmas display with a nativity

1:30:55scene with the baby Jesus as long as

1:30:58there are also symbols like a Christmas

1:31:01tree and Rudolph the red-nosed reindeer.

1:31:04True. Um

1:31:09Christmas tree is not considered to be a

1:31:11Christian symbol. Uh so as long as there

1:31:14are some secular things like Rudolph and

1:31:17and a Christmas tree, then city money

1:31:20can be spent without violating

1:31:23an establishment of religion.

1:31:26Um there's a case we'll read at the end

1:31:30of the towards the end of the of the

1:31:34semester from Alageney County in uh

1:31:37where Pittsburgh is located where the

1:31:40for where five justice and majority said

1:31:44that to put uh the Pittsburgh and

1:31:49Alagany County putting a crash on the

1:31:52main

1:31:54main courthouse. house stairway without

1:31:57any other holiday symbols. A crush being

1:32:01a nativity scene. Uh that that violated

1:32:05the first amendment, but that a park

1:32:08across the street from the from the same

1:32:11uh courthouse that had a manora and a

1:32:14freedom star and others and a Christmas

1:32:19tree and other secular symbols. Uh that

1:32:21that did not violate the first

1:32:23amendment. Freedom of religion.

1:32:28Um,

1:32:30question 19. If your parents tell you

1:32:33you shouldn't take the Lord's name in

1:32:35vain, they are violating the first

1:32:38amendment your first amendment right of

1:32:40free speech. Also,

1:32:42um,

1:32:44it's got to be Congress, not not your

1:32:46parents. Uh, if your family says you

1:32:50have to go to church, they're violating

1:32:52your freedom of religion. False. Again,

1:32:55parents can't do it. The state has to do

1:32:57it. Uh, question 21. The parish school

1:33:02can require students to take a religious

1:33:05class, a religion class. True. Uh,

1:33:08there's some there there's some cases

1:33:10that are working their way

1:33:13up in the courts right now uh relating

1:33:15to

1:33:17Bible readings in public schools. Um,

1:33:22as as of as of as of right now, the most

1:33:27recent Supreme Court

1:33:30decisions, which go back about 20 years,

1:33:32say that

1:33:34public schools cannot post the Ten

1:33:36Commandments and cannot have required

1:33:40religion classes. Texas has passed some

1:33:43laws saying and maybe another southern

1:33:46state saying that all all public schools

1:33:51have to post the Ten Commandments and uh

1:33:55requiring certain Bible readings as part

1:33:59of the curriculum.

1:34:01Um we'll see how those cases play out uh

1:34:06in court as they move up towards the

1:34:08Supreme Court. But as I say, this is a

1:34:10Supreme Court much more receptive to

1:34:14uh to um

1:34:17to a looser separation between church

1:34:20and state.

1:34:22Um

1:34:25question 22. News organizations can

1:34:27publish top secret documents without

1:34:31being prosecuted. True. uh we'll we'll

1:34:34have we'll study in detail the Pentagon

1:34:37papers

1:34:39um which were the uh secret history

1:34:43secret classified 40 plus volume history

1:34:47of the Vietnam War showing that

1:34:49presidents from uh from Truman to Nixon

1:34:54lied about the Vietnam War. Um

1:34:58and uh Supreme Court said the government

1:35:00couldn't stop their publication. That's

1:35:03what the post

1:35:06uh

1:35:08uh movie is about. Question 21 23

1:35:12rather. The government can almost always

1:35:14stop the publication of national

1:35:17security secrets to safeguard the

1:35:20country.

1:35:22Um

1:35:26so that's that that's false. They can

1:35:28they can sometimes do it. there are

1:35:32there are specific exceptions.

1:35:35Um so stop the publication that's sort

1:35:38of a a layman's way of referring uh to

1:35:43um

1:35:45to

1:35:49uh laws that prevent publication.

1:35:52Um, and the the the constitution, the

1:35:56first amendment is especially

1:35:58especially powerful uh when it comes to

1:36:02the right to be able to say what you

1:36:04want even if even if what you're saying

1:36:08might be considered to be a violation of

1:36:10the law. Um

1:36:14so the the the instances in which the

1:36:17government can actually stop the

1:36:20publication issue what's called a prior

1:36:23restraint on publication are very

1:36:26narrow. They are the location of a troop

1:36:30ship in in the ocean.

1:36:34That that when the Pentagon Papers case

1:36:37went before the Supreme Court, the

1:36:40lawyers for the New York Times were

1:36:41asked whether they would argue that the

1:36:45First Amendment protected their right to

1:36:47publish the location of a troop ship.

1:36:49This was sort of an argument. The

1:36:52argument was in the 1970s. So, it was an

1:36:54argument where the justices a sort of

1:36:57frame of reference was World War II uh

1:37:00when there were troop ships that were

1:37:02sunk that had thousands of of people on

1:37:06them. Uh and so, you know, potentially

1:37:10very dangerous kind of piece of

1:37:13information.

1:37:15Um

1:37:17uh so so and and the New York Times

1:37:20lawyer responded to the justices, no, he

1:37:22was not arguing that they should be able

1:37:25to that the that the government couldn't

1:37:27stop them from u publishing the location

1:37:31of a troop ship. They can stop that.

1:37:34They also the government also can stop

1:37:37uh the publication of the names of spies

1:37:40um US spy of of American spies. In the

1:37:4560s, there was a disgruntled CIA agent,

1:37:50former CIA agent who um

1:37:54who uh was um was publishing was

1:38:00publicizing the names of CIA agents who

1:38:05had been involved in Europe,

1:38:06particularly in Greece, and they started

1:38:08getting assassinated. So, Congress

1:38:10passed a law making that making it

1:38:13illegal to disclose the name of um of

1:38:17undercover American agents and um and

1:38:21the Supreme Court made clear that this

1:38:24is the kind of information there could

1:38:26be a prior restraint on publication. The

1:38:29the one other area where they have said

1:38:30that is in connection with um uh the

1:38:35formula for building a nuclear weapon.

1:38:37There was a magazine called The

1:38:38Progressive that was going to publish a

1:38:42sort of a u

1:38:44a um um

1:38:49this the stepbystep

1:38:51list of how to build a dirty b dirty

1:38:54nuclear bomb uh that could be set off in

1:38:57a city and a court ruled that that the

1:39:00government could stop that publication.

1:39:05Um there's a recent case in St. Louis

1:39:09where um a court stopped the St. Louis

1:39:13Post Dispatch from publishing

1:39:16psychiatric records of a of a defendant

1:39:19who was facing trial for uh shooting

1:39:24maybe maybe murdering a police officer.

1:39:28Um so so that's another situation where

1:39:31there may be an exception to to the

1:39:34prior restraint rule. But in general

1:39:38the government cannot issue a prior

1:39:41restraint against

1:39:44speech or publication of information

1:39:47including national security secrets.

1:39:5124. The first amendment protects all

1:39:54religions equally. Islam as well as

1:39:56Christianity and protects burning a

1:39:59Bible or burning a Quran. True.

1:40:03The first uh question 25. The first

1:40:06amendment protects hate speech and a

1:40:08public students right to say a prayer

1:40:10before an algebra test. True.

1:40:14Just because just because. So the first

1:40:18amendment does not protect a public

1:40:20school requiring

1:40:23say the recitation of the Lord's prayer

1:40:26to start the school day which was common

1:40:28in a lot of schools in the 50s and 40s

1:40:3150s60s maybe before that. Um that

1:40:35violates the separation of church and

1:40:37state. Um

1:40:39um but a student can say a prayer

1:40:43anytime they want.

1:40:45um and

1:40:47sort of a silent prayer to themselves.

1:40:49They can't they couldn't inter interrupt

1:40:52the interrupt the class or the the

1:40:54lesson. Um

1:41:0026. The first amendment protects the

1:41:02right to petition the government for

1:41:04redress of grievances. That protects

1:41:06rich lobbyists who get laws passed to

1:41:09help their economic interests. True.

1:41:11redress petition the government for

1:41:13redress of grievances includes those

1:41:16those kind of situations. 27 the first

1:41:19amendment protects the internet and

1:41:20newspapers more than it protects TV

1:41:23broadcasts. True. Um

1:41:27the the reason is that the the Federal

1:41:32Communications the FCC Federal

1:41:34Communications Commission

1:41:36um

1:41:38regulates

1:41:39um

1:41:41um both TV and radio broadcasts. I mean,

1:41:45we're finding out more today than than

1:41:48previously the potential uh for the FCC

1:41:53to censor

1:41:57uh TV

1:41:59news and entertainment uh with the Jimmy

1:42:02Kimmel uh situation where the head of

1:42:06the FCC, President Trump's head of the

1:42:08FCC has threatened to uh take away uh

1:42:14ABC licenses

1:42:16uh based on Jimmy Kimmel's criticism of

1:42:19the president. Um

1:42:22so you could never do that for a

1:42:24newspaper.

1:42:26Uh you couldn't say that that that uh

1:42:29the New York Times would have to stop

1:42:32publishing because they're criticizing

1:42:34the president. Of course, the president

1:42:36can file a billion

1:42:39or trillion or trillion dollar lawsuit

1:42:42defamation lawsuit against the New York

1:42:44Times. Uh, which if it were to win,

1:42:48which it I think it's been thrown out of

1:42:50court would put the New York Times out

1:42:52of business. But,

1:42:55but there's the FCC doesn't have any

1:42:58power over the New York Times.

1:43:00Um,

1:43:0228. university speech codes that ban

1:43:05hate speech may violate the first

1:43:06amendment if they protect some groups

1:43:08and not others. True. Uh we'll talk a

1:43:12little bit about a uh St. Paul,

1:43:15Minnesota CA uh case. It was called RAV

1:43:19versus City of St. Paul. uh where the

1:43:23Supreme Court threw out a hate speech

1:43:26code uh that that was being used to

1:43:31protect uh a black family that had a

1:43:34cross burned on their front lawn by uh

1:43:39racist skin heads. Uh the Supreme Court

1:43:42said, "Well, it protected

1:43:46not only did it well protected uh the

1:43:49black family, it didn't protect, you

1:43:52know, older people, veterans, all sorts

1:43:54of other people. And that and that any

1:43:58kind of law that limits that that limits

1:44:01speech can't protect some people and not

1:44:05not others." We'll talk more about that

1:44:07when we get to it.

1:44:09uh 29. A corporation could spend $10

1:44:13billion to elect the candidate of their

1:44:16of their choice. True. There's a

1:44:18controversial

1:44:20Supreme Court decision from the around

1:44:222010 called Citizens United that says

1:44:25that corporations can spend unlimited

1:44:28amount of money to um to support the

1:44:33candidate of their choice.

1:44:35um

1:44:37they can't give they can't give an

1:44:40unlimited amount of money to the

1:44:42candidate, but they can spend it on

1:44:44campaign ads and stuff uh supporting

1:44:48him. They can't give it to his campaign,

1:44:51though. You can't give corporate money

1:44:54to um to a political campaign that can

1:44:58use it to buy uh you know to pay for

1:45:01grassroots pay for

1:45:05TV ads, radio ads, whatever.

1:45:09Um

1:45:11let's see what's the last question. A

1:45:14person who listens to a funny who finds

1:45:17a funny picture on a news site can post

1:45:19the picture to YouTube as long as the

1:45:22person uh gives the photographer credit.

1:45:25False. Um giving credit's not enough.

1:45:29You got to get permission

1:45:32if it's a copyrighted photo or

1:45:35copyrighted piece of writing.

1:45:37Um, and uh, if you don't get permission,

1:45:42you can be sued for copyright for

1:45:43damages or copyright. We'll have we'll

1:45:47we have a whole a whole class on

1:45:49copyright later in the in the semester.

1:45:53Any questions on that preassessment?

1:45:59Okay, I'll tell you what, we're close

1:46:00enough to the end of the class. I think

1:46:02we'll we'll hold off the starting on the

1:46:05World War I cases until our next class

1:46:08in a week. Um

1:46:11so we'll start well next week we'll go

1:46:14through all those World War I cases and

1:46:17then the cases that follow. So, uh,

1:46:21Shank Abrams, Debs,

1:46:24uh, Whitney versus California. We'll get

1:46:27up to the, um, and and we'll we'll take

1:46:32it all the way into some of the some of

1:46:34the cases, uh, like, uh, oh, there's

1:46:37O'Brien versus Texas on burning the

1:46:40American flag. Um

1:46:44and uh so so we'll just

1:46:48we'll start out uh with World War

1:46:52uh World War I cases and then take it

1:46:55all the way through uh the 1960s 1970s

1:47:01cases that create a very powerful first

1:47:04amendment. Any questions?

1:47:11Okay, thanks everybody. See you next

1:47:14week.